• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2002

The heritability of sink-source characters was estimated by regression coefficient between F$_2$ and F$_{5}$ in two crosses of IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo and the Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33. In order to get the some basic information for breeding of high yielding rice, genetic resources of new plant type with low tiller and heavy panicle were used. Most of the sink and source characters in Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33 cross showed high heritability over than 0.224. But the specific leaf area and sink-source ratio displayed low heritability being 0.009 and 0.013, respectively. Heritability of all sink and source characters in IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo cross ranged from 0.115 to 0.247. Correlation coefficient between yield and yield components in both combination were in the ranged between 0.001 and 0.247. But correlations among the yield components were not significant. Correlations between the yield and sink-source characters in both combinations were also highly significant. Particularly, correlation between the grain tiling ratio and most of the sink-source characters in IR 66738-118-1-2/Gayabyeo cross were not significant. In Ilpumbyeo/YR 15965 Acp 33 cross, correlations between grain filling ratio and source characters were positively significant. but sink characters (sink capacity and sink-source ratio, etc) were negatively significant.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.89-93
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• 2001

To obtain the basic information for varietal improvement and cultural practice, source and sink relationship in the diallel grafting was analyzed among five sweet potato cultivars, Yulmi, Shinyulmi, Gunmi, Hongmi and Seonmi, whose source and sink capacities are different one another. General grafting effect(GGE), specific grafting effect(SGE) and reciprocal grafting effect(RGE) of top weight, tuberous root weight and total weight showed considerable differences. Grafting decreased total dry weight but its effect was different among grafting combinations. Growth and dry matter production of top were affected more by scion, while those of underground were influenced more by stock. Shinyulmi which has great potential source and sink capacities resulted the highest total dry weight, while Hongmi and Yulmi which have low potential source capacity resulted the lowest total dry weight.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.460-470
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• 1985

Experiments were carried out to evaluate the standard gravity in determining potential kernel size and to determine the effective sampling way by analyzing intra - and inter - plant variations for some source and sink characters using eleven semi-dwarf indica and three japonica cultivars including four semi-dwarf indica nearisogenic lines. Also, additional experiments were conducted to understand yearly variation and variety x year interaction effects for ten characters related to source and sink and to characterize the varietal difference of pre- and post-heading self-competition employing three parental varieties and their F$\sub$5/ progenies in 1982 and 1983. It is desirable to determine the potential kernel size by average kernel wight of rice grains showing above 1.15 specific gravity. There was significant difference in leaf area per tiller, spikelets and sink capacity per panicle among vigorous, intermediate and inferior tillers classified by differentiated order and vigorousness. Although it was difficult to find out any significant difference in grain-fill ratio, ratio of perfectly ripened grain, potential kernel size and sink/source ratio between vigorous and intermediate tillers, there was big difference between them and inferior one. The coefficients of variation within each tiller-group for some characters related to source and sink were larger with the order of vigorous tillers < intermediate one '||'&'||'lt; inferior one, and the average heritability of all characters, evaluated by the ratio of varietal variance (equation omitted) to total variance (equation omitted), were higher with the order of inferior tillers '||'&'||'lt; intemediate one '||'&'||'lt; superior one. Therefore, it is desirable to sample the vigorous tillers to represent the varietal difference of these traits. '82-'83 year variations of three parental cultivars were significant for all traits except for leaf area/tiller, panicles/hill, leaf area index and rough rice yield. The characters showing highly significant variance of variety x year interaction were growth duration from transplanting to heading, leaf area/tiller, sink/source ratio, sink capacity/panicle and grain yield. Generalized yearly response of three parental varieties (Suweon 264, Raegyeong, IR1317-70-l) and their F$\sub$5/ progenies on the 1st and 2nd principal components extracted from ten source and sink characters generally exhibited reduction in both source and sink. However, there were diverse variety x year interactions such as progenies showing similar reaction with their parents and intermediate or recombinational yearly response with little or considerable yearly movement on the four-dimensional planes of the two upper principal components between 1982 and 1983. Sink characters revealing highly significant border effect were grain-fill ratio, spikelets and sink capacity per panicle. Among them the latter two especially showed significant variety x border effect interaction. Self-competition characterized by relative weakness of inside plant's sink characters compared to the border one was more severe during the reproductive stage before heading than maturing stage. Though the larger sink capacity per panicle generally disclosed the severer self-competition, some lines (like Suweon 264) revealed severe self-competition with small sink capacity while a few others showed tender self-competition in spite of big sink capacity per panicle.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.45-54
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to clarify the effects of source and sink related characteristics on grain weight increase and grain nitrogen accumulation in rice. Source was modified by leaf removing treatment with no sink modification in 2002 and sink and source were modified at the same time by different sowing dates, N fertilization rates, row spacings, and thinning treatments at heading in 2007. Grain weight (GW) and grain assimilates produced by photosynthesis during grain-filling ($GW_P$) increased with the increase of source, while the grain assimilates retranslocated from leaf and stem ($GW_T$) decreased. Among the source-related characters, shoot dry weight were most closely related with GW. GW was dependant on $GW_P$ rather than on $GW_T$. Grain nitrogen content (GN) and grain nitrogen absorbed from soil during grain-filling ($GN_S$) increased with the increase of source, while the grain nitrogen retranslocated from leaf and stem ($GN_T$) decreased. Shoot nitrogen content among the source-related characters was related most closely with GN. The contribution of $GN_T$ to GN was relatively large although GN depended more largely on $GN_S$ than $GN_T$. In addition, GN was supplied firstly from $GN_S$ or from $GN_S$ and $GN_T$ at the same time.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.03b
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• pp.304-307
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• 2008

Two-dimensional Stokes flow due to the line source and line sink of same strength in semi-infinite flow region with free surface is analysed using complex variable theory and conformal mapping. Surface tension effects are included while gravity is neglected. From the results of analysis, flow pattern and free surface shape are obtained and velocity distribution on the free surface is determined with 2 independent parameters Ca (capillary number) and h (non-dimensionalized distance between source and sink). When the location of the sink is above the source, velocity on the free surface converges and a cusp occurs on the free surface for the value of Ca above some critical capillary number.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.17 no.30
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• pp.209-214
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• 1994

A consecutive k out of n failure lines with sink-source parts is a system of components in sequence such that the system fails whether some k consecutive components are all fail. Some object, be it a flow, is to be relayed from a source to a sink through a sequence of intermediate stations(components). Now care should be taken as to if the source and the sink are also considered components of the systems, i. e. , whether they serve the same function as the intermediate components (stations). Such systems are different from ordinary consecutive k- out of n failure lines by adding the on source and sink pole[6]. The main properties of the reliability by the optimal redundancy of consecutive k out of n failure lines are presented under this modification.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.10A
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• pp.1004-1014
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• 2007

In sensor networks, it is crucial to reliably and energy-efficiently deliver sensed information from each source to a sink node. Specifically, in mobile sink (user) applications, due to the sink mobility, a stationary dissemination path may no longer be effective. The path will have to be continuously reconfigured according to the current location of the sink. Moreover, the dynamic optimal path from each source to the sink is required in order to reduce end-to-end delay and additional energy wastage. In this paper, an Adaptive Reversal Optimal path Tree (AROT) protocol is proposed. Information delivery from each source to a mobile sink can be easily achieved along the AROT without additional control overhead, because the AROT proactively performs adaptive sink mobility management. In addition, the dynamic path is optimal in terms of hop counts and the AROT can maintain a robust tree structure by quickly recovering the partitioned tree with minimum packet transmission. Finally, the simulation results demonstrate that the AROT is a considerably energy-efficient and robust protocol.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 1979

$^14$C-sucrose was labeled on detached panicles and $^14{CO}_2$ on flag leaves or panicles of intact plants to study grain sink activity in spring oats cultivar Pennfield. Defoliation and emasculation experiment was conducted to study source-sink relationship during grain filling. Specific activity of groat rose up to 15 days after anthesis and declined rapidly to 18 days. Daily gain of groat wt. matched closely with specific activity of. groat during grain filling. Primary groats were higher in specific activity of groat than secondary groats.$^14{CO}_2$ exposure on panicle was three times higher in specific activity of groat than $^14{CO}_2$exposure on flag leaf. In the defoliation and emasculation experiment, groat wt. of Pennfield oats decreased as ratio of source/sink decreased. Half number of spikelets with half leaf area was no different in groat wt. compared to control, but normal number of spikelets with zero leaf area was decreased 16% in groat wt., indicating a significant compensation by green area on panicle.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1836-1837
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• 2007

무선 센서 네트워크에서 소스(Source)에서 Sink까지의 데이터 수집(Data Dissemination)은 정확한 정보를 제공, 구축하는데 있어 중요한 부분 중에 하나이다. 본 논문에서는 필요한 정보만을 신속하고 정확하게 얻기 위하여 모바일 싱크(Mobile Sink)을 이용한다. 모바일 싱크(Mobile Sink) 대해서 에너지를 효율적으로 사용할 수 있는 라우팅 기법을 소개하고, 모바일 싱크(Mobile Sink)가 이동할 때 네트워크의 연결 유지 시간(network lifetime)을 연장시키기 위해 Source에서 모바일 싱크(Mobile Sink)까지 데이터 수집(Data Dissemination)을 기법을 제안한다. 제안된 기법으로 Source와 Mobile Sink까지 가상 좌표를 통해 data dissemination path를 효율적으로 설정하고, 모바일 싱크(Mobile Sink)가 다른 좌표로 이동하였을 경우 전 좌표에서 설정되었던 경로와 새로운 좌표에서 설정된 경로를 유지, 수정을 통해 over-hearing 현상을 줄임으로써 효율적으로 에너지를 소비하도록 한다. 제안된 기법은 무선 센서 네트워크 환경에서 노드들의 수명을 연장시키고, 데이터 전송 시간을 단축시켜 더 빠른 데이터 수집(Data Dissemination)을 수식적으로 결과를 보여 준다.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2003