• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2022

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out if the dietary iron intake of Koreans estimated by 2 different methods (iron content sources) using the food intake data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) are comparable. One method was based on the KNHANES's Food & Nutrient Database (FND) derived mainly from the Korean Food Composition Table and the other used the iron content (IC) of food samples processed in the Korean Total Diet Study (KTDS). Methods: Dietary intake data from the 2013-2016 KNHANES was used to select representative foods (RFs) in KTDS for iron analysis. Selection of the RFs and cooking methods for each RF (RF × cooking method pair) was performed according to the 'Guidebook for Korean Total Diet Studies' and resulted in a total of 132 RFs and 224 'RF × cooking method' pairs. RFs were collected in 9 metropolitan cities nationwide once or twice (for those with seasonality) in 2018 and made into 6 composites each, based on the origin and season prior to cooking. Then, the RF composites prepared to a 'table ready' state for KTDS were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Dietary iron intake of the Korean population was estimated using only RFs' intake data based on the 2 sources of iron content, namely FND-KNHANES and IC-KTDS. Results: RFs in KTDS covered 92.0% of total food intake of Koreans in the 2016-2018 KNHANES. Mean iron intake of Koreans was 7.77 mg/person/day by IC-KTDS vs 9.73 mg/person/day by FND-KNHANES. The major food groups contributing to iron intake were meats (21.7%), vegetables (20.5%), and grains & cereals (13.4%) as per IC-KTDS. On the other hand, the latter source (FND-KNHANES) resulted in a very different profile: grains & cereals (31.1%), vegetables (16.8%), and meats (15.3%). While the top iron source was beef, accounting for 8.6% in the former, it was polished rice (19.2%) in the latter. There was a 10-fold difference in the iron content of polished rice between 2 sources that iron intakes excluding the contribution by polished rice resulted in very similar values: 7.58 mg/person/day by IC-KTDS and 7.86 mg/person/day by FND-KNHANES. Conclusions: This study revealed that the dietary iron intake estimated by 2 different methods were quite comparable, excluding one RF, namely polished rice. KTDS was thus proven to be a useful tool in estimating a 'closer-to-real' dietary intake of nutrients for Koreans and further research on various nutrients is warranted.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.607-622
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• 2005

하상퇴적물의 공급원을 규명하고자 전라남북도의 경계부근에 위치하는 섬진강 본류와 그 지류들을 포함하는 유역에서 발생하는 하상퇴적물의 희토류원소 분포양상과 토양유실량을 결석하였다. 연구지역 수계는 섬진강 본류를 비롯하여 순창읍을 관통하는 경천, 옥과면의 옥과천, 입면의 창정천과 입천이면, 각 수계에 직${\cdot}$간접적으로 퇴적물을 공급할 수 있다고 생각되는 10개 유역을 대상으로 토양유실량 분석을 실시하였다. 토양유실량 예측공식인 RUSLE 인자를 생성하기 위하여 토지이용도, 지형도, 토양도 등의 자료를 사용하었고, grid 기반의 10m 셀의 격자형 데이터로 구축한 RUSLE 인자들의 중첩분석을 통하여 연간 토양유실량을 예측하였다. 당위면적당 토양유실량은 밭(53,140.94 tons/ha/year), 과수원(25,063.38 tons/ha/year), 논(6,506.7 tons/ha/year), 산림 (6,074.36 tons/ha/year) 지역 순으로 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 침식위험지역으로 분석된 지역은 대부분 밭 지역 내에 분포하였다. 토양유실은 하천을 따라 분포하는 근원암 지역에서 주로 발생하였으며, 토양유실량, 침식위험지역 분포, 하상퇴적물과의 희토류원소 분포양상에 있어서의 상관관계 등을 고려해볼 때, 경천은 순창엽리상화강암, 옥과천은 대강엽리상화강암, 입천은 설옥리층의 퇴적물이 하천에 주로 유입되는 것으로 판단된다. 특히 여러 암종이 넓은 면적에 분포하고 있는 옥과천의 경우, 하싱퇴적물, 기반암 및 토양의 희토류원소 분포양상과 토양유실량 분석결과를 함께 활용함으로써 더욱 신뢰도 높은 상관관계를 밝힐 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권6호
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• pp.1342-1353
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• 2022

목적 2세대 및 3세대 이중 소스 단일 에너지와 이중 소스 이중 에너지를 이용한 복부 CT의 방사선량과 영상 품질을 비교하였다. 대상과 방법 부분 또는 근치적 신절제술 후 2019년 첫 10개월(2세대 이중 소스 CT)과 2020년 첫 10개월(3세대 이중 소스 CT)에 추적관찰 복부 CT를 시행한 환자들을 대상으로 하였다. 총 320명의 환자를 성별과 체질량지수에 따라 각각 80명씩 4개 그룹으로 나누었다(A, 2세대 이중 소스 단일 에너지 CT; B, 2세대 이중 소스 이중 에너지 CT; C, 3세대 이중 소스 단일 에너지 CT 및 D, 3세대 이중 소스 이중 에너지 CT). 각 그룹 간 방사선량과 영상 품질(객관적, 주관적 품질)을 비교하였다. 결과 3세대 이중 소스 이중 에너지 CT의 평균 신체 크기 특이적 선량 추정값은 2세대 이중 소스 단일 에너지 CT (42.5%, p = 0.013)와 2세대 이중 소스 이중 에너지 CT (46.9%, p = 0.015) 보다 의미 있게 낮았다. 관찰자 간 일치는 전반적인 영상 품질(intraclass correlation coefficient [이하 ICC]: 0.8867) 및 인공물(ICC: 0.9423)에서 높은 일치도를 보였다. 결론 3세대 이중 소스 이중 에너지 CT는 2세대 이중 소스 이중 에너지 CT 및 이중 소스 단일 에너지 CT와 비교하여 높은 영상 품질을 유지하면서 방사선량을 상당히 감소시킨 결과를 보여주었다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.163-169
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• 2024

India is a developing nation and has come with comprehensive way in modernizing its reducing poverty, economy and rising living standards for an outsized fragment of its residents. The STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) education plays an important role in it. STEM is an educational curriculum that emphasis on the subjects of "science, technology, engineering, and mathematics". In traditional education scenario, these subjects are taught independently, but according to the educational philosophy of STEM that teaches these subjects together in project-based lessons. STEM helps the students in his holistic development. Youth unemployment is the biggest concern due to lack of adequate skills. There is a huge skill gap behind jobless engineers and the question arises how we can prepare engineers for a better tomorrow? Now a day's Industry 4.0 is a new fourth industrial revolution which is an intelligent networking of machines and processes for industry through ICT. It is based upon the usage of cyber-physical systems and Internet of Things (IoT). Industrial revolution does not influence only production but also educational system as well. IoT in academics is a new revolution to the Internet technology, which introduced "Smartness" in the entire IT infrastructure. To improve socio-economic status of the India students must equipped with 21st century digital skills and Universities, colleges must provide individual learning kits to their students which can help them in enhancing their productivity and learning outcomes. The major goal of this paper is to present a low cost, effective learning mechanism for STEM implementation using Raspberry Pi 3+ model (Single board computer) and Node Red open source visual programming tool which is developed by IBM for wiring hardware devices together. These tools are broadly used to provide hands on experience on IoT fundamentals during teaching and learning. This paper elaborates the appropriateness and the practicality of these concepts via an example by implementing a user interface (UI) and Dashboard in Node-RED where dashboard palette is used for demonstration with switch, slider, gauge and Raspberry pi palette is used to connect with GPIO pins present on Raspberry pi board. An LED light is connected with a GPIO pin as an output pin. In this experiment, it is shown that the Node-Red dashboard is accessing on Raspberry pi and via Smartphone as well. In the final step results are shown in an elaborate manner. Conversely, inadequate Programming skills in students are the biggest challenge because without good programming skills there would be no pioneers in engineering, robotics and other areas. Coding plays an important role to increase the level of knowledge on a wide scale and to encourage the interest of students in coding. Today Python language which is Open source and most demanding languages in the industry in order to know data science and algorithms, understanding computer science would not be possible without science, technology, engineering and math. In this paper a small experiment is also done with an LED light via writing source code in python. These tiny experiments are really helpful to encourage the students and give play way to learn these advance technologies. The cost estimation is presented in tabular form for per learning kit provided to the students for Hands on experiments. Some Popular In addition, some Open source tools for experimenting with IoT Technology are described. Students can enrich their knowledge by doing lots of experiments with these freely available software's and this low cost hardware in labs or learning kits provided to them.

• 분석과학
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.410-418
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• 2005

PCBs는 뛰어난 물리 화학적, 열적 안전성과 전기 절연성으로 인해 윤활유, 열교환유체, 복사지 등 많은 용도로 사용되어 왔으며, 1930년대에서 1970년대까지 Aroclors, Kaneclors, Clophens, Phenaclors 등과 같은 상업적 PCBs 생산품들이 절연유로 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 PCBs의 주된 배출원인 변압기 절연유를 채취하여 Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254, 1260의 표준물질을 사용하여 정성분석을 하였다. 제작년도 및 제작사별로 채취 분석한 결과 절연유는 Aroclor 1242, Aroclor 1254, Aroclor 1260의 단일 제품을 함유하거나 이들이 혼합되어 함유되어 있는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한, 시판되는 스크리닝 키트(20 ppm, 50 ppm)를 이용한 절연유 시료 분석방법의 적용성을 검토하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2012

함정의 운용 효율성을 높이기 위해서 한국 해군은 음성통신위주의 함내외 통합통신체계(ICS:Integrated Communication System)을 운용해 오고 있으며, 최근에는 음성, 영상, 문자 등이 포함된 멀티미디어 통합통신망에 대한 적용을 고려하고 있다. 본 논문은 함정용 멀티미디어 통합통신망을 구축하기 위한 기초연구로써 한국 해군의 함정 내 여러 통신망 중에서 통합통신망에 적용할 통신망을 구분하고, 구분된 통신망에서 운용중인 멀티미디어 트래픽의 종류 및 특성들을 고찰한다. 아울러 ICS 통신교환기에서의 트래픽 입력소스 수에 따른 링크용량을 예측하기 위해서 트래픽 다중화 모델을 제안하고, 한국 해군의 주요 함정 별 트래픽의 링크용량 산출 및 통합 트래픽을 분석한다.

• 천문학회보
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.79.2-79.2
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• 2015

The $M_{BH}-{\sigma}$ relation for galaxies is a stand-out illustration of the co-evolution of galaxies and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs); however, how this co-evolution occurs and whether this relation holds for SMBHs of the early universe is still a matter of debate. In order to study this at higher redshifts, quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) are the best targets, due to their large sample size and effective $M_{BH}$ estimation. Nevertheless, it is difficult to examine properties of their host galaxies, simply due to the sheer brightness of the QSO itself. Here, we discuss a distinctive method in studying these QSO host galaxies, via gravitational lensing (GL). GL offers a unique approach in determining the mass of the lens object, in this case the host galaxy. QSOs from the SDSS quasar catalog were searched in the Hubble Space Telescope archives, and GL features around them were visually inspected. One such candidate is SDSS J1114-00; to increase its robustness as a GL system candidate, it was observed with the Inamori-Magellan Areal Camera & Spectrograph (IMACS) on the Magellan Baade Telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, to check whether the GL features have identical colors, meaning they are likely to originate from the same source. After confirmation of such GL systems, a sufficiently large sample will enable us to examine the $M_{BH}-{\sigma}$ relation at various redshifts, and in turn, investigate the co-evolution of SMBHs and their host galaxies.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.511-520
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• 2014

The MFFn(Mass first flush), EMCs(Event mean concentrations) and runoff loads were analyzed for various rainy events(monitoring data from 2011 to 2012) in transportation area(rail road in station). The pollutant EMCs by volume of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 9.6 mg/L, COD 29.9 mg/L, SS 16.7 mg/L, T-N 3.271 mg/L, T-P 0.269 mg/L in the transportation areas(Railroad in station). The average pollutant loading by unit area of stormwater runoff showed the BOD5 $27.26kg/km^2$, COD $92.55kg/km^2$, SS $50.35kg/km^2$, T-N $10.13kg/km^2$ and T-P $10.13kg/km^2$ in the transportation areas. Estimated NCL-curve(Normalized cumulated-curve) was evaluated by comparison with observed MFFn. MFFn was estimated by varying n-value from 10% to 90% on the rainy events. The n-value increases, MFFn is closed to '1'. As time passed, the rainfall runoff was getting similar to ratio of pollutants accumulation. The result of a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between observed data and expected data under model was good.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제56권1호
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• pp.92-101
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• 2012

The degradation of one of the commercially important hydrogel based on acrylic acid and acryl amide, (acrylic acid-co-acryl amide) hydrogels, by means of ultrasound irradiation and its combination with heterogeneous ($TiO_2$) was investigated. 24 kHz of ultrasound irradiation was provided by a sonicator, while an ultraviolet source of 16 W was used for UV irradiation. The extent of sonolytic degradation increased with increasing ultrasound power (in the range 30-80 W). $TiO_2$ sonophotocatalysis led to complete (acrylic acid-co-acryl amide) hydrogels degradation with increasing catalyst loading, while, the presence of $TiO_2$ in the dark generally had little effect on degradation. Therefore, emphasis was totally on the sonolytic and sonophotocatalytic degradation of hydrogels and a synergy effect was calculated for combined degradation procedures (Ultrasound and Ultraviolet) in the presence of $TiO_2$ nanoparticles. $TiO_2$ sonophotocatalysis was always faster than the respective individual processes due to the enhanced formation of reactive radicals as well as the possible ultrasound-induced increase of the active surface area of the catalyst. A kinetics model based on viscosity data was used for estimation of degradation rate constants at different conditions and a negative order for the dependence of the reaction rate on total molar concentration of (acrylic acid-co-acryl amide) hydrogels solution within the degradation process was suggested.

• 디지털콘텐츠학회 논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.771-777
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• 2018

본 연구는 재난 재해 시 해당 지역의 취약성 및 재해 위험성분석을 보다 세밀하고 광범위한 분석을 진행하기 위하여 빅데이터 기반 재난 재해 위험도 분석 프레임워크를 제안하였다. 오픈소스 기반 재해 위험도 평가 분석 소프트웨어를 활용하여 대용량의 데이터가 단 시간 내에 처리될 수 있도록 분산 및 병렬처리가 가능한 프레임 워크를 소개한다. 제안하는 시스템의 재난재해 분석 성능평가 시 기존 시스템에 비해 빠른 분석 처리 성능 결과를 도출하였으며 재난 재해 상황 분석 및 재난 유형별 최적화된 의사결정을 지원하는데 주요 프레임워크로 활용될 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 재난 재해 상황 시 정확한 판단과 분석과 효과적인 대응을 통한 사전대비가 가능할 것이며, 정확한 피해 산정 예측에 따른 신속한 대응이 가능하여 피해 규모를 최소화시키는데 기여할 수 있을 것이다.