• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.323-327
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• 1998

The contents of saikosaponin a, c and d in the root of somaclones and wild plants of B. falcatum L. were determined. The saikosaponin contents of wild plants collected from Chongson-gun, Kangwon Province and Yongdok-gun, Kyongbuk Province were higher than those of the somaclones derived from 3-month and 2-year aged calli. The mean values of saikosaponin content in 2 year-old somaclones derived from the callus cultured three months were higher than those in 1 year-old somaclones from 2-year aged callus. Variation of saikosaponin content depending on the culture periods was not found. Four plants among 1-year old somaclones showed saikosaponin content twice as much as wild plants had. This result implies the possible use of somaclonal variation for crop improvement.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2011

RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA) analysis was examined to detect variation of in vitro cultured 30 rhizomes of Cymbidium goeringii Lindley and Cymbidium kanran Makino, with long-term (8 years) subculture, respectively. Out of 151 DNA bands detected, the 40 were polymorphic with a polymorphic rate 26.4% in the C. goeringii. Out of 155 DNA bands detected, the 56 were polymorphic with a polymorphic rate 36.1% in the C. kanran. Genetic similarity matrix (GSM) shows from 0.825 to 1.00 with an average of 0.944 in the rhizomes of C. goeringii and 0.812 to 1.00 with an average of 0.913 in the C. kanran. According to the clustering analysis, C. goeringii was divided into 1 group and 2 independent individuals and its structure of clustering was simple than that of C. kanran. The higher polymorphism and the decreased GSM were showed in the long-term in vitro cultured C. goeringii and C. kanran supplemented with growth regulators. The results provide as fundamental data to develop a new materials for plant breeding and resources plant.

• Plant Resources
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2005

Lysine is the first essential amino acid for optimal nutrient quality in rice grain. For the narrow genetic diversities of lysine contents in rice, somaclonal variation was the source of mutation in our breeding program. Biochemical selection was conducted using 1 mM S-(2-aminoethyl) cysteine followed by two passages of 5 mM lysine plus threonine in the callus subculture medium. The lysine contents in endosperm of all progenies recovered from the biochemical selection were higher than those of their donor cultivar 'Hwayeongbyeo'. These elevated lysine levels of mutants were successfully transmitted to $M_4$ generation. The lysine contents in endosperm varied 3.85 to $4.80\%$ compare to their donor cultivar 'Hwayeongbyeo' was $3.85\%$. Three of high-lysine germplasms, Lys-l, Lys-2 and Lys-7 were selected by biochemical selection and rapid screening methods. DNA analysis showed that a new insertion of Tos 17 which mapped to rice chromosome 11 on the high-lysine mutant, Lys-2.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.35-35
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• 2023

안정적인 유묘의 확보는 스마트작물생산을 위한 공정육묘 생산에서도 중요하며, 기내배양시 유전적 안정성이 높은 유묘의 대량증식은 유묘생산과 공정육묘생산에서 중요한 과정이다. 기내배양시 배양과 정에서 존재하는 체세포영양계변이(somaclonal variation)라는 장벽을 제거하는 것이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 화본과 식물인 홍띠(Imperata cylindrica ‘Rubra’)로부터 기관분화 단계별 재분화체를 작성하여 기관분화 시 기내재생체의 유전적 안정성을 조사하였다. ISSR 마커에 기반하여 유전적 변이성을 조사하고자 7종류 총 21개체의 기관분화 단계별 재분화체 및 재분화식물체에 대하여 분석한 결과, 유전적 다형성은 기관분화 단계별 재분화체 및 순화 재분화체에서 대조구인 모식물체(1.4％) 대비 같거나 높게 나타나서 재분화체에서 유전적 안정성이 다소 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 또한, Jaccard 계수(Jaccard coefficient)로 총 21개체들 간의 유전적 유사도 지수를 평가한 결과, 유전적 유사도 지수는 0.747~1.0 사이에 분포하며, 평균 0.868로 나타났다. ISSR 마커 밴드에 기반하여 평균연결법(Average linkage method)으로 군집 분석한 결과, 모든 개체는 유사도 지수 0.809 ~ 1.000 내에 분포하였다. 유전적 유사도 지수 0.809에서 2개 그룹으로 유집되었으며, 모식물체와 실내재배, 노지재배 재분화 녹색 식물체가 같은 그룹으로 분류되었다. 이상의 결과는 화본과 식물의 기내배양에서 기관분화 시 존재하는 체세포영양계변이에 대한 기초 정보를 제공해 준다. 이들 기관분화에 따른 기내재생체의 안정성에 대한 연구자료는 향후 기내식물의 안정적인 대량번식에 있어 유익한 배경을 제공해 줄 것이다.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.459-464
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• 2001

Leaf disks from cultivar 'Kennebec' and one selection line (ND 860-2) were cultured on Murashige-Skoog medium with various combinations of indole acetic acid (IAA) and zeatin riboside. Shoots, roots and callus were induced at various combinations of plant growth regulator levels. The medium containing $3.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA and $4.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ zeatin riboside produced the most plantlets. Rooted regenerants were grown in the greenhouse. The growth of regenerated plants obtained from the MS medium supplemented with $7.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA and $3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ zeatin riboside was significantly greater than those grown from nodal expalnts. In ND 860-2, a leaf chimera with chlorophyll deficient (light yellow) sectors was found in plants regenerated fiom leaf disks (grown on MS medium supplemented with $3.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IAA and $3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ zeatin riboside) but not in plants grown from nodal explants. The phenotypic variability was also observed in the tuber number, size and weight.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.496-507
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• 2023

The in vitro organogenesis is one of important issues in plant embryology, and somaclonal variations are existing in calli and/or regenerants induced from a process of the organogenesis with in vitro circumstances. In this study, expressions of organogenesis-related genes were evaluated and genetic stability of regenerants derived from the process of in vitro organogenesis were measured using ISSR markers in Imperata cylindrica 'Rubra', Poaceae. The expressions of organogenesis-related genes were detected all of regenerants at the process of the organogenesis. All ISSR markers produced with an average of 71 bands per in vitro-cultured regenerants, and the scorable bands were varied from two to eight with an average of 5.14 bands per a primer. The polymorphism rates of the in vitro regenerants were higher than that of mother plants (1.4%), showing 4.1% (pot-cultured regenerants), 4.3% (field-cultured regenerants), 4.2% (in vitro-cultured regenerants), 5.6% (calli with green shoots) and 1.4% (calli), respectively. The genetic similarity matrix (GSM) among all accessions ranged from 0.747 to 1.0 with a mean of 0.868. GSM of the regenerants showed differences (from 0.972 to 1.00) compared with that of mother plants (0.991). According to the clustering analysis, two independent groups were divided into; the one is mother plants and regenerants cultured at room and open field, the other is regenerants cultured in vitro. The results give a new insight for understanding the dynamics of organogenesis in monocot plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2002

194 plantlets regenerated from leaf explants of boxthorn 'Cheonyang' were cultivated to investigate their morphological characteristics in the field for 2 years. Based on the morphology of leaves, 66.1% of them had elliptical type leaf, the same as that of mother plants, while 22.2% in oval type, 7.2% in obovate type, 2.6% in long-obvate type and 2.1% in lanceolate type. They were classified to 4 groups; group A was selected with both high fruit size and fruit yield, group B with only high fruit size, group C with larger or thicken leaf, and group D with multiple brenches. In comparision of production efficiency between the selected groups and mother plants, group A (99741, 99781, 99854, 99870 and 99886) were longer (2.1 to 2.7 mm) in length of fruits and higher in fruit production (15 to 30%) as compared to mother plants. Croup D (99797 and 99892) was higher in leaf production (7.2%) as compared to boxthorn 'CL1-48', which is the highest in leaf production among boxthorn veriaties.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.297-302
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• 2006

In general, the proliferation of orchids via somatic embryos has been used for mass production of somatic clones because of high propagation efficiency. In spite of high propagation rate, this method often brings somaclonal variation, especially polyploid frequency. Therefor we here concentrated to investigate the relationship between endopolyploidization patterns of explants and the occurrence of tetraploid variant in clonally proliferated Doritaenopsis via somatic embryo regeneration system. In the fully developed somatic embryo, upper part contained 2C to 16C while middle and lower parts showed 2C to 32C DNA content. Two-week-old embryo contained 2C to 16C, whereas those regenerated after 4 to 10-week-old contained 2C to 64C nuclei. Results showed that endoreduplication was variable depending upon tissue types, ages, and parts in one species. lower part of somatic embryo having high endoreduplication degree increased the regeneration of tetraploid variants by about 3-fold comparing to upper part of somatic embryo culture. polyploid frequency occurrence might be closely related to the high levels of endoreduplication of somatic embryos used as explant. It suggested that the upper part of somatic embryo having comparatively low endoreduplication degree is suitable for the stable in vitro propagation system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.80 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1991

Developmental micropropagation method and somatic embryogenesis for hybrid poplars, Populns ehrarnericana Eco28, P. nigra ${\times}$ P. moximowiczii 62-9, were established using nodule culture system. Calli of Eco28 and 62-9 clone were initiated from leaf explant on the medium with 0.5mg/l and 2.0mg/l 2, 4-D, respectively. Cell suspension culture was established from callus derived from leaf explant culture. When suspended on MS medium with optimal combination of BA and NAA fine nodules were obtained after 2 weeks of culture. For shoot regeneration, nodules were transferred into liquid and agar solidified medium. Numerous shoots were regenerated from nodules of 62-9 on liquid media. Organogenesis was effectively achieved on agar solidified regeneration media containing different concentrations of BA and adenine sulfate. Average numbers of 27 and 24 shoots per nodule were induced from 62-1 and Eco28 clones after 8 weeks of culture, respectively. In addition, somatic embryogenesis also occurred in the same regeneration medium. This procedure can be applied to vegetative propagation, utilization of somaclonal variation, production of secondary metabolite and materials of biotechnology research.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.413-418
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• 2010

A total of 424 plants was regenerated from the seed-culture of a rice cultivar, 'Ilpum'. The regenerated plants were grown in a greenhouse. The 297 plants with high fertility were selected among 424 plants. The harvested seeds from each plant were planted to each line at experiment field in 2008 and 2009. The each line was evaluated for the agronomic and morphological traits, also. The 64 lines (21.5%) showed significant differences in agronomic and morphological traits from donor cultivar 'Ilpum' among 297 lines. The heading date different from donor cultivar 'Ilpum' showed highest frequency in 297 lines, and accounts for 9.1% (29 lines). The phenotype of opaque endosperm and rolling leaf account for 1.7% and 1.3% in 297 lines, respectively. The genetic segregation was observed in dwarf/semi-dwarf, rolling leaf and opaque endosperm at $S_1$ generation, but not in $S_2$ generation. These results suggest that the mutant derived from a tissue-culture will be one of the promising genetic resources, due to its wide variation and high frequency of mutation, comparatively.