• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.97-103
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• 2017

Due to increased consumption and demand for oat-related foods and processed food, this study examined physicochemical properties, antioxidant activity, and ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of 5 Korean naked oat cultivars. Oat seeds had long-grain appearance in all cultivars except for Seonyang. The contents of main components such as protein, starch, and crude fat were significantly different among cultivars. The total ${\beta}-glucan$ content was 3.78-4.60% and the soluble ${\beta}-glucan$ ratio was 71-83%. Fatty acid composition was C18:1, C18:2, C16:0, C18:0, and C18:3. Unsaturated fatty acid (USFA) content was 75.4-81.2%. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethyl-benzo-thiaxoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activity were significantly different for each cultivar. Daeyang had the highest ${\beta}-glucan$, USFA content, and antioxidant activity. Protein content showed a negative correlation with starch content (r = -0.775). Antioxidant activity was positively correlated with total phenol content (r =0.760). Ash content and flour whiteness showed a positive correlation (r =0.732).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1634-1641
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• 2005

Generally, dietary fibre (DF) includes lignin, non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) and resistant starch (RS). In monogastric species, low levels of dietary fibre in the diet are associated with various diseases and high levels reduce nutrient digestibilities. In this study, the effects of different types and levels of NSP (soluble: $\beta$-glucan, insoluble cellulose) and resistant starch on mucin secretion and endogenous nitrogen and amino acid losses in pigs were investigated. A total of 25 five-week-old weaner pigs (9.5 kg${\pm}$1.5 kg), were randomly allocated to each of five experimental diets. Different levels of purified barley $\beta$-glucan (BG) extract (5 or 10% of $Glucagel^{(R)}$ $\beta$-glucan, providing 4 or 8% of BG in the diet), and resistant starch (RS) (8.3 or 16.6% of Hi-$Maize^{TM}$, providing 5 or 10% RS in the diet) were substituted for wheat starch in a purified diet in which enzymatically-hydrolysed casein was the sole source of protein. The diets were fed for 21 days. No statistically significant difference between treatments (p>0.05) was observed for growth performance and organs weights. No difference in ileal starch digestibility was observed between pigs on the cellulose or $\beta$-glucan diets. However, as the level of resistant starch in the diet increased the ileal starch digestibility decreased (p<0.05). The inclusion of resistant starch in the diet (5 or 10%) did not increase mucin production when compared with the cellulose-only diet. However, as the level of beta-glucan in the diet increased, both crude mucin in the digesta dry matter and per kg dry matter intake increased (p<0.05). Pigs fed the diet containing 8% of beta-glucan had higher endogenous loss flow than those fed the diets including 5 or 10% of resistant starch or 4% of $\beta$-glucan. In conclusion, dietary inclusion of resistant starch increased the level of starch reaching the large intestine without any effect on mucin secretion, or endogenous nitrogen or amino acid losses content in the small intestine. The addition of $\beta$-glucan to a diet containing cellulose increases both mucin secretion and endogenous amino acid and nitrogen losses in the small intestine.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.556-567
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• 2024

β-glucan, a polysaccharide found in various sources, exhibits unique physicochemical properties, yet its high polymerization limits clinical applications because of its solubility. Addressing this limitation, we introduce PPTEE-glycan, a highly purified soluble β-1,3/1,6-glucan derived from Aureobasidium pullulans. The refined PPTEE-glycan demonstrated robust immune stimulation in vitro, activated dendritic cells, and enhanced co-stimulatory markers, cytokines, and cross-presentation. Formulated as a PPTEE + microemulsion (ME), it elevated immune responses in vivo, promoting antigen-specific antibodies and CD8+ T cell proliferation. Intratumoral administration of PPTEE + ME in tumor-bearing mice induced notable tumor regression, which was linked to the activation of immunosuppressive cells. This study highlights the potential of high-purity Aureobasidium pullulans-derived β-glucan, particularly PPTEE, as promising immune adjuvants, offering novel avenues for advancing cancer immunotherapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.951-959
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• 2009

Most, if not all, Basidiomycetes mushrooms have biologically active polysaccharides showing potent antitumor activity with immunomodulating properties. These polysaccharides have various chemical compositions and belong primarily to the $\beta$-glucan group. In this study, the crude water-soluble polysaccharide HEF-P, which was obtained from the fruiting body of Hericium erinaceus by hot water extraction and ethanol precipitation, was fractionated by DEAE-cellulose and Sepharose CL-6B column chromatographies. This process resulted in four polysaccharide fractions, named HEF-NP Fr I, HEF-NP Fr II, HEF-AP Fr I, and HEF-AP Fr II. Of these fractions, HEF-AP Fr II was able to upregulate the functional events mediated by activated macrophages, such as production of nitric oxide and expression ofcytokines (IL-1${\beta}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$). The molecular mass of HEF-AP Fr II was estimated by gel filtration to be 13 kDa. Its structural characteristics were investigated by a combination of chemical and instrumental analyses, including methylation, reductive cleavage, acetylation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results indicate that HEF-AP Fr II is a low-molecular-mass polysaccharide with a laminarin-like triple helix conformation of a ${\beta}$-1,3-branched-${\beta}$-1,6-glucan.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2012

A key molecule in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the ${\beta}$-amyloid peptide ($A{\beta}$) generated by ${\beta}$-secretase activity, an aspartic protease. This study was designed to evaluate inhibitory effect of the high-molecular weight water-soluble polysaccharides (Et-P) isolated and purified from Phellinus linteus fruiting body on ${\beta}$-secretase activity. The Et-P was purified from the hot water extract of Phellinus linteus fruiting body mainly by 75% ethanol precipitation and DEAE-Cellulose column chromatography. From the DEAE-Cellulose chromato-gram and molecular weight analysis, the Et-P was shown to be a mixture of three polysaccharides with molecular mass of 1,629, 1,294, and 21 kDa, respectively. The monosaccharide composition of Et-P was determined to be glu-cose, galactose, and mannose as major sugars, glucose being the most prominent one (48% in mole percentage). The elemental analysis and FT-IR analysis suggested that Et-P is typical polysaccharides having at least partially ${\beta}$-linkages and possible existing as complex with phenolic compounds. The laminarinase digestion and HPAEC-PAD analysis suggested that Et-P is a variant of beta-(1,3)-glucans. The Et-P showed DPPH radical scavenging activity and, especially, a significant inhibitory activity on ${\beta}$-secreatase activity (48% inhibitin at 100 ${\mu}g/mL$), suggesting that they may inhibit the formation of $A{\beta}$ which is the major causative of Alzheimer's disease. The results of this study suggest that the water soluble polysaccharides of Phellinus linteus fruiting body can be a potent material for the development of preventive or therapeutic agents for AD.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.153-157
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the physicochemical characteristics, antioxidant capacities of Phellinus linteus and Ganoderma lucidum commercial tea products. The physicochemical characteristics included pH, Hunter's color values, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and ${\beta}$-glucan contents. The antioxidant capacities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, total phenolic contents (TPC), and total flavonoid contents (TFC). The pH, soluble solid contents, evaporation residues, and ${\beta}$-glucan contents were in the range of 4.43-7.05, $0.40-0.73^{\circ}Brix$, 62.04-258.84 mg/100 g, and 15.51-62.32 mg%, respectively. Hunter's color values (L, a, and b) indicated 41.76-55.02, -0.49-5.06, and 17.41-28.32, respectively. The antioxidant capacities showed $32.63-367.81{\mu}M$ GAE (DPPH radical scavenging activities), $321.86-1,035.19{\mu}M$ TE (FRAP), $703.50-1,091.83{\mu}M$ (ABTS radical scavenging activities), $286.56-916.00{\mu}M$ (TPC), and $85.33-635.33{\mu}M$ (TFC). Overall, P. linteus liquid tea 2 (PL2) and G. lucidum liquid tea 1 (GL1) showed high antioxidant capacities (p<0.05). The TPC and TFC were highly correlated with DPPH radical scavenging activities, FRAP, and ABTS radical scavenging activities (r=0.7298-0.9743), but the ${\beta}$-glucan contents were not correlated well with antioxidant activities tested (r=0.3146-0.6663).

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.165-170
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• 2011

The physicochemical properties and cooking quality of Saechalssal bori (25% pearled ratio), which is a naked waxy barley, were investigated. The amylose, insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF), total dietary fiber (TDF), and ${\beta}$-glucan contents of Saechalssal bori were 5.2, 10.8, 9.5, 20.3, and 3.7%, respectively. Pasting temperature, peak and final viscosity, and setback of Saechalssal bori were $66.5^{\circ}C$, 383.2, 231.3, and 55.6 RVU, respectively. The water absorption, expansibility, and soluble solid of Saechalssal bori were 232.2, 405.3, and 3.5%, respectively. As the ratio of water to grain increased, L value increased, whereas a and b values were decreased. The sensory evaluation showed that wateriness and overall acceptability increased with increasing ratio of water to grain, resulting in determining 2.1 times as the optimum ratio of water to grain. The cooked Saechalssal bori prepared using optimum condition had hardness (1.2 kg), cohesiveness (4.0), springiness (1.0), gumminess (5.1), chewiness (5.3), adhesiveness (0.2 kg), and A/H (0.8), respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.368-369
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• 2006

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.21 no.10
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• pp.1036-1042
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• 2011

The exopolysaccharide botryosphaeran ($EPS_{GLC}$; a ($1{\rightarrow}3$)($1{\rightarrow}6$)-${\beta}$-D-glucan from Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05) was sulfonated to produce a water-soluble fraction ($EPS_{GLC}$-S) using pyridine and chlorosulfonic acid in formamid. This procedure was then repeated twice to produce another fraction ($EPS_{GLC}$-RS) with a higher degree of substitution (DS, 1.64). The purity of each botryosphaeran sample (unsulfonated and sulfonated) was assessed by gel filtration chromatography (Sepharose CL-4B), where each polysaccharide was eluted as a single symmetrical peak. The structures of the sulfonated and re-sulfonated botryosphaerans were investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), and $^{13}C$ nuclear magnetic resonance ($^{13}C$ NMR) spectroscopies. $EPS_{GLC}$ and $EPS_{GLC}$-RS were also assayed for anticoagulation activity, and $EPS_{GLC}$-RS was identified as an anticoagulant.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.355-360
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• 2010

This experiment was focused to determine the effect of preharvest treatment of alkaine-reduced water (ARW) and $CaCl_2$ on the storage of oyster mushroom. ARW was prepared through electrolysis of water with $CaCl_2$ (0.1%) as salts and $CaCl_2$ (0.1%) was dissolved in deionized water. Mushrooms were harvested after two sprays of each solutions and quality factors including firmness and browning was determined during storage. The severity of browning was more greater when stored 20 days. Unlike $CaCl_2$, ARW containing 139 ug/L calcium was positive on maintaining freshness in terms of delay of firmness loss and respiration drop, keeping soluble carbohydrate content such as trehalose, and inhibiting the occurrence of browning. Browning, however, seemed to be more influenced by the developmental stage of mushroom at harvest. Even no significant difference was found, the level of ${\beta}$-glucan was low in ARW treatment compared to that of control. Further research including application and preparation methods of ARW is required to clarify the potential of ARW on keeping freshness of oyster mushroom through inhibiting tissue browning.