• 미생물학회지
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• 제55권1호
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• pp.46-51
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• 2019

이 연구에서는 유칼립투스, 유카와 차나무의 ethanol 추출물의 수지를 이용한 분획 혼합물에 대한 항균활성을 평가하였는데 여러 인간 피부 상재균에 낮은 최소저해농도(0.24~3.32 mg/ml)를 나타내었고 항생제 triclosan과 ampicillin보다 우수한 활성을 나타내었다. Time kill assay에서 식물 추출분획 혼합물은 4시간 이내에 미생물 균주의 개체수를 92% 이상 감소시켰고, 모든 미생물 균주의 뉴클레오티드를 상당량 유출시켰으며, 항균 효과는 이가 양이온($Mg^{2+}$과 $Ca^{2+}$)에 영향을 받지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 Eucalyptus sp., Yucca sp., 및 tea tree의 ethanol 추출물의 수지분획 혼합물이 중요한 인간 피부 상재균을 억제하는 효율적인 화장품 방부제로 이용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.437-445
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• 2021

Roughscale sole (Clidoderma asperrimum) is only wild caught because basic reproductive research on this species is lacking and gamete production in an artificial setting has not been successful. Exogenous hormone treatment has been used to induce gonadal maturation and final spermiation in wild-caught individuals. In this study, the effects of an exogenous hormone on spermiation in roughscale sole was investigated by implanting different concentrations of a salmon gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analog (sGnRH; 0, 25, 50, and 100 ㎍/kg body weight) into male fishes. The control group did not produce sperm after 21 days post-implantation, and the duration of spermiation was shorter compared to the other groups. The spermiation period and milt amount differed among the hormone-treated groups according to the hormone concentration used. Milt volumes in the groups treated with 25 and 100 ㎍/kg sGnRH increased compared to the control group, whereas exogenous hormone treatment had no effect on the movable sperm ratio. The spermatocrit was high at the beginning of spermiation in all groups and then tended to decrease gradually over time except in the experimental group treated with 100 ㎍/kg sGnRH. Plasma levels of testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone, 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one were not significantly affected by the sGnRH treatments. Our results demonstrate that it is possible to prolong the spermiation period and increase milt volume by treating male roughscale soles with an exogenous hormone. In addition, the artificial hormone treatment did not affect sperm motility.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2022

Purpose : This study aims to examine the effect of ego resilience and social support on test anxiety for university students majoring in occupational therapy and use the results as foundational data for program development that can reduce test anxiety. Methods : The study's subjects were 173 university students who understood the study's purpose and consented to participate in the study from March 7 to 25 in 2022. These students were in their second, third, and fourth years, majoring in occupational therapy at a four-year B university in A Metropolitan City and a three-year E College in D-gun C Province. Among them, those with missing data or indicated extreme values were excluded, and data from the final 168 students were studied. Results : The averages of test anxiety, ego resilience, and social support of university students majoring in occupational therapy were 3.06, 3.41, and 3.81, respectively. The factor that affected test anxiety was investigated. It was the school year in which the test anxiety of fourth-year students was significantly higher than that of second-year students. In addition, a positive attitude, which was one of the sub-factors of ego resilience, and support from friends and family, which were the sub-factors of social support, had a negative impact on test anxiety. Conclusion : The results of this study are as follows: First, it is necessary to conduct a study to verify the level of test anxiety of university students majoring in occupational therapy and the factors influencing them. Second, the operation and consultation of non-curricular programs that improve the ego resilience of university students should be conducted in universities and departments. Third, a measure to recognize support from surrounding environment and to ask for help from people around them should be required for university students majoring in occupational therapy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권6호
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• pp.1386-1396
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• 2021

Copper is an essential mineral for pigs, thus it is used as a feed additive in the forms of copper sulfate. Therefore, this study aimed at characterizing the fecal microbiota shifts in pigs as fed by different forms of copper supplementation. 40 growing pigs aged 73 ± 1 days with an average weight of 30.22 ± 1.92kg were randomly divided into 5 groups. The control group (CON) fed with basal diet, while treatment groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 100 ppm/kg of copper sulfate (CuSO₄), Cu-glycine complex (CuGly), Cu-amino acid complex (CuAA), and Cu-hydroxy(4methylthio)butanoate chelate complex (CuHMB) for 28 days of trial, respectively. The data presented the comparison between inorganic and organic copper supplementation through gut microbiota in growing pigs. Alpha and Beta diversity anaylsis resulted in copper supplementation did shifted gut microbioal community structure. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the most abundant phyla at all times regardless of treatment. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, and SMB53 of the CuGly and CuHMB groups were significantly higher than those of copper sulfate and basal diet groups. Overall, this study may provide the potential role of organic copper replacing inorganic copper, resulting in increased beneficial bacteria in the pig gut.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.953-967
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• 2022

The objective of this study was to determine effects of aging methods (wet-aged, dry-aged, and packaged dry-aged) during 60 d on quality traits and microbial characteristics of beef. Wet-aged beef was packed by vacuum packaging and stored in a 4℃ refrigerator. Dry-aged beef was used without packaging. Packaged dry-aged beef was packaged in commercial bags. Dry-aged and packaged dry-aged samples were stored in a meat ager at 2℃-4℃ with 85%-90% relative humidity. Meat color, crust thickness, aging loss, cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBSF), texture profile analysis, Torrymeter, meat pH, water activity, volatile basic nitrogen (VBN), thiobarbituric acid reactant substances (TBARS), and microbial analysis were measured or performed every 15 d until 60 d of aging time. Meat color changed significantly with increasing aging time. Differences in meat color among aging methods were observed. Aging losses of dry-aged and packaged dry-aged samples were higher than those of wet-aged samples. Wet-aged beef showed higher cooking loss, but lower WBSF than dry-aged and packaged dry-aged beef. VBN and TBARS showed an increasing tendency with increasing aging time. Differences of VBN and TBARS among aging methods were found. Regarding microbial analysis, counts of yeasts and molds were different among aging methods at the initial aging time. Packaged dry-aged and dry-aged beef showed similar values or tendency. Significant changes occurred during aging in all aging methods. Packaged dry aging and dry aging could result in similar quality traits and microbial characteristics of beef.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.928-941
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• 2022

This study aimed to analyze the microbiological composition and sensory characterization of fermented sausage using strains isolated from Kimchi (GK1, Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-GK1; NK3, P. pentosaceus SMFM2016-NK3), Doenjang (D1, Debaryomyces hansenii SMFM2021-D1), and spontaneously fermented sausage (S8, D. hansenii SMFM2021-S8; S6, Penicillium nalgiovense SMFM2021-S6). The control was commercial starter culture. Nine treatments were applied [GD (GK1+D1), GS (GK1+S8), GDS (GK1+D1+S8), ND (NK3+D1), NS (NK3+S8), NDS (NK3+D1+S8), GND (GK1+NK3+D1), GNS (GK1+NK3+S8), and GNDS (GK1+NK3+D1+S8)] by mixing lactic acid bacteria and yeast, and S6 was sprayed. The microbial composition of fermented sausage was analyzed [aerobic bacteria (AC), Lactobacillus spp. (LABC), Staphylococcus spp. (STPC), and yeast and mold (YMC)], and pH and electronic nose and tongue measurements were taken. The AC, LABC, STPC, and YMC values of the control and treatment groups tended to increase during fermentation (p>0.05). The STPC values of the GD, GS, ND, and GDS groups were similar to that of the control on day 3. The pH of the control on day 3 was significantly lower than that of the GD, ND, and GND groups (p<0.05). Higher levels of 4-methylpentanol, 2-furanmethanol, and propyl nonanoate, which provide a "fermented" flavor, were detected in the GD group compared to in the control and other treatment groups. GD and ND groups showed higher umami values than the control and other treatment groups. Therefore, it is expected that GD can be valuable as a starter culture unique to Korea when manufacturing fermented sausage.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2023

In this study, the problem of the idleness of public buildings in rural areas is seriously emerging, but there are no clear standards for assessing the utilization of these buildings. Therefore, this study endeavors to investigate the actual state of idleness of buildings created by rural area development projects based on the criteria for each type. As part of this study, rural facilities were selected in two locations in Sangju City and Miryang City among the target areas of the Rural Agreement. Utilization evaluation criteria were developed to identify the conditions of underutilization. In order to determine the utilization pattern for each facility type, an in-depth interview with the operator and an inspection of the facility were conducted. Based on the analysis, the degree of utilization (e.g., low use, non-use, etc.) was different for each facility type, and among the four facility types (rural tourism, culture and welfare, exercise and recreation, income-based), rural tourism was rated as the least efficient. It has been found that the operating entity's capacity has a significant influence on the utilization of facilities. Socioeconomic factors, such as a decrease in utilization rates, are greatly influenced by the operating entity's capacity. Therefore, support from local governments as well as the national level is required to recycle idle facilities. Lastly, this study suggests the need for different standards for utilization, depending on the type of facility. This moves beyond checking the degree of idleness by the same standard that was previously implemented.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2023

Antibiotics have been used in livestock production for not only treatment but also for increasing the effectiveness of animal feed, aiding animal growth, and preventing infectious diseases at the time when immunity is lowered due to stress. South Korea and the EU are among the countries that have prohibited the use of antibiotics for growth promotion in order to prevent indiscriminate use of antibiotics, as previous studies have shown that it may lead to increase in cases of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Therefore, this study evaluated the number of antibiotic resistance genes in piglets staging from pre-weaning to weaning. Fecal samples were collected from 8 piglets just prior to weaning (21 d of age) and again one week after weaning (28 d of age). Total DNA was extracted from the 200 mg of feces collected from the 8 piglets. Whole metagenome shotgun sequencing was carried out using the Illumina Hi-Seq 2000 platform and raw sequence data were imported to Metagenomics Rapid Annotation using Subsystem Technology (MG-RAST) pipeline for microbial functional analysis. The results of this study did not show an increase in antibiotic-resistant bacteria although confirmed an increase in antibiotic-resistant genes as the consequence of changes in diet and environment during the experiment.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권1호
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• pp.197-208
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a traditional dry period (60 d) versus a no dry period (0 d) on the milk production, physiological response, and metabolic status of dairy cows exposed to heat stress during the transition period. Holstein dairy cows (n = 15) with similar expected calving dates were randomly assigned to two different dry period lengths: (1) no dry period (n = 7) and (2) a traditional dry period of 60 days (n = 8). All cows were studied from 8 weeks before expected calving to 10 weeks after calving and experienced heat stress during the transition period. The results showed that cows with no dry period decreased their milk yield in subsequent lactation, but compensated for the loss of milk yield accounted for by additional milk yield before calving. The energy balance at postpartum was improved in cows with no dry period compared to cows with a traditional dry period. There were no significant differences in the physiological response and blood metabolites at postpartum between the dry period lengths of dairy cows exposed to heat stress during the transition period. Taken together, our results showed that omitting the dry period improved the milk production and metabolic status of dairy cows exposed to heat stress during the transition period.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.143-143
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• 2022

Plant defense systems against pathogens have been studied extensively and are currently a hot topic in plant science. Using a reverse genetics technique, this study looked into the involvement of the NO-downregulated NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily gene in plant growth and defense in Arabidopsis thaliana. For this purpose, the knockout and overexpressing plant of the candidate gene along with the relevant controls were exposed to control, oxidative and nitro-oxidative stresses. The results showed that candidate gene negatively regulates plants' root and shoot lengths. To investigate the role of the candidate gene in plant basal defense, R-gene-mediated resistance and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) plants were challenged with virulent or avirulent strains of Pseudomonas syringae pathovar tomato (Psf) DC3000. The results showed that the candidate gene negatively regulates plants' basal defense, R-gene-mediated resistance and SAR. Further characterization via GO analysis associated the candidate gene with metabolic and cellular processes and response to light stimulus, nucleotide binding and cellular location in the cytosol and nucleus. Protein structure analysis indicated the presence of a canonical Oxidoreductase family NAD (P)-binding Rossmann fold domain of 120 amino acids with a total of 121 plant homologs across 35 different plant species in the clad streptophyta. Arabidopsis eFP browser showed its expression in almost all the above-ground parts. Protein analysis indicated C225 and C359 as potential targets for S-Nitrosylation by NO. SMART analysis indicated possible interactions with mevalonate/galactokinase, galacturonic acid kinase, arabinose kinase, putative xylulose kinase, GroES-like zinc-binding alcohol dehydrogenase and various glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases.