• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.209-213
• /
• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the changes in soil chemical properties and yields of crops by rice-soybean rotation cropping system at silt loam soil. There were 4 rotation cropping systems; continuous rice cultivation, annual, biennial and triennial rotation of soybean and rice. There were little change in pH, organic matter, $Ca^{2+}$ and $K^+$ contents with decrease in available phosphate content in the continuous rice cropping. The cropping system of soybean-rice caused to increase in available $P_2O_5$, $K^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ in the soil after harvest. Content of $NH_4-N$ in the soil also increased after the rotation of soybean than the continuous rice cropping in the soil during the rice growth period. These chemical change in the soil caused to increase rice growth in number of the panicles and the spikelet per square meter. The yield of rice was increased by the rotation with soybean, and was gradually increased in the triennial rotation of soybean and rice. But the yield of soybean was decreased in continuous cultivation for two or three years in the paddy field. It was recommended for annual rotation to prevent the yield of soybean from decrease.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
• /
• v.27 no.2
• /
• pp.133-138
• /
• 2008

Fire can affect microbial community structure of soil through altered environmental conditions, nutrient availability, and biotic source for microbial re-colonization. We examined the influence of fire on chemical properties and soil enzyme activities of soil for 10 months. We also characterized the soil microbial community structure through ester-linked fatty acid analysis(EL-FAME). For this study, we established five burned plots(1*1 m) and 5 unburned plots outside the margin of fire. Soil was sampled three soil cores in a each plots and composited for analysis at 1, 3, 5, 8, and 10 month after fire. The fire caused an increase in soil pH, exchangeable Ca, and Mg, organic matter, available $P_2O_5$ compared to unburned sites. The content of $NH_4-N$ in burned site was significantly higher than that of unburned site and this effect continued for 8 months after fire. There was no difference of $NO_3-N$ content in soil between burned and unburned site. Fire caused no change in acid phosphatase and arylsulfatase activities but $\beta$-glucosidase and alkaline phosphatase activities in burned site were increased compared to unburned site. Microbial biomass as estimated by total concentration of EL-FAMEs in burned sites was significantly higher than that of unburned sites at one month after fire. Burned site decreased the EL-FAMEs indicative of gram-positive bacteria and tended to increase the fatty acid associated with gram-negative bacteria at one and three months after fire. The sum of EL-FAME compound $18:2{\omega}6,9c$ and $18:1{\omega}9c$ as served fungal biomarkers was decreased in burned site compared to unburned site.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.102 no.3
• /
• pp.323-330
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to know the effect of major physical-chemical characteristics of soil to be in the area of indigenous and naturalized plant in the sand dune of the western coastal area of Korea. The study was performed on the sand dunes distributed across Taean-gun and Buan-gun and the study period was from April to October in 2010. Sixty nine of $5m{\times}5m$ study plots were installed and the distribution of plants were investigated. We measured the soil characteristics including soil pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available $P_2O_5$, soil cation exchange capacity, exchangeable cation, EC and NaCl. As a result, soil texture was classified as sand, in case of average pH, NaCl, and EC of soil to be in the area of indigenous herbaceous plant were 7.77, 0.03% and $0.52ds.m^{-1}$, indigenous woody plant of the mean pH, NaCl and EC were 7.31, 0.01%, $0.23ds.m^{-1}$. In case of naturalized herbaceous plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.12, 0.01%, $0.29ds.m^{-1}$, naturalized woody plant of the mean soil pH, NaCl and EC were 7.34, 0.01%, $0.20ds.m^{-1}$ respectively. On average, naturalize plants showed in low salinity concentration than indigenous plants.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.239-259
• /
• 1993

The vegetation types and distributional characteristics of the forest vegetation on Mt. Ilwol were investigated by the Z-M school method. Geographical distribution of the vegetation was a central/montane(CEMO) type of the Korean Peninsula subtype. The forest was classified into five vegetation units: Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae (Artemisio-Quercetum typicum subass. nov., Artemsio-Quercetum pinetosum dens~florae subass. nov. ). Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae (Lychno-Quercetum Calamagrostetosum arundinaceae subass. nov.. Lychno-Quercetum ligularetosum f~scherii subass. nov.), Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, Quercus variabilis community and Larix leptolepis afforestation. Species with percentage constance degree more than 61% are Quercus mongolica (89.5%, V), Lespedeza maximowiczii (73.7%, IV), Isodon japonicus(73.7%, IV), Fraxinus rhynchophylla (68.%, IV), Arlemisia stolonifera (65, 8%, IV), etc. Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae was chiefly distributed on the ridge lines of low altitudes (570~700m) and on the ground with exposed rocks in sloping surface (800~1, 000m). Both Fraxinus sievoldiana and Rhododendrou schlippenbachii of the Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae showed a predominant condition all over the subtree and shrub layers. Of Artemisio-Quercetum pinetosum densifloraes, Pinus densiflora becomes powerful over the tree layer and, on the other hand, Quercus mongolica over the subtree layer. Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae was distributed somewhat on the humid region of the high altitude area (840~1.200m). Fraxinus rhynchophylla community was chiefly distributed in the vicinity of the ravines. Quereus rariabilis community was distributed at subxeric slope on southeast side of the mountain. Larix leptolepis has been reforested at the ecotone between Artemisio-Quercetum mongolicae and Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae. Percentage cover degrees of the subtree layer In Lychno-Quercetum mongolicae, Quereus rariabilis community and Larix leptolepis afforestation were relatively low, 15.3%, 5% and 2.5%, respectively.The contents of moisutre and organic matter in the soil were much higher in Luchno-Quercetum monogolicae and Larix leptolepis afforestaion than in the other communities. Contents o Ca, Mg, K and the available phosphorus were relaively high compared with forests of the other area. This result seems to be influenced by a forest fire. As the altitude increases, the moisure content in the forest soil also increases.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.71-81
• /
• 2009

Food waste has been actively used as a composting material in order to reduce the environmental pollution load and to enhance the recycling of resources. In this study, the longterm effects of continuous application of food waste compost to soils on both the crop production and the soil properties were examined to ensure the safety of food waste compost in agricultural use. In addition, we collected the preliminary data for establishing standard application rate of food waste compost for agricultural utilization. Based on conventional nitrogen application rate of chemical fertilizer for crop cultivation, pig manure compost $(24g\;N\;kg^{-1}$, $8g\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$, and $10.4g\;K_2O\;kg^{-1})$ and food waste compost ($20g\;N\;kg^{-1}$, $20.1g\;P_2O_5\;kg^{-1}$, and $6.5g\;K_2O\;kg^{-1}$) were applied to the upland soil in $2{\times}2{\times}2m$ lysimeter in which lettuce (Lactuca sativa var. crispa), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. pekinensis), red pepper (Capsicum annuum), and potato (Solanum tuberosum) were grown continuously. The crops grown in soils to which food waste compost applied showed better growth responses than the control, whereas some variations were observed in the crops grown in chemical fertilizer treated soils. Continuous application of food waste compost increased the contents of organic matter, nitrogen, and phosphorus, which resulted in improving soil aeration.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.493-497
• /
• 2000

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the possibility of using basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag as soil conditioner in soybean upland field. In 1997, soybean (Glycine max L. cv. Eunha) crop was cultivated under different application rates of BOF slag at an experimental field of Chonnam Rural Development Administration in Nampyung, Najoo city. Five treatments, four application rates of BOF slag (0, 4, 8, $12Mg\;ha^{-1}$) and one application rate of lime ($2Mg\;ha^{-1}$) were tried with three replications. Plant height and shoot dry weight per plant were measured five times during the growth period. Chemical contents of soybean plant tissues and soil were also measured at the same sampling date. Yield were estimated by harvesting $6.6m^2$ per experimental unit and yield components were measured by sampling 10 plants per experimental unit at the harvest date. In upland soil, application of BOF slag rarely affected contents of total nitrogen, organic matter, available phosphate and potassium in soil. Soil pH, and contents of Ca and Fe in soil became higher as BOF slag rate increased. Enhancement of soil pH by application of BOF slag appeared to be closely related with increase in soil Ca content. Application rate of $2Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of lime showed almost the same effect in increase of soil Ca content as application rate of $4{\sim}8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ of BOF slag. Slag treatment hardly affected the contents of total nitrogen, $P_2O_5$, CaO, $K_2O$ and MgO in the shoot of soybean plants. Soybean plants under treatments of BOF salg showed better growth from the earlier growth stage compared with those of control treatment, and at the later growth stage, their growth was even superior to that of lime treatment. BOF slag rate of $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$ showed the highest soybean yield with $1,232kg\;ha^{-1}$. which was $330kg\;ha^{-1}$ or 37% higher than the yield of control with $902kg\;ha^{-1}$, As a result, BOF slag appeared to be useful material as a soil conditioner as well as nurient source for Ca and Fe in upland soybean fields, and its optimal rate for higher yield seemed to be around $8Mg\;ha^{-1}$.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.39 no.6
• /
• pp.334-338
• /
• 2006

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of improvement of soil physical properties such as deep plowing, subsoil breaking and diagnostic fertilization on the yield of rice and nitrogen-use efficiency in direct seeding on flooded paddy surface of rice. The effects of deep plowing, subsoil breaking and diagnostic application of N, P, K fertilizers, Latex coated urea(LCU), compost, silicate were investigated. The soil physical properties, such as bulk density, hardness and porosity were improved and the content of organic matter and available $SiO_2$ were also increased by deep plowing and subsoil breaking. The amount of $NH_4-N$ in soil was highly increased by diagnostic fertilization and deep plowing at 5th leaf stage. The nitrogen-use efficiency was the highest at the diagnostic application of LCU 70% applied as basal dressing with subsoil breaking. The yield of rice increased by 8% under the diagnostic application of LCU 70% applied as basal dressing with subsoil breaking compared with the conventional application.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.47 no.4
• /
• pp.282-289
• /
• 2023

Background: As wildlife habitats are being destroyed and growth environments are changing, the survival of animals and plants is under threat. Epilobium hirsutum L., a species that inhabits wetlands, has held legally protected status since 2012. However, no specific measures are currently in place to protect its habitat, leading to a decline in remaining populations as a result of land use change and human activities. Results: The growth environment (including location, climate, land use, soil, and vegetation) of the five habitat sites (Samcheok, Taebaek1, Taebaek2, Cheongsong, Ulleung) of E. hirsutum L. was investigated and analyzed. These habitats were predominantly situated in flat areas with gentle south-facing slopes, at an average altitude of 452.7 m (8-726 m) above sea level in Gangwon-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do. The average annual temperature ranged 11.5℃ (9.2℃-12.9℃), whereas the average annual precipitation ranged 1,304.5 mm (1,062.7-1,590.7 mm). The surrounding land use status was mainly characterized by mountainous areas, and human interference, such as agricultural land and roads, was commonly found in proximity to these natural habitats. Soil physicochemical analysis revealed that the soil was predominantly sandy loam with a slightly high sand content. The average pH measured 7.64, indicating an alkaline environment, and electrical conductivity (EC) averaged 0.33 dS/m. Organic matter (OM) content averaged 66.44 g/kg, available phosphoric acid (P₂O₅) content averaged 115.73 mg/kg, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) averaged 23.43 cmolc/kg. The exchangeable cations ranged 0.09-0.43 cmol⁺/kg for potassium (K), 10.23-16.21 cmol⁺/kg for calcium (Ca), 0.67-4.94 cmol⁺/kg for magnesium (Mg), and 0.05-0.74 cmol⁺/kg for sodium (Na). The vegetation type was categorized as E. hirsutum community with high numbers of E. hirsutum L., Persicaria thunbergii (Siebold & Zucc.) H. Gross, Phragmites japonica Steud., Humulus japonicus (Siebold & Zucc.), and Bidens frondosa L.. An ecological flora analysis, including the proportion of lianas, naturalized plants, and annual herbaceous plants, revealed that the native habitat of E. hirsutum L. was ecologically unstable. Conclusions: Analysis of the habitat of E. hirsutum L., a class II endangered wildlife species, provided essential data for local conservation and restoration efforts.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.11-15
• /
• 1997

The importance value and volume growth percentage, based on the data obtained from 33 quadrats by $relev{\acute{e}}$ method of Mueller-Dombois and Ellenberg, were applied to investigate Pinus thunbergii forests in Taean Haean National Park. The investigation was done from July till September 1996. 1. The dominant species of tree were found in the order of Pinus thunbergii, Quercus dentata, Robinia pseudcacacia, Platycarya strobilacea, Carpinus coreana, Albizzia julibrissin, Pinus densi-thunbergii, and Quercus serrata 2. The volume growth percentage of Pinus thunbergii was about 0.6%~10.5% and the mean of it's was 3.8%. 3. Chemical properties of forest soil showed ranging pH 4.8~6.3, organic matter 1.51~11.79%, $P_2O_5$ 2.5~14.5ppm, $Ca^{{+}{+}}$ 1.3~6.6(me/100g), $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ 0.4~2.6(me/100g), and $K^+$ 0.23~1.89(me/100g).

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
• /
• v.13 no.3
• /
• pp.188-194
• /
• 2000

This study was carried out to obtain the optimum cultivation conditions of wild ornamental plant resources, Dicentra spectabilis L. The altitude of the habitat was ranged from 630m to 690m in Mt. Gujeol. Most of the habitat faced toward the northeast aspect and the gradient was ranged from 25 to 33 degrees. The light intensity of Dicentra community was 14,000lux on the average, and it was tendency to decrease by foliation of other woody plants. The appearance number of Dicentra per quadrat was 30 individuals on the average, and total appearance species in all quadrat surveyed was 52 taxa. Among them, Quercus mongolica, Lindera obtusiloba, Corylus heterophylla, Cornus controversa, woody plants, Corydalis speciosa, Pseudostellaria heterophylla, Artemisia keiskeana, Dryopteris crassirhizoma, Arisaema amurense var. serratum, Carex siroumensis, and Chloranthus japonicus, herbaceous plants, were showed as dominant species. Soil acidity in the habitat was 5.15 to 5.96, and average content of soil moisture was 32.6%. The contents of average organic matter, $P_2O_5$, K, Ca, and Mg were 1.99%, 14mg/kg, 0.55me/100g, 15.2me/100g, and 3.3me/100g, respectively. Electron conductivity was ranged from 0.50 to 0.76dS/m. Also, the average air temperature of May and June was 14.2$^{\circ}C$ and 19.4$^{\circ}C$, respectively.