• 한국자기학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2005

환경정화 등의 기능성을 부여할 수 있는 고분자자성체가 토양 오염물처리에 사용될 수 있는지 여부를 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서는 수산화기를 지닌 마이크로 고분자자성체를 분체로 걸러진 토양$(<0.025{\cal}mm)$, 물과 함께 혼합하고 교반시킨 후 1.2 Tesla의 자력을 지닌 자석으로 자성체를 분리하였다. 이때 고려되어진 인자는 토양과 고분자자성체의 비율, 토양과 물의 비율, 반응용기의 크기 그리고 자력의 크기였다. 토양과 고분자자성체의 분리실험 결과, 고분자자성체와 물의 양이 분리도에 영향을 미친 반면 반응용기의 크기와 자력은 이 소규모의 실험에서 별다른 영향이 없었다. 본 실험을 통하여 전체적으로 반응조건을 최적화시켜 $90{\~}100{\%}$의 분리도를 달성할 수 있었다. 이로서 기능성고분자를 환경 처리에 적용함에 있어서, 수처리 뿐만 아니라 토양처리에도 사용이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(II)
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• pp.170-175
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• 2003

The ASCE formula of pipeline' soil interaction force is the basis of semi-analytical relationship for buried pipelines subjected to longitudinal permanent ground deformation due to seismic induced liquefaction. However, since the ASCE formula has been developed based on the stiffness of non-liquefied region, it is needed to modify for the varied stiffness of liquefied region. With this object, the consideration of decreasing effect of soil stiffness in liquefied region is made: i.e. the spatial distributions of pipeline. soil interaction force in liquefied region. It means that the improved formula can reflect various patterns of permanent ground deformation more realistically. Through the comparative analyses using both the improved and ASCE formula, the applicability of the improved, the limitation of the existing formula and semi-analytical relationship are discussed.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2002년도 추계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.114-122
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• 2002

The ASCE formula of lifeline.soil interaction force is the basis of semi-analytical relationship for buried pipelines subjected to longitudinal permanent ground deformation due to seismic induced liquefaction. However, since the ASCE formula has been developed based on the stiffness of non-liquefied region, it is needed to modify for the varied stiffness of liquefied region. With this object, the consideration of decreasing effect of soil stiffness in liquefied region is made: i.e. the spatial distributions of pipeline-soil interaction force in liquefied region. It means that the improved formula can reflect various patterns of permanent ground deformation more realistically. Through the comparative analyses using both the improved and ASCE formula, the applicability of the improved and the limitation of the ASCE formula and semi-analytical relationship are discussed. Also, relative influences of various parameters are evaluated for the clarification of behavior of pipeline subjected to longitudinal permanent ground deformation due to liquefaction.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.309-320
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• 2018

In this paper, a numerical study using finite element method with considering soil-structure interaction was conducted to investigate the stress and deformation behavior of a sheet pile wall structure. In numerical model, one of the nonlinear elastic material constitutive models, Duncan-Chang E-v model, is used for describing soil behavior. The hard contact constitutive model is used for simulating the behavior of interface between the sheet pile wall and soil. The construction process of excavation and backfill is simulated by the way of step loading. We also compare the present numerical method with the in-situ test results for verifying the numerical methods. The numerical analysis showed that the soil excavation in the lock chamber has a huge effect on the wall deflection and stress, pile deflection, and anchor force. With the increase of distance between anchored bars, the maximum wall deflection and anchor force increase, while the maximum wall stress decreases. At a low elevation of anchored bar, the maximum wall bending moment decreases, but the maximum wall deflection, pile deflection, and anchor force both increase. The construction procedure with first excavation and then backfill is quite favorable for decreasing pile deflection, wall deflection and stress, and anchor forces.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.477-487
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• 2024

The interaction between multiple structures through the supporting soil media, known as structure-soil-structure interaction (SSSI), has become an increasingly important issue due to rapid urbanization. There is a need to investigate the effect of SSSI on the structural response of buildings compared to non-interaction analysis (NIA) and soil-structure interaction (SSI) analysis. In the present study, two identical 4-bay×4-bay, three-story RCC buildings are modeled adjacent to each other with a soil domain beneath it to investigate the effect of SSSI on the forces experienced by footings under gravity and seismic load cases. The ANSYS software is used for modeling various non-interaction and interaction models which work on the principle of FEM. The results indicate that in most of the footings, the SSSI effect causes a significant redistribution of forces compared to SSI and NIA under both gravity and seismic load cases. The maximum interaction effect is observed on the footings that are closer to the adjacent building. The axial force, shear force and bending moment values on these footings show that SSI causes a significant increase in these values compared to non-interaction analysis but the presence of adjacent building relieves these forces significantly.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2015

Response spectra of a building are made with a SDOF system taking into account a first mode shape, even though higher modes may affect on the dynamic responses of a high-rise building. A soft soil layer under a building also affects on the responses of a building. In this study, seismic responses of a MDOF system were investigated to examine the effects of higher modes on the response of a tall building by comparing them with those of a SDOF system including the kinematic interaction effect. Study was performed using a pseudo 3D finite element program with seven bedrock earthquake records downloaded from the PEER database. Effects of higher modes on the seismic responses of a tall building were investigated for base shear force and base moment of a MDOF system including story shear forces and story moments. Study results show that higher modes of a MDOF system contribute to a reduction of base shear force up to 1/4-1/5 of KBC and base moment. The effect of higher modes is more significant on the base shear force than on the base moment. Maximum story shear force and moment occurred at the top part of a building rather than at a base in the cases of tall buildings differently from short buildings, and higher modes of a tall building affected on the base forces making them almost constant at the base. A soft soil layer also affects some on the base shear force of a high-rise building independently on the soft soil type, but a soft soil effect is prominent on the base moment.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.577-595
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• 2023

A dynamic triaxial discrete element numerical model of lightweight soil was established using the discrete element method to study the microscopic mechanism of expanded polystyrene (EPS) particles in the soil under cyclic loading. The microscopic parameters of the discrete element model of the lightweight soil were calibrated depending on the dynamic triaxial test hysteresis curves. Based on the calibration results, the effects of the EPS particles volume ratio and amplitude on the contact force, displacement field, and velocity field of the lightweight soil under different accumulated strains were studied. The results showed that the hysteresis curves of lightweight soil exhibit nonlinearity, hysteresis, and strain accumulation. The strain accumulated in remolded soil is mainly tensile strain, and that in lightweight soil is mainly compressive strain. As the volume ratio of EPS particles increased, the contact force first increased and then decreased, and the displacement and velocity of the particles increased accordingly. With an increase in amplitude, the dynamic stress of the particle system increased, and the accumulation rate of the dynamic strain of the samples also increased. At 5% compressive strain, the contact force of the particles changed significantly and the number of particles deflected in the direction of velocity also increased considerably. These results indicated that the cemented structure of the lightweight soil began to fail at a compressive strain of 5%. Thus, a compressive strain of 5% is more reasonable than the dynamic strength failure standard of lightweight soil.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 단독말뚝의 주변에서 실시되는 터널의 굴착이 지반 및 말뚝에 미치는 영향을 3차원 수치해석을 통하여 분석하였다. 수치해석에서는 말뚝과 주변지반 사이에 경계면요소를 이용하여 소성항복 발생조건을 모델링하였다. 수치해석을 통하여 풍화토 및 풍화암에 시공된 터널과 말뚝의 상호거동에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 수치해석을 통해 말뚝의 침하, 말뚝과 지반 경계면에서의 상대변위, 전단응력 및 말뚝의 축력변화를 분석하였다. 특히 터널의 굴착과 관련된 전단응력의 전이과정에 대한 심도있는 분석을 실시하였다. 터널굴착에 의한 말뚝-지반 경계면에서 상대변위의 변화로 인하여 말뚝에 작용하는 전단응력 및 축력의 분포가 변하게 된다. 말뚝 본체 대부분에서는 상향의 전단응력이 발생하는 반면(Z/L=0.0-0.8), 말뚝선단부근에서는(Z/L=0.8-1.0) 하향의 전단응력이 발생하여 말뚝에 인장력이 발생된다. 수치해석을 통해서 터널굴착이 말뚝 거동에 미치는 영향을 상세하게 분석하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 2006

Draft control is key technique in plow control system for automation of implement control system. To make the consistent draft force is an essential factor for preventing the reduction of working efficiency by tractor's slip and also improving the working efficiency. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop the draft sensor for draft control of plow and evaluate the usability of the algorithm of draft control system using proportional control valve. The developed draft control system could extract the draft force very well regardless of draft condition, change of setting draft force and response time in the response characteristic test. The maximum draft force at 3-Point linkage was 10,000 N and the deviation of the control system was 125.8 N in steady state condition. The developed control system worked very well with regard to the change of draft force in field and even in soil condition with soil reaction. The results of experiment showed the characteristics of response was sufficient to be used as the implement draft control system for tractor using proportional valve.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.435-449
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• 2022

In this paper, unreinforced and geogrid-reinforced soil foundations were modeled by discrete element method and this performed under surface strip footing loads. The effects of horizontal position of geogrid, vertical position, thickness, number, confining pressure have been investigated on the footing settlement and propagation of tensile force along the geogrids. Also, interaction between rectangular tunnel and strip footing with and without presence of geogrid layer has been analyzed. Experimental results of the literature were used to validation of relationships between the numerically achieved footing pressure-settlement for foundations of reinforced and unreinforced soil. Models and micro input parameters which used in the numerical modelling of reinforced and unreinforced soil tunnel were similar to parameters which were used in soil foundations. Model dimension was 1000 mm* 600 mm. Normal and shear stiffness of soils were 5*10⁵ and 2.5 *10⁵ N/m, respectively. Normal and shear stiffness of geogrid were 1*10⁹ and 1*10⁹ N/m, respectively. Loading rate was 0.001 mm/sec. Micro input parameters used in numerical simulation gain by try and error. In addition of the quantitative tensile force propagation along the geogrids, the footing settlements were visualized. Due to collaboration of three layers of geogrid reinforcements the bearing capacity of the reinforced soil tunnel was greatly improved. In such practical reinforced soil formations, the qualitative displacement propagations of soil particles in the soil tunnel and the quantitative vertical displacement propagations along the soil layers/geogrids represented the geogrid reinforcing impacts too.