• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.5-16
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 지금까지 수행한 일련의 결과들에 근거한 지반력 계수와 극한 지반반력을 역해석적 방법으로 결정하고 이를 이용하여 비균질 지반에서의 비선형 수평거동을 예측할 수 있는 해석기법을 제안하고자 함이 목적이다. Chang이 제안한 해석기법은 비균질 지반의 비선형적인 거동을 예측하기에는 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 말뚝의 비선형 거동 예측을 위하여 Chang 모델에 p - y 곡선을 적용하는 복합적인 해석기법을 제안하고 해석 프로그램을 개발하였다. 그리고 본 해석기법의 적용성 검증을 위하여 모형실험 및 현장실험 결과와 상용 프로그램인 Pentagon2D을 이용한 해석 결과와 비교 검토하였다. 해석상에 이용한 지반반력 계수와 극한 지반반력은 균질지반에서 결정된 값을 비균질 지반에 적용하였으며, 본 해석기법에 의한 거동 예측결과는 모형실험 결과와 잘 일치하였다. 또한 현장실험과의 비교에서도 정도 높은 일치성을 보였다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.976-984
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• 2009

This study proposes a simple method that uses a simple mass-spring model to predict the natural frequency of a soil-pile-structure system in sandy soil. This model includes a pair of matrixes, i.e., a mass matrix and a stiffness matrix. The mass matrix is comprised of the masses of the pile and superstructure, and the stiffness matrix is comprised of the stiffness of the pile and the spring coefficients between the pile and soil. The key issue in the evaluation of the natural frequency of a soil-pile system is the determination of the spring coefficient between the pile and soil. To determine the reasonable spring coefficient, subgrade reaction modulus, nonlinear p-y curves and elastic modulus of the soil were utilized. The location of the spring was also varied with consideration of the infinite depth of the pile. The natural frequencies calculated by using the mass-spring model were compared with those obtained from 1-g shaking table model pile tests. The comparison showed that the calculated natural frequencies match well with the results of the 1-g shaking table tests within the range of computational error when the three springs, whose coefficients were calculated using Reese's(1974) subgrade reaction modulus and Yang's (2009) dynamic p-y backbone curves, were located above the infinite depth of the pile.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2006

Phenanthrene 오염토양 정화를 위한 동전기-펜턴 공정에서, 전해질의 종류와 전극반응에 따른 전기삼투유량의 변화와 오염물의 분해율을 관찰하였다. 전압경사는 초기에 감소하였다가 다시 증가하였는데, 이는 전류가 공급됨에 따라 이 온이 토양 내로 유입되어 전도도가 증가하였다가, 전기삼투 및 전기이동 현상에 의해 이온이 유출수를 통하여 빠져 나가 토양 내의 이온 농도가 다시 감소하여 전도도가 감소하였기 때문이다 총 전기삼투유량은 $NaCl>KH_2PO_4>MgSO_4$의 순서로 나타났는데, 이는 같은 몰농도(M)에서 $MgSO_4$의 이온세기가 다른 전해질보다 높았기 때문이다. 과산화수소를 첨가했을 경우는, 첨가하지 않은 경우보다 펜턴 반응에 의한 산화분해로 제거율이 향상되었다. NaCl의 경우, 양극 전극조에서 전극 반응에 의해 생성된 염소 가스($Cl_2$)가 산성조건에서 용해되어 형성된 하이포아염소산 (HClO)이 오염물의 산화분해를 증가시켜 다른 전해질보다 높은 제거율을 나타내었다. 따라서 동전기-펜턴 공정에서 제거율을 향상시키기 위해서는, 전해질이 토양 내에서 동전기적 이동 메커니즘에 미치는 영향과 더불어 양극 전극조에서의 전극 반응에 의한 생성물의 특성 또한 고려되어야 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2001

For the remediation of the contaminated soil with heavy metals, Cd, Cr, Cu, and Pb, the reaction parameters were optimized. Tartaric acid (TA) and oxalic acid(OA) as a washing agent and recovery of metals, The optimum washing conditions of TA and OA were in the ratio of 1 : 20 between soil and acid solution during 2hr reaction under unbuffered pH solutions. At the optimized reaction conditions, the removal efficiencies were compared with that of 0.1 M HCl and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid(EDTA). TA showed higher efficiency on the removal of Pb than that of EDTA, which established for the remediation of contaminated soil with Pb and Cd metals. The recovery of metal ions from washing solution was achieved by adding calcium hydroxide and sodium sulfide by forming the precipitation of metal hydroxide and metal slfied. Optimum amounts of sodium sulgide and calcium hydroxide were Cd = 25g/$\ell$, Cu = 5~10g/$\ell$ and Pb = 5~10g/$\ell$ for the washing solution of OA and 2~5g/$\ell$ for the washing solution of TA, respectively. The amounts of $Na_2S$ and $CA(OH)_2$ for the tartaric acid was less than that of oxalic acid.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 동전기-펜턴 공정을 이용한 phenanthrene 오염토양 정화의 타당성을 확인하기 위해서, 토양 시스템 내에서 전기삼투흐름에 의한 과산화수소의 이동과 펜턴유사 반응에 의한 phenanthrene의 산화분해 양상을 살펴보았다. 10 mA와 5 mA의 두 가지 전류 조건 중에서, 10 mA일 때 더 높은 전압경사와 전기삼투유량이 관찰되었다. 높은 전기삼투유량은 토양 내로 많은 양의 과산화수소가 이동한 것을 의미하므로, phenanthrene 제거효율이 전기삼투유량이 증가함에 따라 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 동전기 정화기술만을 이용한 토양 세척에 의해 7일간의 가동기간 동안 8.5%의 phenanthrene이 제거되었다. Phenanthrene을 직접 산화분해하기 위하여 양극 전극조를 통하여 과산화수소 용액을 토양에 공급한 경우에는 14일 동안 최고 95.6%의 제거효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 실험 종료 후 95.6%의 제거효율을 나타낸 토양시료를 분석한 결과 phenanthrene의 중간산물이 거의 관찰되지 않음으로써, 과산화수소의 연속적인 주입을 통하여 가동기간 중간에 생성된 중간산물들이 저분자 물질로 산화분해 되었거나 물과 이산화탄소로 분해된 것으로 추정된다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

When processing the biomass by Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC), a slow pyrolysis process, it produces bio-gas, biooil, and biochar. Among these end products, biochar is known for isolating or storing carbon and being used as a soil amendment. In this study, the characteristics of biochar generated by HTC at $250^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, and 20 hours with synthetic food wastes and wood wastes were analyzed for potential uses in soil contaminated with heavy metals. The yield of biochar (weight %) increased when the ratio of wood wastes increased and showed a decreasing tendency as reaction time increased. Elemental analysis of biochar based on various conditions showed a maximum of 70% carbon (C) content. The carbon content showed an increasing tendency with the increase of wood wastes. Iodine adsorption test was peformed to determine the optimum reaction condition, which was 15% wood waste for mixing ratio and 2 hours for reaction time. Using biochar generated at the optimum condition, its capability of adsorbing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni) was evaluated. It was concluded that lead (Pb) was removed efficiently while zinc (Zn) and nickel (Ni) were hardly adsorbed by biochar.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.43-46
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• 2004

Explosive chemicals have been major soil and groundwater contaminants especially in the nations with active military activities. Of these explosives, 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most refractory one due to its structural characteristics. Although its efficient reduction by Fe(0) is well-known, the reduction products - mainly aminotoluenes - still possess toxicities to terrestrial biota, and are resistant to biological degradation. In this study, therefore, abiotic transformation of TNT reduction products via oxidative-coupling reaction was evaluated using Mn oxide which is ubiquitous in natural soils. The transformation efficiency is increased with the number of amino groups. Considering the very efficient reduction rate of TNT by Fe(0), Mn oxide can be successfully used for the removal of TNT reduction products.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2003년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.322-325
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• 2003

The feasibility of treating 2-chlorophenol (2CP) contaminated soils with ozone venting was investigated in this research. Adding ozone to the existing air-venting process provides an alternative to achieve a complete in-situ treatment by oxidizing the contaminant in the process. A column study with artificial soil was used to simulate the venting process. Ozone concentrations at 2.4, 7.6 and 19.4 mg/L, and flow rates at 100 and 150 mL/min were used. The reaction times were 10, 20, 50, and 60 minutes. Blank samples using air venting were also run for comparison. It is obvious that ozone-venting had a much faster removal rate than air-venting. As higher concentration of ozone is applied, the reaction rate increased significantly. As higher concentration was applied, the flux of ozone to the liquid film increased. This also increased the removal rate of 2CP and therefore the breakthrough curve came out earlier.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2023

In order to analyze the effect of the cyclic lateral loading on the response of a pile-soil system, a full-scale single steel pile was subjected to one-way cyclic loading. The test pile was driven into a bi-layered soil consisting of a normally consolidated saturated clay overlying a silty sandy layer, the site being submerged by water up to one meter above the mudline in order to reproduce the conditions of an offshore pile foundation. The aim of this paper is to present the main results of interpretation of the cyclic lateral tests in terms of pile deflections, bending moment, and cyclic P-Y curves. From these latter an absolute secant reaction modulus E_AS,N was derived and a simple calculation model of the test single pile is proposed based on this modulus. Two applications of the proposed model are carried out, one with a 2D finite element modelling, and the second with a load transfer curves-based method.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.704-708
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• 2006

경유로 오염된 인공오염토양을 효과적으로 정화하기위하여 물리 화학적 처리방법인 펜톤 산화반응과 생물학적 처리방법인 근권미생물의 활성도를 이용하는 방법을 연속적으로 적용하였다. 펜톤산화반응에서는 과산화수소의 농도가 증가할수록 TPH의 제거율이 증가하였으며 근권미생물 반응실험에서의 TPH 제거 효율은 콩(83.5%)<벼(81.5%)<대조군(76%) 순으로 나타났다.