• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.47-55
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• 2000

To date many software engineering cost models have been developed to predict cost, schedule, and effort of the software under development. The COCOMO Ⅱ is well- suited for the new software development life cycle such as non-sequential and rapid- development processes. The traditional regression approach based on the least square criterion is the most commonly used technique for empirical calibration in the COCOMO Ⅱ model. It has a few assumptions frequently violated by software engineering data sets. The source data is also generally imprecise in reporting size effort, and cost-driver ratings, particularly across different organizations. And that the outlier for the source data is a peculiarity and indicates a data point. To cope with difficulties, in this paper, we propose a new regression method for calibrating COCOMO Ⅱ post-architecture model based on the minimum relative error(MRE) criterion. The characteristic of the proposed method is insensitive to the extreme values of the data in the empirical calibration. As the experimental results, It is evident that our proposed calibration method MRE was shown to be superior to the traditional regression approach for model calibration, as illustrated by the values obtained for standard deviation(^σ), and prediction at level LPRED(L) measures.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.571-574
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• 2006

2006년 5월 국제전기기술위원회(International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC) TC62(의료용전기기기기술위원회) SC62A(의료용전기기기 공통특성에 관한 세부분과위원회)에서 의료기기 소프트웨어의 생명주기 프로세스에 관한 국제규격인 IEC 62304, Ed.1을 제정하였다. 전체 내용은 크게 일반적인 요구사항(General requirements)과 소프트웨어 개발과 유지보수에 대한 프로세스(Software development & maintenance process)로 구성되어 있다. 그리고 소프트웨어 개발과 유지보수 프로세스가 진행되는 동안에 기본적으로 확보되어야 하는 소프트웨어 위험관리와 형상관리에 대한 프로세스 Software risk management & configuration management process)를 규정하고, 또한 문제 발생 시 이를 해결하기 위한 소프트웨어 문제 해결 프로세스(Software problem resolution process)를 규정하고 있다. 이는 기존의 정보통신 분야에서 사용되던 소프트웨어 생명주기 프로세스인 ISO/IEC 12207 규격과 외형상 많은 차이를 나타내고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 의료기기 소프트웨어의 생명주기 프로세스에 관한 국제규격인 IEC 652304를 분석하여 실제 의료용 소프트웨어 개발 및 유지보수 작업들이 어떠한 방식으로 이루어지는지를 분석하고, 또한 기존의 소프트웨어 생명주기 프로세스인 ISO/IEC 12207 규격과의 차이점을 비교 분석하여 본 규격에 대한 근본적인 활용 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.411-424
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and evaluate e-EBPP(Evidence-based Practice Protocol) system for nursing care for patients with dementia to facilitate the best evidence-based decision in their dementia care settings. Method: The system was developed based on system development life cycle and software prototyping using the following 5 processes: Analysis, Planning, Developing, Program Operation, and Final Evaluation. Result: The system consisted of modules for evidence-based nursing and protocol, guide for developing protocol, tool for saving, revising, and deleting the protocol, interface tool among users, and tool for evaluating users' satisfaction of the system. On the main page, there were 7 menu bars that consisted of Introduction of site, EBN info, Dementia info, Evidence Based Practice Protocol, Protocol Bank, Community, and Site Link. In the operation of the system, HTML, JavaScript, and Flash were utilized and the content consisted of text content, interactive content, animation, and quiz. Conclusion: This system can support nurses' best and cost-effective clinical decision using sharable standardized protocols consisting of the best evidence in dementia care. In addition, it can be utilized as an e-learning program for nurses and nursing students to learn use of evidence based information.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.101-112
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• 2015

In the 1950s, the concept of configuration management (CM) was started by the US Department of Defense (DOD). Later, it has begun to be applied in aerospace, software, engineering, construction, and nuclear power industry. However, configuration management (CM) in the Korean nuclear industry was firstly utilized in 2006 only for selected parts of facilities, while the US nuclear industry has applied CM for the facilities' entire systems since 1990s. Furthermore, configuration management (CM) is in its conceptual stage in the Korean nuclear industry because of ambiguous CM concepts, lacks of CM professional manpower, non-computerization, and inadequacy of CM procedures and processes. In order to address this issues, seven industries (including defense, aerospace, software, engineering, architecture, civil engineering, nuclear power) that utilize the concept of configuration management (CM) were compared and analyzed based on the CM purpose, technique, and life-cycle perspectives. By an extensive literature review and expert interviews, this paper developed a framework of configuration management (CM) for the nuclear industry. And also, a list of functions based on life-cycle stages and CM techniques are developed for clarifying CM framework in order to promote practical applications.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society for Industrial Systems Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.135-143
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• 2000

The COCOMO Ⅱ model is well-suited for the new software development life cycle such as non-sequential and rapid-development processes. The traditional regression approach based on the least square criterion is the most commonly used technique for empirical calibration in the COCOMO Ⅱ model. But it has a few assumptions frequently violated by software engineering data sets. It is true that the source data is also generally imprecise in reporting size, effort, and cost-driver ratings, particularly across different organizations. And that the outlier for the source data is a peculiarity and indicates a data pint To cope with difficulties, in this paper, we propose a new regression method for calibrating COCOMO Ⅱ post-architecture model based on the minimum relative erro(MRE) criterion. The characteristic of the proposed method is insensitive to the extreme values of the data in the empirical calibration. As the experimental results, It is evident that our proposed calibration method MRE was shown to be superior to the traditional regression approach for model calibration, as illustrated by the values obtained for standard deviation(^σ), and prediction at level L PRED(L) measures.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.82-90
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• 2003

The Systems Engineering, as a methodology for engineering and management of today's ever-growing complex system, is a comprehensive and iterative problem-solving process. The process centers on the analysis and management of the stakeholders' needs throughout the entire life-cycle of a system and searches for an optimized system architecture. There are many essential needs and requirements to be met when a system development task is carried out. Systems Engineering Management Plan(SEMP), as a specification for system development process, must be established to satisfy constraints and requirements of stakeholders successfully and to prevent cost overrun and schedule delay. SEMP defines technical management functions and comprehensive plans for managing and controlling the entire system development process, specialty engineering processes, etc. Especially. in the case of a large-scale complex system development program where various disciplinary engineering such as mechanical; electrical; electronics; control; telecommunication; material; civil engineering etc. must be synthesized, it Is essential to develop SEMP to ensure systematic and continuous process improvements for quality and to prevent cost/schedule overruns. This study will enable the process knowledge management on the subject of SEMP as a core systems engineering management effort, that is, definitely defining and continuously managing specification of development process about requirements, functions, and process realization of it using a computer-aided systems engineering software. The paper suggests a systematic SEMP development process and demonstrates a data model and schema for computer-aided systems engineering software, RDD-100, for use in the development and management of SEMP. These are being applied to the systems engineering technology development task for the next-generation high-speed railway systems in progress.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.720-731
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• 2001

Complexity metrics have been developed for the structured paradigm of software development are not suitable for use with the object-oriented(OO) paradigm, because they do not support key object-oriented concepts such as inheritance, polymorphism. message passing and encapsulation. There are many researches on OO software metrics such as program complexity or design metrics. But metrics measuring the complexity of classes at the OO analysis phase are needed because they provide earlier feedback to the development project. and earlier feedback means more effective developing and less costly maintenance. In this paper, we propose the new metrics to measure the complexity of analysis classes which draw out in the analysis based on RUP(Rational Unified Process). By the collaboration complexity, is denoted by CC, we mean the maximum number of the collaborations can be achieved with each of the collaborator and determine the potential complexity. And the interface complexity, is denoted by IC, shows the difficulty related to understand the interface of collaborators each other. We verify theoretically the suggested metrics for Weyuker's nine properties. Moreover, we show the computation results for analysis classes of the system which automatically respond to questions of the user using the text mining technique. As a result of the comparison of CC and CBO and WMC suggested by Chidamber and Kemerer, the class that have highly the proposed metric value maintain the high complexity at the design phase too. And the complexity can be represented by CC and IC more than CBO and WMC. We can expect that our metrics may provide us the earlier feedback and hence possible to predict the efforts, costs and time required to remainder processes. As a result, we expect to develop the cost-effective OO software by reviewing the complexity of analysis classes in the first stage of SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.154-161
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• 2007

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infections are responsible for a substantial number of deaths annually and represent a significant threat to public health. According to the latest study, the Tat (Transactivator of transcription) protein is essential in transcription and replication of viral genes, and is among the early expression genes involved in the life cycle of HIV. The virion NC (nucleocapsid) plays an important role in early mRNA expression and contributes to the rapid viral replication that occurs during HIV-1 infection. Therefore, we attempted to elucidate the relationship between the Tat protein and nucleocapsid protein. In a comparison of two independently prepared and hybridized samples, flag NC overexpressed HEK 293T cells and pTat overexpressed HEK 293T cells, and hybridization showed the differences in expression in each case. Among the microarray results confirmed with real-time reverse transcriptase assay, twelve genes were identified to be involved according to their gene expression profiles. Of approximately 8,208 human genes that were analyzed, we monitored candidate genes that might have been related to NC and Tat genes from gene expression profiles. Additionally, the pathways could be viewed and analyzed through the use of Pathway Studio software. The pathways from the gene list were built and paths were found among the molecules/cell objects/processes by the curation method.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.103-114
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• 2021

A conceptual model can be used to manage complexity in both the design and implementation phases of the system development life cycle. Such a model requires a firm grasp of the abstract principles on which a system is based, as well as an understanding of the high-level nature of the representation of entities and processes. In this context, models can have distinct architectural characteristics. This paper discusses model multiplicity (e.g., unified modeling language [UML]), model singularity (e.g., object-process methodology [OPM], thinging machine [TM]), and a heterogeneous model that involves multiplicity and singularity. The basic idea of model multiplicity is that it is not possible to present all views in a single representation, so a number of models are used, with each model representing a different view. The model singularity approach uses only a single unified model that assimilates its subsystems into one system. This paper is concerned with current approaches, especially in software engineering texts, where multimodal UML is introduced as the general-purpose modeling language (i.e., UML is modeling). In such a situation, we suggest raising the issue of multiplicity versus singularity in modeling. This would foster a basic appreciation of the UML advantages and difficulties that may be faced during modeling, especially in the educational setting. Furthermore, we advocate the claim that a multiplicity of views does not necessitate a multiplicity of models. The model singularity approach can represent multiple views (static, behavior) without resorting to a collection of multiple models with various notations. We present an example of such a model where the static representation is developed first. Then, the dynamic view and behavioral representations are built by incorporating a decomposition strategy interleaved with the notion of time.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.1 no.3 s.3
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• pp.124-134
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• 2000

In construction projects, the design information, which should contain accurate product information in a systematic way, needs to be applicable through the life-cycle of projects. However, paper-based 2D drawings and relevant documents has difficulties in communicating and sharing the owner's and architect's intention and requirement effectively and building a corporate knowledge base through on-going projects due to Tack of interoperability between specific task or function-oriented software and handling massive information. Meanwhile, computer and information technologies are being developed so rapidly that the practitioners are even hard to adapt them into the industry efficiently. 3D modeling capabilities in CAD systems are enormously developed and enables users to associate 3D models with other relevant information. However, this still requires a great deal of efforts and costs to have all the design information represented in CAD system, and the sophisticated system is difficult to manage. This research focuses on the transition period from 2D-based design Information management to 3D-based, which means co-existence of 2D and 3D-based management. This research proposes a model of a compound system of 2D and 3D-based CAD system which presents the general design information using 3D model integrating with 2D CAD drawings for detailed design information. This research developed an integrated information management system for design and specification by associating 2D drawings and 3D models, where 2D drawings represents detailed design and parts that are hard to express in 3D objects. To do this, related management processes was analyzed to build an information model which in turn became the basis of the integrated information management system.