• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.521-526
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• 2007

The effects of red ginseng powder on hepatotoxicity in $benzo(\alpha)pyrene\;[B(\alpha)P]$-treated mice were investigated. Male ICR mice were pretreated with red ginseng powder (50 or 100 mg/kg/day, for 5 days, intraperitoneally) before treatment with $B(\alpha)P$ (0.5 mg/kg, i.p, single dose). The ability of red ginseng powder to protect against oxidative damage to the mouse liver was examined by determining the level of lipid peroxide, glutathione, and the antioxidant enzyme activities. The glutathione content depleted by $B(\alpha)P$ were significantly increased by red ginseng powder, but elevation of lipid peroxide content induced by $B(\alpha)P$ was decreased by red ginseng powder. The increased activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase after $B(\alpha)P$-treatment were decreased by the treatment of red ginseng Powder; however, glutathione S-transferase activity depleted by $B(\alpha)P$ were significantly increased. These results suggest that red ginseng powder can protect against $B(\alpha)P$ intoxification through its antioxidant properties.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.13-31
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• 2010

Objective : Bujeonghangam-tang(BH) has been used for cure of tumor as a traditional medicine. This study was carried out to clarify the effect of BH extract on hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis induced by Diethylnitrosamine(DENA) and $CCl_4$ in Rats. Method : Experimental groups were divided into two, 8th and 12th week groups, and subdivided into four; normal group(Nor), cirrhosis and hepatic cancer inducing control group(Con), and BH extract 320 mg/kg/day(BHA) or 640 mg/kg/day(BHB) administered groups to Con. Results: In the 8th week group: The body weight decreased significantly in Con compared with the Nor. The activities of transaminase, alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and lactacte dehydrogenase(LDH) were significantly increased(p<0.05) in the Con compared with Nor, but decreased in the BHA and BHB compared with Con. Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were the most increased in the Con compared to BHA and BHB. The results of light microscopical observation, a number of hepatocytes were damaged in the Con compared with Nor and BH extract administerd groups. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was reduced in the BH extract administered groups. According to the electron microscopical observation, hepatocarcinoma cells were observed distinctly in the Con compared with BH extract administered groups. In the 12 weeks group: The results of body were similar to 8th week groups. The activities of transaminase and ALT were significantly increased(p<0.05) in the Con compared with Nor. LDH was significantly(p<0.05) increased in the Con compared with Nor but significantly (p<0.05) decreased in the BHB. Alpha fetoprotein(AFP) were the most increased in the Con among ex perimental groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) were significantly (p<0.05) increased in the Con, but the activities of catalase were not increased(p<0.05) compared with Nor. The number of hepatic p53 positive cells was increased in the Con. The results of electron microscopical observation were similar to 8th week groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that ad ministration of BH extract suppress or retard DENA and $CCl_4$-induced hepatocellular carcinogenesis and hepatic cirrhosis in rats.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Organic Agriculture Conference
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• 2009.12a
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• pp.103-113
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• 2009

This present study was carried out to investigate the biological effects of soybean extracts comparing organic and conventional cultivation. Cellular and molecular analysis was performed to determine anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory effects of both soybean extracts. First, we obtained various solvent extracts of soybeans such as water, ethanol, and methanol. Molecular and cellular analysis were performed with 0.1 mg/ml concentration of each solvent extracts. The results of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of organic cultivated soybean extracts were prominent than conventional cultivated soybean extracts. However, discrepancy between organic and conventional cultivated soybean extracts was not observed in anti-allergic effects determined by releasing histamine from rat mast cell line, RBL-2H3. Conclusively, organic cultivated soybeans have stronger effects than conventional cultivated soybeans in suppression of inflammation. In addition, organic soybeans could be applied as a functional food ingredient for treatment of chronic inflammation, asthma, and atopic dermatitis with enhanced anti-inflammatory activities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.44-54
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was done to investigate the protective effects of Gagaminjakdowha-Tang on liver injury of rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine. Methods : All animals were divided into 5 groups, those were normal group(untreated), control group(treated with 0.9% Saline solution), sample I group(200mg/kg administrated), sample II group(400mg/kg administrated), Silymarin(200mg/kg administrated) group. Liver injury of rats were induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine, and then the serumtransaminase(ALT & AST) alkaline phosphatase(ALP), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) for enzyme activities, Liver cytosol malondialdehyde(MDA), catalase, superoxide dismutase(SOD), glutathione S-transferase(GST) and glutathione-peroxidase(GPX) for enzyme activities were measured. Results : The inhibitory effects on the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum ALP activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the serum LDH activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects on the liver cytosol malondialdehyde were noted in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol catalase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol superoxide dismutase activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GST activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The decresed effects on the liver cytosol GPX activities were inhibited in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALT activities were noted in both sample I and sample II. The inhibitory effects of the serum AST activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum ALP activities were noted in only sample II group. The inhibitory effects of the serum LDH activities were noted in both sample I and sample II group. Conclusions : Gagaminjakdowha-Tang has protective effects against liver injury in rats induced by $CCl_4$ and d-galactosamine.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.41-58
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts on the hyperlipidemia rats induced by high fat diet. Methods and Materials: In vitro; The extracts prepared for Hyolbuchukeo-tang by hot water extraction (HH), fermentation(HF) and UMPM extraction(HU) method. The extracts were examined for levels of polyphenol compounds, antioxidant activities, and inhibitory potencies for HMG-CoA reductase. In vivo; Sprague-Dawley male rats of weighing $150{\pm}5g$ were randomly divided into six groups ; normal control diet(NC), and high fat diet(HC), high fat diet with treated lovastatin of 10mg/kg(PC), high fat diet with Hyolbuchukeo-tang extracts; HH, HF and HU treated extracts of 300mg/kg, respectively. Also, we compared the effects of the extracts of HH, HF and HU on rats fed high fat diet for four weeks. Results: 1. The content of polyphenol compounds and electron donating abilities(EDAs) was the HF higher than HH and HU. The superoxide dismutase(SOD)-like activities were proportionate in consistency and they appeared highly from all extracts. The HMG-CoA reductase inhibition activities was highest activities in the HU. 2. The activities of serum GOT and GPT were significantly lower in the HH and HF groups. The level of serum triglyceride was significantly decreased in the HF group. HH and HU groups were significantly decreased in the atherogenic index(AI). The total cholesterol concentration in liver was significantly decreased in the HF group, and HU showed more significantly decreased in the triglyceride than of the lovastatin. Also, photomicrographs of liver tissue showed higher fat accumulation in the HC group than in the HH, HF and HU groups. Conclusions: These result suggest that the hyper-lipidemia caused by a high fat diet was effectively inhibited the administration of HF and HU.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.4 s.143
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• pp.318-323
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• 2005

The leaves (KPL) of Kalopanax pictus (KP) are used as a vegetable or a functional food in Korean society. The stem bark (Kalopanacis Cortex, KPS) has been traditionally used to treat neurotic pain, rheumatoid arthritis and diabetic disease. This research was undertaken to demonstrate that the leaf extract of KP (KPL) has also the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects like the extract (KPS) of Kalopanacis Cortex and to compare the activity levels of several extracts obtained from KP. Antinociceptive and antiinflammatory effects were measured against the extracts described as followings; KPL-1 (the MeOH extract obtained from the leaf shoot of KP collected on May), KPL-2 (the MeOH extract from KP collected on June), KPL-3 (the MeOH ectract from KP with no thorns), KPS-1 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Korean habitat), KPS-2 (MeOH extract from KPS of a Chinese habitat). The antimociceptive test undertaken by acetic acid-induced writhing, hot plate-, and tail-flick methods using mice. The anti-inflammatory test was also undertaken by measuring the edema in the carrageenan-induced test. The order of activity potency in the antinociceptive and antiinflammatory assays was commonly shown as followings: KPL-3>KPS>1>KPS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. This order was also observed in acetic acid-induced vascular permeability test. The antiinflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced assay was also observed as the following order: KPL-3>KPS- 1>PS-2>KPL-1>KPL-2. In addition, adjuvant-induced rats were used for a model to assess the oxidative stress. Treatment of the rat with the extracts reduced serum thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), hydroxy radical(OH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity caused by FCA together together with the inhibition of hepatic TBARS level and lipofuscin content. The above finding suggests that the leaf extract has the antinociceptive and antinflammatory activity. It is also suggested that KPL-3 with more potent activity than other tested extracts could be developed for a new available biomaterial.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.362-371
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• 1996

In this study, the relationships between sensitivity to oxyfluorfen, absorption of the herbicide, protoporphyrin IX(Proto IX) accumulation and activities of antioxidative enzymes were examined to identify the tolerance mechanism against oxyfluorfen in various rice cultivars having different level of tolerance to this herbicide. Absorption of oxyfluorfen in tolerant rice cultivars was slower than in susceptible cultivars. Proto IX accumulation in various rice cultivars treated with oxyfluorfen was higher in susceptible cultivars than in tolerant ones. In susceptible cultivars especially, Proto IX accumlated rapidly during the herbicide treatment in the dark. Large amounts of Proto IX accumulation were considered to cause membrane lipid peroxidation in the light. However, among the tested rice cultivars, there was little relationship between their tolerance to oxyfluorfen and the activities of antioxidative enzymes. Therefore, it is assumed that differential susceptibility of rice cultivars to oxyfluorfen was due to difference in their capability to absorb the herbicide and to subsequently accumulate Proto IX.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Insect pests have been one of the main constraints affecting turf sod cultivation areas, playgrounds, parks, golf courses, airports and other related recreational grounds. However, turfgrass research has been very limited and confined within a limited period of time compared to other branches of crop science in Korea. This review was surveyed from all papers in KCI (Korea Citation Index), SCI (Scientific Citation Index) and SCIE (SCI Expended) journals related to turfgrass research in Korea. Fifty two papers concerning turfgrass insect pest in Korea have hitherto been published in 8 different scientific journals since 1990. Thirty three papers (63.5% of total) were published in Weed and Turfgrass Science. The main topics of focus were divided into two parts; ecological study and control of insect pests. Before the 1990 decade, there were no scientific papers published in relation to turfgrass insect pest science. However, during the 1990, 2000 and 2010 decades, 9, 10 and 14 papers were published respectively in Weed and Turfgrass Science. From 1997, about 2 papers were published per year in the scientific journals. Thirty three insect pest species belonging to 13 families in 6 orders, one Eriophyidae mite, Aceria zoysia and one Armadillidae sowbug, Armadillidium vulgare, have hitherto been listed as turfgrass arthropod pests in Korea. Fifty percent of turfgrass insect pest papers published were focused on whitegrub, Adoretus tenuimaculatus, Popillia quadrigutta and earthworm research in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.604-609
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• 2016

In postmenopausal women, estrogen deficiency can be associated with metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate factors related to lipid, glucose and antioxidnat metabolism. Sprague-Dawley female rats were subjected to either bilateral ovariectomy or sham operation and randomly divided into 3 dietary groups, (n=8) sham-operated fed with normal diet (SHAM), ovariectomized fed with normal diet (OVX), and ovariectomized fed with normal diet supplemented with Eucommia ulmoides extract (OVX-EU). The OVX-EU group showed significantly lower body weight, triacylglycerol, and total cholesterol than that showed by the OVX group. In addition, the OVX-EU group showed improved lipogenesis, glucose-regulating enzyme activities, adipokine and antioxidant enzyme activities. These findings demonstrate that extracts from E. ulmoides extract can be used as a functional food.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1386-1392
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• 2019

This study investigated the potential of dye plants as natural oral health products. The antibacterial activity of ethanol stem extracts of A. japonica, R. verniciflua Stokes, G. jasminoides, D. morbifera, P. amurense Rupr., and S. japonica against P. gingivalis KCTC 5352, S. mutans KCTC3065, S. downei KCTC3634, S. sanguinis KCTC3284, and S. gordonii KCTC 3286 was confirmed. Among the stem extracts from 6 dye plants grown in Korea, ethanol extract from A. japonica stem (1 mg/disc) showed the highest antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis KCTC5352. The A. japonica stem extracts showed antibacterial activity similar to chlorhexidine, which was used as a positive control. The MIC and MBC of P. gingivalis KCTC5352 were 0.4 mg/ml and 0.6 mg/ml, respectively. The biofilm production rate and cell growth of P. gingivalis KCTC5352 in the cultures treated with 0.2-2.0 mg/ml of A. japonica extract were significantly decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the mRNA expression of the superoxide dismutase and fimA associated with fimbriae formation in these cultures was suppressed, also in a concentration-dependent manner. Based on these results, it is concluded that A. japonica stem extracts can be used as an oral health product derived from natural materials, as demonstrated by its antibacterial action against and inhibition of biofilm formation of P. gingivalis KCTC5352.