• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.172-183
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• 2014

The term "new woman" (신여성 [Sinyeoseong], 新女性) refers to an idealized image of contemporary women during the so-called modern period in East Asia. In Korea, these "modern girls" were also referred to as modan (毛斷), or "cut-hair", reflecting changes in appearances that rejected the traditional value system in favor of "the new" in everyday life. Although it was used to refer to the perceived educated leaders of this new period, it also had the negative connotation of referring to frivolous women only interested in the latest fashion. The popular discourse on this "new woman" was constantly changing during this early modern period in East Asia, ranging from male-driven women's movements to women-driven liberal and socialist movements. The discourse often included ideals of what constituted female impeccability in women's domestic roles and enlightened views on housekeeping, yet in most cases the "new woman" was also expected to be a good wife and mother as well as a successful career woman. The concept of the "new woman" was also accompanied by an upheaval in women's social roles and their physical boundaries, and resulted in women repositioning themselves in the new society. The new look was a way of constructing their bodies to fit their new roles, and this again was rapidly reproduced in visual media. Newspapers, magazines, and plays had gained immense popularity by this time and provided visual material for the age with covers, advertisements, and illustrations. This research will explore the fashion of the "new woman" through archival resources, specifically magazines published in the 1920s and 1930s. It will investigate how women's appearances and the images they pursued reflected the ideal image of the "new woman." Fashion information providers, trendsetters, and levels of popular acceptance will also be examined in the context of the early stage of the fashion industry in East Asia, including production and distribution. Additionally, as the idea of the "new woman" was a worldwide phenomenon throughout the 19th and early 20th century, the effect of Japanese colonialism on the structure of Korean culture and its role as a cultural mediator will also be considered in how the ideal image of beauty was sought, and whether this was a western, colonial, or national preference.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.38
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• pp.115-132
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• 2015

An animation is a tool to represent the consciousness of an author. It is a medium that converts his/her consciousness to time by the means of spaces. Image is the most inherent element among the elements of an animation. Character is the element that has the very core function among the elements of an image because a character is a shape that can deliver a story through various actions and facial expressions. In this context, is a representative satire animation that describes a ranked and unequal human society and selfishness and absurdity of human beings existed in the human society, based on the original work of George Orwell. Therefore, this study aims to study what the work tries to satirize through the meanings and symbols that the characters, animals, and spaces in the work. As a result of the study, it was found that the characters appeared in the work are metaphoric symbols that imply the meanings of each character, not just simple characters or spaces. In the work, the farm is a symbolic space that symbolizes a human world. John, a human being, is described as a dictator in an absolute Russian monarchy who suppresses people. Old Major, a pig, is described as an old pioneer that preaches the appropriation of a revolution while Snow Ball, a pig that follows the Major is described as a naive leader that dreams to establish a real socialist state where everybody lives equal, through successful revolution. Another pig, Napoleon is described as the more greedy dictator than human being. He killed Snow Ball for his private ambition and suppresses and exploits the same race, animals. That is, setting man and various animals in the relation of dominant class and subordinated class, the author generates conflicts among characters. Although the characters pursue an ideal society through revolution, it requires another revolution in the process, which expresses repetitive contradiction of human history in a symbolic and strong way.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.82-89
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• 2017

This paper intends to examine how North Korea has incited and persuaded its people by figuring out the structure regarding the meaning creation of its documentary film "Kim Jong-un, the Respected Comrade Supreme Commander, Giving On-site Guidance on the Grand Project of the People's Army" produced in 2015, which was North Korea's politically important year. The analysis results show that its narrative structure of the film took the form of an introduction, body, and conclusion to substantiate it obviously given theme. Its imaging techniques are geared towards uplifting the public's combat mentality and its sound contributes to achieving their adherence. In this regard, its film literature has the following meaning structure: first, the film takes the form of both film annals and the structure for the public to easily comprehend; second, the film clearly demonstrates its deep-rooted theme asking for the public to follow in the footsteps of the party's late father for its leadership; and third, the film also aims to establish the images of an always awake working leader by implanting and arranging the leader's diligence about his revolutionary activities in the documentary film. North Korea's documentary films serve as a weapon used for instigating revolution and construction. Given this, the producers of all documentary films have made sure to turn film literatures into the film literatures of the great leader. It was identified that under the social vision that the Kim Jong-un regime is a "socialist civilized country", he has tightened his grip on power in North Korea through the propaganda tool of film literatures.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2873-2878
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• 2009

Since Germany was unified in 1990, Korea became the only country that has the division in the world. This division has various bad effects on Korea's status with not reliable security, forfeited national impression, loss of tourism income and so on. Kim Jung-Il national defense committee chairman is the current dictator of North Korea which is a socialist state. Even if he is getting old, his successor is not proclaimed. In this situation, his sudden aggravation of health can cause seriously bad effects on diplomatic relations especially with South Korea. Therefore, the health information about Kim Jung-Il national defense committee chairman will be very important information. In order to deal this problem, we propose the method of extracting the Kim Jung-Il national defense committee chairman's health from his pictures which are recently open to the public by employing the diagnosis Ocular Inspection used in Oriental medicine. n order to get an accurate result, revising the Kim Jung-Il national defense committee chairman's pictures, which are not taken in a controled equal situation, is necessary. Therefore we employed the color analysis process with color revising and color differential comparing process without color revising. With these processes, we can make diagnosis of his diabetes and complications.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.40
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• pp.83-107
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• 2015

Propaganda is often accepted as the political promotion that had used mostly by the socialist states during the First and the Second World Wars and the Cold War and by Hitler who governed Germany. Therefore, cases of the study on the image and picture propaganda were mostly posters or films of the socialism period when the propaganda was active. However, today it is not easy any more to find propaganda of the clear promotion characteristic as the past. In these modern times, it has changed into metaphorical propaganda based on 'persuasion', rather than publicity like past. Therefore, it has been changing from the direct promotion of the past into the indirect persuasion; and from the raw, direct and powerful publicity and claim into the soft and metaphorical persuasion and appeal. Thus, investigating again the contemporary propaganda will be an important element in analyzing contemporary images. The animation, selected as a target of the analysis of propaganda, exists in various ways in various images of the modern times, which is not too much to say that today's society is the television society. Besides, the animation is the image that can cover all ages as men and women of all ages can watch, so it is proper for analysis of the contemporary propaganda of metaphorical, indirect and various forms.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

This study, was done to compare the nursing education systems of China and South Korea (Korea), then, on the basis of this comparison, to examine the direction of nursing education in China. The results the study are as follows : 1. Nursing education in Korea was influenced by social change, political policy, but as it was established, nurses in Korea, were able actively involved in presenting nursing education development proposals to the government, and in developing nursing education through their own efforts. Nursing education in China developed through the political policy of a socialist Country. During the period of modernization after 1977, a nursing education developed very quickly, In 1983, the first baccalaureate nursing education program was established and, in 1992, the first masters program was opened. 2. In Korea, there are two nursing education systems; diploma and baccalaureate, and there is only one entry level, high school graduation. In China today, on the other hand, there are three types of nursing education systems; technical, diploma, and baccalaureate, and they have middle school and high school graduation as the two levels of entry. 3. There are similarities between China and Korea in curriculums for nursing education which include the major nursing concepts. But in descriptions of the education objectives, China the emphasis is on training the 'expert' in clinical nursing which is not consistent with their educational philosophy. Korea differs from China in that the focus is on training for 'multiple ability' to be used in both clinical and community environments. 4. In Korea, the curriculum is organized with the theoretical and clinical experience combined. The curriculum is oriented to the life cycle and human developmental process. In China, however, the curriculum is organized so that after finishing the theoretical part of the curriculum, the students begin a one year intensive field experience in which the major clinical field is the hospital, and the focus is on disease oriented care and research ability. 5. In order for nurses to be proposed to address nursing education system needs follows : to change as The new nursing education system should be baccalaureate education in order to improve the education level in all nursing education programs, to develop doctoral programs, to open nurse specialist programs, and to develop a new curriculum based nursing philosophy and health delivery system change. New nursing curriculum for health care in China in the 21st century should be directed by a framework based on nursing philosophy, objectives and nursing content. In conclusion, the study will contribute China nursing education system revolution for policy develop and curriculum research. According to these results, in the future, nurses in China should be more actively involved in research and in a nursing education revolution, Also they should be involved in building information networks and in developing long term projects in nursing education.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.48
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• pp.170-190
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• 2009

The aim of this study is to examine the ideological orientation of Minjujungbo which was the first and the largest newspaper in Busan during the U.S. Military Government in Korea. For this purpose this study analyzed the personal history of the editorial staffs and the coverage of the three historical events. The events analyzed were the supporting statement to trusteeship by Korean Communist Party in Jan. 1946, the money counterfeit by Jungpansa in May, 1946 and the general strike in Sep. 1946. The coverages of Minjujungbo on these three events were compared with those of other newspapers which had shown the orientation of the rightist, the neutral, and the leftist respectively. Most of the editorial staffs had been involved the leftist movement but were not socialist to the core at that time. Most of them were the members of Pusanilbo which was published by Japanese in late colonial period. The coverages of Minjujungbo were analyzed to be similar to those of Seoulsinmun which was evaluated as the neutral. But the coverage of the general strike was analyzed as leftist slightly. In conclusion it can be said that the ideological orientation of Minjujungbo was the left-of-center.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.3-43
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• 2016

The North Korean medical laws are consisted of 'People's Health Act' and 'Medical Act' in the peak of the North Korean constitutional law. Before the legislation of 'People's Health Act', a number of medical laws and regulations existed. But, at present, there is no information about its amendment and effectiveness. 'People's Health Act' legislated in 1980 declared fundamental principles and policies of the North Korean health care system. 'Medical Act' legislated in 1997 is the basic law among the North Korean medical laws. It presented the goals and fundamental principles of the North Korean health care, and then regulated the basics about 'Tests and Diagnosis', 'Medical Treatment', and 'Medical Appraisal'. 'Medical Act' of North Korea was established later than South Korea, and its provisions is smaller in number. And there are lots of abstract and declaratory provisions compare with South Korean 'Medical Act'. Especially there is no provision about the kind and requirements of medical personnel and medical institutions, so it is hard to grasp the North Korean health care system at once. Regarding the medical treatment, there are many similar contents between the North and South Korean 'Medical Act'. But, the provisions, such as regarding mixing the new medicine and the korean traditional medicine, encouraging natural therapies in medical treatment, and informing the patient's protector of bad diagnostic result if there is concern to have a bad influence on patient, are different from the South Korean 'Medical Act'.

• Korea and Global Affairs
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.113-136
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to start from the recognition of the problem of why the sanctions of the international community could not indicate a great effect. In order to find answers to this question, this study focuses on China's aid to North Korea and analyzes the determinants of support for North Korea. Despite a tough international community's sanctions against North Korea, China has taken a dual stance on sanctions and support for North Korea. As for this dual attitude of China, this study approaches the internal and external situation of the support to the North with the rationale for the Two-level game theory. China's sanction against North Korea could be divided into two categories: external factors and domestic factors. These factors include strengthening supremacy in China, checking the US, playing a responsible role in China, securing resources in North Korea, sustaining stable growth in China, maintaining the legitimacy of China's socialist political system, and spreading the Beijing consensus. Based on the analysis of these factors, it could be expected that China's aid for North Korea will be official, informal, or continuous, and it will be difficult for the North to stop supporting North Korea or deteriorating North Korea- China relations.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2020

Existing studies have used a variety of terms related to North Korea's income guarantees, causing some confusion. It can be said that it is a problem that appears only when dealing with the contents of a specific statute in an existing study. To this end, we will look at the laws and regulations related to income security by period and analyze the contents of dictionaries that are also the explanations of the laws and the status of orders and rules. As a result of the analysis, living subsidies are classified into subsidies under the national social insurance system and pension and subsidy under the national social security system. Among them, the pension under the national social security system, which is an income security system for non-workers, includes old age pensions, labor capacity loss pension(general work ability loss pension, accidental work ability loss pension, honored soldiers' work ability loss pension), and survivor pension(general survivor pension, war deads' survivor pension, victims' survivor pension). In particular, it was confirmed that the terminology for social security pension, which has been confusing in previous studies, is a collective jargon for all pensions under the national social security system. This study is significant in that it synthesized the historical transition process of the terminology of income security from the 10th Platform for the National Liberation Society in 1936 to the Socialist Constitution of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea in 2013.