• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.64
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• pp.145-171
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• 2020

Christian communities have long sought to find what type of moral judgment is appropriate and what the Christian behavior is, by taking the church's ethical norms and behavior patterns as objects of reflection. In the same context, Christian education also tried to base the psychological rationalism of J. Piaget and L. Kohlberg, but the reason-centered structural development theory was not the answer. In fact, the structural development theory, which emphasized autonomy while excluding emotions from the moral judgment process, over-emphasizing cognition or reason, eventually led to moral relativism, unlike what was intended. In addition, it was criticized for not being able to adequately elucidate the gap between human moral reasoning and behavior, and for attempting to interpret morality excessively within the context of social culture. Recently, these limitations of structural developmental theory have been reinterpreted by neuroethics, especially moral psychology theories, which claim that moral judgment ability is physically wired in the brain and relies heavily on networks between cortical and limbic system. The purpose of this paper is to review some of the newly emerged research themes of neuroethics, and then to discuss two main theories that explain morality in the perspective of neuroethics and the implications that Christian education should pay attention to.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.292-301
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• 2021

This study is a basic research to apply ESD linked to SDGs to pre-service teachers majoring in earth science education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate carbon literacy by analyzing the awareness, attitude and knowledge, subjective norms, and behavioral control of the carbon footprint internalized by pre-service teachers. Pre-service teachers recognize the carbon footprint as their responsibility, but are not willing to pay the cost and accept inconveniences of the actions to reduce carbon footprint. They also support actions to reduce carbon footprint, but do not demand the actions from others. While they have sufficient knowledge about carbon mitigation actions, their conception of causes and effects of global warming is unstable. Pre-service teachers will go out to school sites and teach millions of students about global warming. It is essential to educate these teachers on the economic cost and social responsibility of reducing their carbon footprints. It is also important to find ways to bridge the gap between their thought and action. It is hoped that this study on pre-service teachers' carbon literacy will lead to realizing ESD.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.513-528
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to analyze Korean game-related issues and policies to increase the effectiveness of related policies in the future and to increase the consistency of social norms of the policies. this study analyzes related issues by analyzing changes in Korean newspaper articles using spline function and text mining methods, and analyzes the contents of newspaper articles at the time of amplification of issues to present major issues and development directions. As a result of the analysis, game-related issues appeared in various topic, and there are not only support from the government and local governments but also coexisted with game-related regulations (taxation, gambling regulations, game addiction disease, and prevention of fee expansion). Despite regulations, the government presents preemptive responses to problems caused by the application of metabuses and NFTs to games, fostering game-related experts, start-up support, and supporting manpower departure as policy implications.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.43-50
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• 2022

A comparative analysis of the state and results of the functioning of the education system of Ukraine with the national educational systems of the USA and Great Britain was carried out. Based on which we found out similar and different in the process of developing the system of training specialists in higher education institutions of the USA, Great Britain, and Ukraine. Describing the main quantitative indicators of education in the UK, USA and Ukraine, we found common features and distinctive features. Consideration in the comparative aspect of trends in the development of higher teacher education in the United States, Great Britain and in Ukraine gives grounds for conclusion. For these countries, such groups of norms as types of educational institutions, forms of Education; introduction of a unified system of credit units in order to create conditions for broad mobility of students; availability of different levels of training; study of the best experience of educational activities of other states and its introduction into the educational process in combination with the cultural traditions of Ukraine coincide. Describing the main quantitative indicators of education in the analyzed countries, we found distinctive features.Teacher development systems in the UK, USA and Ukraine are compared. It was found out that the use of methods of Great Britain and the United States on the organization of independent work in the process of professional development of teachers will have a positive impact on training in the system of advanced training of teachers in Ukraine. The article examines the information culture of future specialists, which is based on knowledge about the information environment, the laws of its functioning and development, and the perfect ability to navigate the limitless modern world of information.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.86-113
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• 2000

본 연구는 환경지향제품구매와 재활용행동을 설명하기 위한 것으로 Schwartz 가 제기한 규범이론에 관한 이론고찰과 실증분석을 병행하고 있다. 규범이론의 핵심은 사회규범을 개인의 행동으로 전환시키는 과정을 설명하는 것이다. 규범이론에 따르면 환경지향제품구매와 재활용과 같은 이타적 행동은 사람들이 일종의 추상적이고 객관적인 방식으로 동의하는 도덕적 행동에 관한 사회규범으로 시작된다. 그러나 사회규범은 행동을 지배하기에는 너무 일반적이고 소원하다. 따라서 이러한 사회규범은 개인적 차원에서 우리들 각 개인에게 적응되어 개인규범이 된다. 사회규범은 사회적 구조의 차원에서 존재하는 반면 개인규범은 강력하게 내면화 된 도덕적 태도가 된다. 개인이 규범을 내면화 했지만 이에 따라 행동하지 않을 수도 있는 데 상황에 적절하도록 개인규범이 정의되어야 한다. 규범이론은 주어진 상황에 적절하도록 사회규범을 개인규범으로 정의하도록 유도하기 위해서는 바로 행동결과지각과 책임귀인지각이 개입되어야 한다고 제기하고 있다. 본 연구는 이상의 규범이론에 근거하여 소비자의 환경지향제품구매행동과 재활용행동을 설명하고자 다음 세 가지 연구목적을 설정하였다. 첫째, 사회규범이 개인규범의 형성에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가? 둘째, 사회규범이 내면화 된 개인규범은 환경지향제품구매행동과 재활용행동에 직접적인 영향을 미치는가? 셋째, 규범이론은 조절변수가 개입되는 경우 개인규범이 행동으로 전환되는 것이 더욱 용이해진다고 제기한 바, 조절변수의 하나인 환경지향행동결과의 중요성지각의 영향을 검증하고자 한다. 연구결과, 환경문제가 개입된 상황에서 사회규범은 개인규범의 형성에 강한 영향을 미치며 개인규범은 다시 환경지향제품구매와 재활용행동에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 환경지향행동결과의 중요성지각 역시 개인규범이 환경지향제품구매행동으로 전환되는 과정에서 조절적 역할을 함으로서 양변수간 관계를 더욱 강화하는 변수임을 연구결과는 제시하고 있다. 그러나 개인규범-재활용행동사이에서의 조절적 역할은 없는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.57-71
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• 2012

Objectives: This study examines the situation regarding smoking among high school students in Seoul Province and identifies smoking-related factors. Methods: The study sample consisted of 1,000 high school second-grade students from 6 high schools in Seoul. The PRECEDE model was used to assess the students' needs. We carried out an educational diagnosis on attitudes, outcome expectations and social norms. Date were collected from June. 7 to 21, 2011, and were analyzed using SPSS-15.0 according to the study objectives. Results: Of 906 respondents, 9.4% had experiences to smoking: 12.7% were male and 5.7% were female. Smoking-related factors from among general characteristics were statistically significant depending on the degree of gender($x^2$=14.515, p=.001), school performance($x^2$=40.289, p=.001) and friends 'smoking status($x^2$=88.615, p=.001). Factors concerning attitudes toward smoking were statistically significant depending on the students' perceptions as follows: 'Smoking is fun(t=-14.801, p=.000)', 'Smoking looks cool(t=-10.349, p=.000)', 'People who smoke have more friends(t=-11.295, p=.000)', 'Smoking helps me manage stress(t=-15.059, p=.000)' and 'Smoking is not harmful to the body if you exercise(t=-6.388, p=.000)'. Factors concerning outcome expectations were statistically significant depending on their perceptions as follows: 'Tobacco smells good(t=-8.939, p=.000)' and 'Smoking helps in weight management (t=-7.304, p=.000)'. Factors concerning social norms were statistically significant depending on the following perception: 'My friends will not like it if I smoke(t=4.605, p=.000)'. The following influence high school students attitudes toward smoking: School performance (OR=11.66, 95%CI=1.67~81.37; OR=18.27, 95%CI=2.58~129.24; OR=26.74, 95%CI=3.06~233.79), Friends smoking status(OR=80.05, 95%CI=6.94~922.77), 'Smoking is fun(OR=12.90, 95%CI=3.87~43.04; OR=63.41, 95%CI=10.66~377.09)', 'Smoking looks cool(OR=0.15, 95%CI=0.03~0.64)', 'Smoking is not harmful to the body if you exercise(OR=1.44, 95%CI=0.03~0.62)', 'When there is no work to do, smoking is a good way to pass the time(OR=21.68, 95%CI=4.27~109.90)', 'When you are angry, smoking calms you down.(OR=13.39, 95%CI=3.92~45.65; OR=8.69, 95%CI=1.67~45.13)' and 'My parents consider it important that I do not smoke(OR=10.05, 95%CI=1.00~100.43)'. Conclusions: The study suggests that effective ways to discourage of high school students from smoking are changing their attitudes toward smoking, reducing the motivation to smoke, and controlling the number of cigarettes. Therefore, aiming at preventive education. Schools must provide accurate information about the effects of smoking. Thus, health education should actively involve preventive education not only in schools but also at home, the societal and national levels. Cooperation between various sectors of society is required for this.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.269-289
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• 2018

This article is designed to help ensure that "Laotzu's Tao and Saussure's Linguisticse's Linguistics" can meet properly. To carry out this project, I asked how to understand Laotzu's 'not the eternal Name(非常名)'. Comparing Kongzi's 'the Rectification of name(正命)' with Laotzu's 'not the eternal Name', The meaning of the two concepts becomes clear. Kongzi's 'the Rectification of name' is political philosophy to restore etiquette through language order. In comparison, Laotzu's 'not the eternal Name' refers to Randomness[arbitraire] of the symbol. It shows that the order of languages can be dismantled, and that the structure, norms, and etiquette of society, which are established by language order, can be dismantled. Laotzu's 'not the eternal Name' is a logic that defies language as an institution, as a symbolism, and as a logic of disintegration. To illustrate this point, Searsure's Linguistics was brought in for discussion. In Saussure's Linguistics, the arbitrary nature of the symbol is the same as the Lotzu's 'Not the eternal Name'. Three arguments were used to elucidate the logic of the resistance and the logic of Deconstruct of the Language structure. First, I explained that the discussion of 'Name' was not just about 'the name of an object' but about the system, laws and norms of a society. Second, I explained the argument that language order is a social institution and a social structure by taking the words Saussure and Lacon. Third, I explained that 'not the eternal Name' is an important term that reveals the arbitrary and arbitrary relationship between the signifiant and the signifie. These arguments explain that Laotzu's 'not the eternal Name' is the logic of dismantling the language as a system and as the symbolic.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.79-93
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• 2021

The question of why do you want to start a "start?" Is the most basic step in trying to do something. In other words, previous studies have shown that the degree of confidence in an individual's decision affects the setting of a specific purpose. Based on this, this study aims to provide basic data for deriving the direction of entrepreneurship education in college students by analyzing the effects of goal-oriented behavioral model on college students' self-determination and intention to start a business through the 5 factor model. To achieve the purpose of the study, a self-report questionnaire was conducted from October 01 to November 11, 2019 for university students attending located in Gyeonggi-do, Seoul. A total of 150 questionnaires were distributed, and 125 parts were used for the final analysis, except 25 parts with insincere responses or errors. Data were analyzed using SPSS Win 24, and reliability, validity analysis, frequency analysis, One-way ANOVA and regression analysis were performed, and three-step regression analysis and Sobel verification were performed for mediating effects. The summary of the study is as follows. First, the influence of university students' goal-oriented behavioral model on self-determination showed that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral controls had statistically significant positive effects, and positive and negative expectations were statistically significant. Did not affect. Therefore, the higher the attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control, the higher the university students' self-determination. Second, the influence of college students' goal-oriented behavioral model on the intention to start a business was as follows.). As a result, the higher the perceived behavioral control and positive expectation, the higher the intention to start up. Third, regression model 1 showed that the behavioral control and positive expectation sentiment among the goal-oriented behavioral model had a significant positive influence on the college students' intention to start a business. Affected. Regression model II added the parameters of the 5 factor model, which increased 2.5% of explanatory power than the first regression model. Perceived behavioral control and positive expectations had a statistically significant positive effect, negative expectations had a statistically significant negative effect, and among the 5 factor model, openness had a statistically significant positive (+) Affected. From these results, it can be seen that the Big Five personality factors have a mediating effect on the relationship between goal-oriented behavior model and intention to start up. This study confirmed that the goal-oriented behavioral model of college students is an important variable in implementing self-determination and intention to start a business. In addition, by using his Big 5 personality factors as positive feedback, he has proved to play an important role by identifying the mediation role that can be set, planned and utilized to plan and achieve his life. The result of this study is that college students are interested in the intention of individual start-ups, so they are not freed from difficult employment difficulties. It is intended to provide basic data useful in the age of creation of government.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.324-339
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate the characteristics of cyber communities composed of migrant workers from communities without propinquity in Korea. Its methods are both qualitative and quantitative. It further seeks to discover the relationship between the social capital formed and reproduced within these cyber communities and participants' cultural adaptation to Korean society. The study revealed that ethnic and non-ethnic communities differed in terms of strength of cohesion, space constraints, and links with the outside world. The former showed characteristics of a localized community type. The main motivations for migrant workers' participation in the ethnic cyber community were communication and friendship rather than cooperation and sharing among members. They usually used cyber communication media to communicate with one another. Conversely, the latter showed characteristics of an integrative type. Despite the difficulties in applying for membership and information provided in Korean, a high percentage of migrant workers participated in the community to obtain crucial information. The results did not show a significant correlation between social capital and migrant workers' traits within the cyber community, while a strong correlation emerged among four factors of social capital: faith, norms, networking, and political participation. The study showed that social capital in the cyber community was in direct proportion to an integrative type of cultural adaptation to Korean society. In particular, there was a strong connection between the cultural adaptation exhibited by members of the migrant subculture and their participation in discussions on political issues and human rights, with some migrants even functioning as agents of social change as participants in citizens' movements. The findings suggest that the cyber community facilitates the migrant subculture's communication with and integration into the indigenous Korean culture. Migrant workers' participation in the cyber community is therefore validated as an instrumental practice for members of this subculture to adapt to Korean society.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.161-174
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the efficiency of senior welfare centers and the cause of differences among senior welfare centers in that regard, and to investigate influential factors for the differences in efficiency and the size of the influence of the factors. What methods would be effective at assessing the efficiency of senior welfare centers by taking into account their circumstances was reviewed, and post-hoc analyses were made by using data envelopment analysis(DEA) and Tobit analysis, which were useful tools to evaluate relative efficiency. After 24 senior welfare centers located in Seoul were selected, their yearly operating data of 2011 were utilized. In this study, we set limits to the medical welfare of the elderly welfare services business, and divided into model 2 including the elderly population in the region and model 1, input factors for only internal factors, such as full-time workers. We calculated a valid result by proceeding a BCC analysis and analysis of CCR respectively. As this study has some limitations, follow-up research should be implemented. Yet this study is of significance in that it attempted to present general norms for the efficiency analysis of senior welfare centers by using a DEA model and made various post-hoc analyses based on the efficiency data to give significant suggestions on the service of senior welfare centers.