• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2018

As the damage caused by the abnormal climate due to climate change is increasing, the interest in resilience is increasing as a countermeasure to this. In this study, the resilience of Suwon city was examined and the plan to improve the resilience were derived against climate impacts such as drought, heatwave, and heavy rain. Urban resilience is divided into social resilience (e.g. vulnerable groups, access to health services, and training of human resources), economic resilience (e.g. housing stability, employment stability, income equality, and economic diversity), urban infrastructure resilience (e.g.residential vulnerability, capacity to accommodate victims, and sewage systems), and ecological resilience (e.g. protection resources, sustainability, and risk exposure). The study evaluated the urban resilience according to the selected indicators in local level. In this study, the planning elements to increase the resilience in the urban dimension were derived and suggested the applicability. To be a resilient city, the concept and value of resilience should be included in urban policy and planning. It is critical to monitor and evaluate the process made by the actions in order to continuously adjust the plans.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3341-3355
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• 2016

Background: A recent WHO data report on mortality attributable to tobacco use including cigarette smoking indicated a very high burden of deaths in Asia and that people often initiate smoking as early as young adolescents. The objectives of this study were to systematically review peer-reviewed articles on cigarette smoking initiation among Asian adolescents and to develop a conceptual model of factors influencing smoking initiation by integrating all relevant factors based on existing data. Materials and Methods: Following a PRISMA guideline, a systematic review of articles published between 2005 and June 2015 was conducted using 5 databases on cigarette smoking initiation among adolescents (aged 10-19 years) living in Asia. We summarized the main findings of each study according to our research questions and data that emerged during the data extraction process. Analysis and categorization were based on the TTI and TPB models and classification of factors extracted from the study, were as follows: personal factors, social factors, broader environmental factors, mediators, and intention to initiate smoking and smoking behavior. Results: Of 1,227 identified studies, only 20 were included in this review. Our findings found that the mean age of cigarette smoking initiation ranged from 10 to 14 years and those who are more likely to initiate smoking are male, older adolescents, adolescents with low parental SES, individuals with low parental monitoring, low parental education level and having no discussion on smoking at home, those living in public housing and those exhibiting health-risk behavior. Our study also revealed that the risk of smoking initiation increased when they are exposed to smokers, influenced by peers, exposed to tobacco advertisements, receive pocket money, have lack of knowledge about smoking, have poor school performance, have a family conflict and have psychological problems. The conceptual model developed demonstrated complex networks of factors influencing initiation. Conclusions: This systematic review presents various factors influencing smoking initiation of the Asian adolescents and provides a conceptual framework to further analyze factors. Future studies should have a standard measure of smoking initiation, should analyze interactions and the intensity of relationships between different factors or variables in the conceptual model. This will in turn consolidate the understanding of the different factors affecting smoking initiation and will help to improve interventions in this area.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.17-36
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• 2020

This study aims to compare the differences between the socially underprivileged and the population as a whole in terms of the quality of life gap between the Seoul metropolitan and non-capital regions based on the capabilities approach. To this end, we selected indicators that can measure nine dimensions of capabilities, such as income, housing, health, and social relations, calculated indicator values for the socially underprivileged and the whole population, and standardized them. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the SUR model were used for comparative analysis. The results show that there are significant differences in the disparities between the Seoul metropolitan and non-capital regions between the socially underprivileged and the entire population, and the differences are generally consistent in the most unfavorable direction for the socially underprivileged in the non-capital regions. In addition, the gap between the Seoul metropolitan and non-capital regions is not large from the point of view of the total population average, but the inter-regional gap is still significant from the viewpoint of the socially underprivileged. These results show the limitations of 'average' regional policies based on an analysis of the average of the total population, and the study is significant to illustrate the ecological errors that may arise in regional problem analysis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.37-47
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• 2009

National surveys on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections have been carried out every 5-7 years since 1971 in the Republic of Korea in order to establish control measures. The present nationwide survey was conducted from June to December 2004. The 10% population sampling data of Population and Housing Census by the Korean government in 2000 was used as the survey population. One sample was selected randomly from each of the 22,858 registered subjects, and a total of 20,541 people were ultimately included in this survey. Fecal examinations were performed by the cellophane thick smear and saturated brine flotation techniques. Pinworm infection was examined by cello-tape anal swab method. This survey also included a questionnaire study for a socioeconomic analysis. The total helminth egg positive rate was 3.7%, and the estimated total positive number among nationwide people was 1,780,000. The rates in urban and rural areas were 3.1% and 6.8%, respectively. As the total egg positive rate in the 6th survey in 1997 was 2.4%, the present survey showed that there was a considerable degree of increase in the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections over the 7-year period following the 6th survey. The largest increases occurred in the egg positive rates of Clonorchis sinensis and heterophyids including Metagonimus yokogawai.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.391-400
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• 2005

Objective : This study examined the socioeconomic differentials for the health and health related behaviors among South Korean middle school students. Methods : A nationwide cross-sectional interview survey of 3,449 middle school second-grade students and their parents was conducted using a stratified multi-stage cluster sampling method. The response rate was 93.3%. The socioeconomic position indicators were based on self-reported information from the students and their parents: parental education, father's occupational class, monthly family income, out-of-pocket expenditure for education, housing ownership, educational expectations, educational performance and the perceived economic hardships. The outcome variables that were measured were also based on the self-reported information from the students. The health measures included self-rated health conditions, psychological or mental problems, the feelings of loneliness at school, the overall satisfaction of life and the perceived level of stress. The health related behaviors included were smoking, alcohol drinking, sexual intercourse, violence, bullying and verbal and physical abuse by parents. Results : Socioeconomic differences for the health and health related behaviors were found among the eighth grade boys and girls of South Korea. However, the pattern varied with gender, the socioeconomic position indicators and the outcome measures. The prevalence rates of the overall dissatisfaction with life for both genders differed according to most of the eight socioeconomic position indicators. All the health measures were significantly different according to the perceived economic hardship. However, the socioeconomic differences in the self-rated health conditions and the psychosocial or mental problems were not clear. The students having higher socioeconomic position tended to be a perpetrator of bullying while those students with lower socioeconomic position were more likely to be a victim. Conclusions : The perceived economic hardships predicted the health status among the eighth graders of South Korea. The overall satisfaction of life was associated with the socioeconomic position indicators. Further research efforts are needed to explore the mechanisms on how and why the socioeconomic position affects the health and health related behaviors in this age group.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.136-150
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• 2017

This study analyzed the spatial change of urban green spaces in Daegu from 1989 to 2009 using cell based spatial metrics. To do so, the conversion process of land covers during the past 20 years was explored using a land cover change detection matrix. The synoptic analysis with a moving window sampling strategy was conducted to quantify cell based spatial metrics related to size, shape, cohesion, and diversity and to explain the spatial change at the local level. Difference maps were then generated by subtracting the 1989 maps of spatial metrics from the 1998 maps and the 1998 maps from the 2009 maps. The gradient analysis was performed to identify the directional change of spatial metrics along an urban development axis in Daegu. The results from this study show that urban green spaces in Daegu during the past 20 years have been gradually fragmented around the new town housing development districts such as Dalseong-gun, Seongseo, and Ansim. Forests were most prominently fragmented in the Hwawon area while most rapidly in the Chilgok area. Grasslands were largely fragmented in many areas due to the decrease in size and cohesion indices and most fragmented in the Ansim area. The spatial pattern of the decreased and fragmented urban green spaces identified by this study can be used as a base data for establishing the environment-friendly urban development strategy in Daegu.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.204-213
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• 2008

Apartments production without a previous example is existed by suddenly rapid growth of population and city. So this mass producted aged Apartments have many problems that is aged and staleness. Confrontation of obsolete and staleness is Build&Scrap and Remodeling. But Remodeling is much better than Build&Scrap Because Remodeling has Social, Economical, Environmental merits. This Research is Feasibility Evaluation System on an object of Remodeling. Feasibility Evaluation means Possibility on Objective action on aiming action in other words. It means degree of difficulty about purpose to act. Remodeling is based on existing apartment, to improve ability and performance of existed aged Apartment and by engineering technique and method. A point of view, development of Remodeling technique and popularization is necessary as well as Remodeling Plan and Construction technique of applied Existing building logical Approach is that. The purpose of this paper is handling allowance range of Remodeling Plan and Achievement accomplishment Feasibility Evaluation of purpose and objective and Understanding. Remodeling Feasibility is evaluated by two aspects. The first is Macro Level Approach of Remodeling Feasibility Evaluation on a Apartment Complex, and The second is Micro Level Approach of Remodeling Feasibility on each housing part is evaluated about removal and dismantlement.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.329-345
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• 1996

The purposes of this study are to review research trends of applied geography field, to retrospect geographical works done by Korean geographers in applied geography, and to prospect the future of applied geography. We are in the period where societal problems such as energy, transportation, pollution, environment, health care, and many others, require careful consideration and need throughout strategies for solution. Most societal problems have some geographical dimensions. Because these problems are geographic in nature, there is an obvious implication that geography as a discipline has something to offer in their solutions. In fact, most geographic problems are best presented and analyzed through the applications of geographic theories, concepts and tools. Applied geography is a branch of general geography. It relies on the scientific methods and uses the principles and methods of pure geography. However applied geography is different in that it analyzes and evaluates real world action and planning and seeks to implement and manipulate environmental and spatial realities. Thus, geographic theories and other social theories that have geographic dimensions are fundamental to applied geography. Applied geography has a short history as theme in Korean geography. During the last two decades. Korea achieved remarkable economic growth. We have also encountered widening regional disparity, housing shortage of larger cities, transportation congestion, environmental pollution and many other problems. Applied geographers have tried to analyze and solve such spatial problems during the last 30 years. The research trend of Korean applied geography can be subdivided into 5 categories: (1) land use analysis and efficient utilization, (2) national physical development and planning. (3) regional development and regional planning, (4) tourism and location-allocation, transportation planning. Still the overconcentration of Seoul metropolitan region and unbalanced regional development are perceived to be the serious spatial problems which may induce more works to solve these problems. In Korea new emphasis has to be given to some professional training and experimental learning, including methodology, field techniques data management, statistical analysis, cartography, GIS, and other tools, as applicable and beneficial to problem solving in real world. The growth of applied geography depends on new insights and purposed solutions of future applied geographers in Korea. Applied geographers will contribute to the creation of future Korean geographies.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.58-82
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• 1998

It is usually proposed that job security of old age workers is hampered by the structure of wage increasing with age. This paper sets forth a model to comprehend the characteristic of the old age workers' labor market and policy implications derived from it. In order to stimulate demand for old age workers, policy initiatives should be taken as follows : the wage criteria should be simplified which apply differently from one institution to other; incentives relatively favorable for employing old age workers' in manufacturing sector should be also given to service sectors; employment subsidy or other tax incentives should be given for labor contract after the retirement age; licensing and evaluation system for job ability should be introduced based on occupation & job analysis. To lower the reservation wage of workers, mortgage loan for house and long-term low interest loan for tuition fees should be developed together with stabilization of housing cost. Wedding culture which requires high expense should be amended. Above all, it is necessary to install reasonable social security system. Policy orientation should also pay attention to reduce labor supply of the old aged via aiding old age workers' firm opening and voluntary civil service together with developing various honor programs for members of civil corps.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

This study investigated the process of change of 32 urban parks designated during the period of Japanese colonial rule according to growth and development of the city in Busan. Particularly, researching included analyizing books, notification, data, and documents relevant to the history of urban planning published by Busan city. As a result, Daejeong Park, Gokwan Park, and Yongdusan Park had been utilized by Japanese residents under the Japanese colonial rule before planning of urban parks, and 32 parks legally specified in 1944 were planned by considering the prevention against disasters. After emancipation, there were an unauthorized building, housing construction, business district, public office, and school facility in the sites of the parks due to the influence of the Korean War and reorganization of urban planning. The majority of parkways and small parks downtown were eliminated. However, unexecuted parks that the government had designed on the edge of town during the Japanese colonial period have become major parks downtown through the city's growth. Yeonji Park, Yangjeong Park, and Danggok Park have been being building as a business of parks for a comfortable city, forming downtown along with the Green-Busan Policy. Thus, 32 parks designated under the Japanese colonial rule have made or got out of use reflecting on the phases of the times of modern Korean society. It turns out that these parks need an investigation about condition for land possession and purchase of the site of the parks in order for social common capital.