• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the level of burden and social support of mothers with Cerebral Palsy (CP) children, and to determine whether providing social support is an effective strategy to relieve the burden of those mothers. Method: From October to November 2007, the data were collected from 63 mothers with CP children who were admitted and treated for CP at Y rehabilitation center in Seoul. The data were analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Scheffe's test, Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, and Stepwise Multiple Regression using SPSS 12.0. Results: Burden of mothers was related to the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) of the CP children. Social support was negatively correlated and GMFCS was positively correlated with burden of mothers. Social support and GMFCS was statistically significantly related with burden of mothers with CP children by multiple regression analysis. Conclusion: There was a significantly negative correlation between social support and burden. It demonstrated that social support, an important factor relating to burden imposed on mothers of CP children, can be considered as an intervening variable which can contribute to decrease of burden. In addition, applying developmental screening measures are needed to decrease disability severity.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.46
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• pp.319-348
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• 2001

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the buffering effect of social welfare services on the relationship between the level of older persons' impairment and burden experienced by the family caregivers. It also assessed the level of caregiving burden as well as the effect of both older person's impairment and the characteristics of the caregivers on burden. The survey data collected from 150 community residing family caregivers was used for analyses. Findings are as follows. First, the caregivers are more burdened in the deterioration of mental health, scarce time for oneself, and the suffering of social life than in other areas of burden. Second, the more severe the physical and the mental impairment of the elder, the more burden the caregivers experience. The caregivers' characteristics such as the worse mental health, the lower level of attachment to the elder, the longer caregiving hours are also related to the higher level of caregiving burden. Third, the caregivers' use of adult day care and respite care services buffer the relationship between the level of impairment of older persons and the caregiving burden. However, social work counselling, visiting nurse, homemaker services do not have such buffering effects. Among informal support, instrumental support buffers the relationship between the elder's physical impairment and burden, while emotional support buffers the relationship between the elder's mental impairment and burden. According to the results, implication for social welfare services and practice methods for the family caregivers was discussed.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.27-54
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• 1996

The purpose of the study was to identify the degree of social support and burden in mothers of children with cancer, and to determine a strategy of an effective social support utility for burden relief in these mothers. The subjects of this study were consisted of mothers of cancer children, registered at a'C'University affiliated hospital in Taejon. The data was collected from July 1 to August 31, 1994. Three instruments were used to collect the data : a semi-structured interview questionnaire which was developed by the researcher was used to identify the content of the mother's burden, a Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) that had a 10cm horizontal line was used to measure the degree of mother's burden and the PRQ part I & part Ⅱ were used to measure the degree of mother's social support. The content of mother's burden collected through in depth interviews was analyzed using content analysis. Also burden and social support data were analyzed by SAS program. The result of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The data on burden content from the interview were categorized as psychological, physiological, family interaction with maternal role, financial burden and personal interaction with social relational burden. 2. The degree of burden measured by VAS had a mean of 8.04(range from 0.5 to 10). 3. The score for social support measured by PRQ part Ⅱ had a mean of 88.9(range from 71 to 113). The highest scores was for reassurance of worth. The lowest score was for opportunity for nuturance. Most of the 15 mothers received the greatest amount of support from their sisters, spouse, friends, neighbors, relations, priest were perceived as eaningful resource person. 4. The correlation coefficient of burden and social support was somewhat negative correlation but no statistical significance(r=-.072). Therefore, a further study is necessary to repeat the qualitative research for exploring factor to be affected family caregiver's burden according to disease proceeding stage. On the basis of the results from this study, future research will be promoted valid and reliable tool development. Through this study, nurses understand and assess the individual psychologic burden and further it would be recommendated to produce professional education program for pediatric oncologic specialist nurse.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.670-681
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to identity the level of burden, social support and quality of life of the subjects. The subjects of this study were 68 mothers of nephrotic syndrome patients whose children were hospitalized in one pediatric ward of the University Hospital in Seoul. The data was collected using questionnaires, and the period of the data collection was from Nov. 15 to Dec. 31, 1999. The instruments used for this study were the Burden Measurement Instrument developed by Montgomery et. al(1985), social support measurement instrument designed Brandt an Weinert(1978) and Quality of life scale designed by Ro,Yoo JA(1988). The data analysis was done by SPSS, t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of were as follows. 1. The level of burden showed a mean score of 54.47, the level of social support, a mean score of 86.00 and the level quality of life, a mean score of 140.20. 2. The level of burden differed according to mother's religion, patient's purpose for admission and perceived patient's condition by mothers. 3. The level of social support and the level of quality of life differed according to perceived patient's condition by mothers. 4. There was a negative correlation between burden and social support(r=-.348, p<.001). Also, burden was negatively related with quality of life(r=-3.97, p<.001). Social support was positively related with quality of life(r=.064, p<.001).

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.121-139
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• 2017

This study aimed to explore the moderating effect of social support resources on the life satisfaction and caregiving burden of family caregivers taking care of the elderly in long-term care services. The study participants were selected from among the family caregivers utilizing 30 home care centers in Seoul, Korea. Of the candidates who agreed to participate in the study, 250 caregivers who had supported the elderly at home for at least 6 months were selected. The data collected were analyzed using SPSS ver. 21.0. The study findings were as follows. First, the whole family caregivers' caregiving burden of family caregivers was found to be slightly higher than the median value. More specifically, the physical burden was the heaviest, followed by the family relationship burden, the social activity burden, the emotional burden, and the financial burden. Social support resources and life satisfaction were found to be a little bit higher than the median value. Second, the variables that statistically significantly increased life satisfaction, starting with the strongest effect, were a lower psycho emotional burden, greater informational support resources, a lower economical burden, greater emotional support, a younger caregiver age, a higher monthly income, and a shorter care period. Third, informational support resources were found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between the support burden and life satisfaction. The more the participants used the informational support resource subcategory of the social support resources, the narrower the life satisfaction decrease, even though the caregivers felt a support burden. Informational support resources appear to have a statistically significant buffering effect.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.418-428
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• 1999

The main purpose of this study was to identify the effects of group social support and individual social support on the reduction of burden and improvement in family functioning of families with asthmatic children. The design of this study was a randomized pre-posttest quasi-experimental design to compare the two experimental groups. The theoretical framework for this study was derived from the study of burden in family caregivers by Suh and Oh (1993) based on the main effect model of social support theories. The data were collected from February 12, 1998 to May 29, 1998 at the pediatric out patient department of a university hospital located in Suwon city. The sample consisted of 39 family members who were identified as families with asthmatic children, Eighteen subjects were randomly assigned to the group social support group and 21 were assigned to the individual social support group. Group and individual social support members were seen for 60 to 90 minutes, four times over one to three weeks. The instruments used in this study were the Burden Scale developed by Suh & Oh(1993), the Visual Analogue Scale, and the Family Adaptability Cohesion Evaluation Scale(FACES-III) developed by Olson, Portner, and Lavee(1985). The collected data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney test, x$^2$-test, Wilcoxon sign rank test, t-test, ANOVA (Scheff), Pearson correlation coefficient. multiple regression, and social support process and content analysis. The results are as follow : 1. There was no significant difference before the experimental treatment among the subjects in the group social support group and individual social support group for general characteristics, burden, or family functioning. 2. Hypothesis 1 : “There will be a greater reduction on the burden score of the group social support group compared to the individual social support group” was not statistically significant(U＝174.5, p＝.683). The burden scores showed a significant decrease after participation in social support as compared to before participation for both groups. However there was a tendency for more reduction in the burden scores for the group social support than for individual social support. 3. Hypothesis 2 : “There will be a greater improvement in the family functioning scores for the group social support group compared to the individual social support group” was not statistically significant(U＝153.0. p＝.309). There was a tendency toward improvement in the family functioning scores of the group social support as compared to that of the individual social support. 4. According to the length of the treatment period, families with asthmatic children displayed affirmative responses, and the families set up a self-help group of mothers with asthmatic children in order to share their experiences, to get information and to solve their problems. In conclusion, it was found that group social support was the more effective nursing intervention for reducing burden and for improving family functioning of families with asthmatic children.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.45
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• pp.374-399
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• 2001

Experiences of the subjective burden and its determinants were analyzed in a sample of 110 primary family caregivers of adult schizophrenic patients. The subjects reported varying amount of subjective burden and its mean score was 17.84 that meant considerably high level of subjective burden. Reports of subjective burden were high in the items of 'pity', 'frustration and resentment', 'regret'. The result of factor analysis revealed that subjective burden consisted of four factors such as 'hopelessness', 'frustration and resentment', 'fear', and 'pity and anxiety'. The results about the determining variables of subjective burden indicated that the prognosis of patient, perceived stigma, the number of previous hospitalization, the availability of secondary caregiver, primary caregiver's age, and family income were predictive of primary caregivers' subjective burden. The result examining the multivariate relationship among subjective burden, stressors, social support, family demographic and socioeconomic characteristics revealed that the more important determinants of subjective burden were the prognosis of patient, perceived stigma, and the number of previous hospitalization, Implications for intervention to help with primary caregivers' subjective burden were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.209-221
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• 2000

This longitudinal study examines the burdens and related factors for stroke patient's primary family caregivers. Sixty-one patients treated for stroke at a general hospital in Chung-nam province and family member caregivers participated in this study from July 28, 1998 to August 1, 1999. Family caregivers' burdens were assessed by the burden scale originally developed by Zarit(1980) and Novak & Geust(1989) and modified by Oh's(1993) for use in Korea. The burden scale instrument consists of five subscales.: financial burden, social burden, physical burden, dependency burden, and emotional burden. Repeated ANOVA and Stepwise multiple regression were used in the data analyses. The results were as follows: The burden mean score was 3.23 in the hospital, 3.26 after hospital release, and 3.27 in the home environment. In the hospital, a patient's degree of cognition, and social support for family caregivers were significant factors affecting the sense of burden felt by family caregivers. After hospital release, the significant factors affecting the sense of burden were the degree to which stroke patients could participate in daily living activities, social support for family caregivers, and changing to a second caregiver. In the home environment, the most significant factor affecting the sense of burden was social support for family caregivers.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.439-452
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• 1997

Mothers of handicapped children experience many problems and difficulties related to the child's prolonged dependency and demands for special care. Social support can be identified as stress-relieving factor, social support is considered to decrease the amount of negativeness in an individual or family. This study attempted to identify the level of burden and social support in mothers of children who are handicapped, and to determine whether social support is an effective strategy for burden relief in these mothers. The method used in the study was a correlational descriptive survey using a questionnaire. The subjects for the study were 42 mothers who have the handicapped children, between two to twelve years of age, being treated at S General Welfare House for Handicapped and S Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The data were collected during 1 month from March 20 to April 20, 1996. The instruments used for this study was a structured questionnaire which was the Burden scale developed by Suh Mihae and Oh Kasil(1993) and the PRQ(Personal Resource Questionnaire) scale developed by Brandt & Weinert(1981). The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS computer program, yielding frequencies, percentiles, means, standard deviations, $x^{2}$-test, Pearson's correlation coefficienct, t-test and ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows ; 1)The range of age in the subjects was $29{\sim}44$ years, the range age in the handicapped children was $2{\sim}12$ years. 2) The mean score of burden, for the mothers of the handicapped children was 2.75(standard deviation was 0.47) of a possible total of 5. 3) The mean score of social support, for the mothers of the handicapped children was 4.99 (standard deviation was 0.59) of a possible total of 7. 4) There was an negative correlations hip between burden level and the social support, but there was no statistically significant correlationship between burden level and the social support(r = -.2252, p = .076) 5) In the general characteristics influencing on the burden level was significantly related with the sex(t = - 2.87, p = .007) and the degree of child's handicap level(F = 11.8680, p = .000l). In the general characteristics influencing on the social support was significantly related with the family(husband) support(F = 3.5199, p = .0240). There were significant differences in the mother's levels of burden depending upon the severity of child's handicap. In other words, the degree of mother's burden was directly proportionate to the degree of child's handicap level. There were significant differences in the mother's levels of social support depending upon the family(husband) support. In conclusion, on the basis of the results of this study, there was no statistically significant correlationship between burden level and the social support. Above results suggest that strategies for the intervention programs in diminishing the mother's burden and reinforcing the social support.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.368-376
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• 2019

Purpose: In Korea, the prevalence of dementia patients has increased, which makes the care burden of nurses important. The purpose of this study is to identify factors affecting the care burden of nurses caring elderly patients with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional design was conducted using a convenience sample of 127 nurses from two hospitals and a nursing home in Korea. Participants completed questionnaires on knowledge of and attitudes toward dementia, social support, self-esteem, dementia problematic behavior (DPB), and professional caregiver burden index. The data were analyzed by using the t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression with the SPSS/windows version 21.0 program. Results: The influencing factors for nurse burden include day shift, DPB, self-esteem, social support, which explain 28.0% of care burden of nurses. Conclusion: To reduce the burden of the nurses, there needs to be an administrative system that focuses on enhancing their self-esteem and social support. Active institutional support may be necessary for the nurses taking care of elderly patients with dementia.