• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2008

The aim of the present study was to develop a cognitive-behavioral group therapy program for social anxiety in Korean adolescents and to examine its efficacy through pre-, post- and 2-year follow-up tests. The program included cognitive restructuring, exposure training and social skills training. KSAS-A and SASC-R were administered to 588 1st grade middle-school female students to assess their social anxiety levels. On the basis of double criteria procedure(top 10% scores on both scales), 59 students were selected initially. Individuals currently receiving clinical treatment were excluded. Finally, 40 students were selected and randomly assigned to either a treatment group or a wait-list control group. The program consisted of 12 weekly sessions, approximately 1.5-2 hours in duration. Whereas pre- and post-tests were administered to both groups, follow-up tests were administered to the treatment group only. The collected data were statistically analyzed through independent t-test and paired t-test. The results of the study were as follows: 1) At post-test students in the treatment group showed a very significant reduction in social anxiety and fear of negative evaluation by others in comparison with those in the wait-list group. 2) At post-test students in the treatment group showed a significant reduction in negative automatic thoughts in comparison with those in the wait-list group. 3) At post-test students in the treatment group showed a significant improvement in overall social skills in comparison with those in the wait-list group. 4) At post-test students in the wait-list group showed a significant increase in both social anxiety and negative automatic thoughts in comparison with those in the treatment group. 5) At 3-month, 1-year and 2-year follow-ups, the program's effectiveness was maintained.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.657-667
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of participation in sports for all on independent living and social physique anxiety in people with physical disabilities. Participants were 311 individuals with physical disabilities who participated in local sports competition and sports for all in B-city, U-city, and K-province. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0 in this study. Several data analyses were used: frequency analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, and simple regression analysis. The results were as follows. First, participation in sports for all positively influenced social independence, psychological independence, physical independence, and overall independence in individuals with physical disabilities. Second, participation had a negative effect on social physique anxiety. Third, physical independence and overall independence showed a negative effect on social physique anxiety, whereas, social independence and psychological independence showed a no effect on social physique anxiety.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1795-1802
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• 2015

Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types in women and is amongst the most devastating and stressful events in the life of women. The external appearance of breast cancer patients usually changes due to the surgical and/or medical therapies used. An association may be found between social support perception and social appearance anxiety in patients with breast cancer in the period after mastectomy. Therefore, this study investigated the social appearance anxiety and social support status in women with breast cancer in our country. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in breast cancer patients undergoing treatment or follow-up in Medical Oncology and General Surgery departments. Results: The mean age of the participants was $51.13{\pm}8.48$ years (range, 24-74 years) with nearly half of the patients (40.6%) aged 40-50 years. Of the patients, 39.1% had stage 3 breast cancer. The mean score on Cancer Patient's Social Support Scale (CPSSS) was $134.85{\pm}9.35$, and there was a significant difference in CPSSS total scores betweena the age groups, educational levels, self-reported income levels and stage of disease (p<0.05). The mean Social Image Anxiety Scale (SIAS) score was found to be $34.30{\pm}9.35$ (min:16, max:66) in women participating in this study. The CPSSS and SIAS scores of the participants were inversely correlated, and the SIAS score was found to decrease with the increasing CPSSS score but with no statistically significant difference (r=-0.110, p=0.217). Conclusions: Social appearance anxiety is higher in the patients with poor social support.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2012

Objective : Individuals with anxiety disorders experience a wide range of time to seeking treatment (TST) as well as various comorbid mental disorders. The present study examined the TST in social anxiety disorder (SAD) and panic disorder. This study aimed to find out the influence of comorbid mental disorder on TST of anxiety disorder through the comparison of SAD and panic disorder. Methods : This study included 311 SAD and 378 panic disorder patients at the initial visit of psychiatric clinic. Contribution of clinical (number of comorbidity, comorbid type and onset age) and demographic (current age) factors to TST were investigated by multivariate analysis. Results : The median length of TST was 14.03 years in SAD and 2.26 years in panic disorder. In social anxiety disorder, fewer comorbidity, younger onset age, and older age were factors associated with delayed TST. In panic disorder, only younger onset age was associated with delayed TST. In both disorders, comorbid depressive disorder was associated with shorter TST. Conclusion : Our data provided the differences in illness behavior needing help based on comorbid mental disorders between SAD and panic disorder. In addition to comorbid disorder, factors affecting TST of anxiety disorder requires future investigation.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.259-270
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of mattering and unconditional self-acceptance in the relationship between college student socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. For this purpose, a questionnaire was conducted for students in college and a total of 408 copies were used for analysis. The instruments used in the measurement were socially prescribed perfectionism scale(HFMPS), social anxiety scale, mattering scale, and unconditional self-acceptance. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and correlation analysis using SPSS 21.0, and the structural equation model and mediating effects were verified using Mplus 7.0. The results of the study are as follows. First socially-prescribed perfectionism showed a positive correlation with social anxiety but negative correlation with mattering and unconditional self-acceptance. And there was a positive correlation between mattering and unconditional self-acceptance but negative correlation with social anxiety. Second, the mediating effect of mattering was confirmed in the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Third, the mediating effect of unconditional self-acceptance was confirmed in the relationship between socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety. Fourth, the effect of double mediation of mattering and unconditional self-acceptance was confirmed in relation to socially-prescribed perfectionism and social anxiety in college students. Based on these findings, the implications of the study were presented and the limitations of the study and suggestions for further research were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.717-748
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• 2022

This study was conducted to develop and validate the social media anxiety and anger scale(SAACS), which measures emotions, especially anxiety and anger that can be contagioned to individuals, through posts and comments on social conflicts in social media. A literature search was conducted on social conflicts in social media, 12 factors(anxiety and anger about gender, crime, generation, wealth gap, politics, region) were selected. Then questions were developed after looking into previous literature and reviewing community posts and comments, and 105 preliminary questions were selected. Following the results of exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis for people aged 20 to 39 age group, SAACS was revised to 12 factors(anxiety and anger about gender, crime, generation, wealth gap, politics, and region) and 48 questions. When verifying the validity, the SAACS had a significant level of correlation with the SNS addiction tendency scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, Korean aggression questionnaire(K-AQ), and the state-trait anxiety inventory(STAI-X). SAACS showed no significant correlation with Korean emotional contagion scale(K-ECS). Finally, based on the results, the implications of this study and suggestions for future studies were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.14-22
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• 1997

This study was designed to determine anxiety factors and levels of anxiety of foreign industrial workers. One hundred and seventy five workers were researched who were working in Guro Working Complex, Ansan City and Sungnam City Working Complex asking 60 questionnaires from Feb. 25, 1996 to April 12, 1996. The results were as follows ; 1. The 30.3% of foreign workers were from Nepal, 17.7% from Bangladesh, 10.9% from SriLanka, 14. 9% from Philippines, 1.1% from Ghana. 80% of foreign workers were male, 11.1% were single and most of them were in the age from 25 to 34. 37.1% of foreign workers had not lived in Korea less than 12 months, 58.8% graduated from college, 33.7% from high school, and more than half lived in a dormitory. 2. On the anxiety level related to subject workers' general characteristics, the anxiety level from Nepal recorded the highest point 2.70 statistically showing a significant difference(p=0.0003). On the physical anxiety level, the workers from Nepal recorded a significantly low point comparing with Jamaica, Burma, Vietnam and Nigeria(p=0.01). 3. Emotional anxiety level marked the highest on the workers living as a tenant comparing with the workers in dormitory. 4. On anxiety factors, the emotional anxiety recoded the highest, the social anxiety and the somatic anxiety. 5. On the relation between the anxiety factor, the somatic anxiety factor had a relation with emotional, environmental, and occupational factors and on the other relation between the anxiety factor and emotional factor had a relation with environmental, social, cultural factors. Moreover, the environmental factor had a relation with the cultural factor, social factor had a relation with the cultural factor, and cultural factor was related to the occupational factor.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.212-220
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• 1999

This study was designed to determine anxiety factors and levels of anxiety of foreign industrial workers. One hundred and seventy five workers were researched who were working in Guro Working Complex, Ansan City and Sungnam City Working Complex asking 60 questionnaires from Feb. 25, 1996 to April 12, 1996. The results were as follows ; 1. The 30.3% of foreign workers were from Nepal. 17.7% from Bangladesh 10.9% from Srilanka, 14.9% from Philippines, 1.1% from Ghana. 80% of foreign workers were male, 77.7% were single and most of then were in the age from 25 to 34. 37.1% of foreign workers had not lived in Korea less than 12 months, 58.8% graduated from college, 33.7% from highschool, and more than half lived in a dormitory. 2. On the anxiety level related to subject workers' general characteristics, the workers level from Nepal recorded the highest point 2.70 statistically showing a significant difference(P=0.0003). On the physical anxiety level, the workers from Nepal recorded a significantly low point comparing with Jamaica, Burma, Vietnam and Nigeria(P=0.01). 3. Emotional anxiety level marked the highest on the workers living as a tenant comparing with the workers in dormitory. 4. On anxiety factors, the emotional anxiety recoded the highest, the social anxiety and the somatic anxiety. 5. On the relation between the anxiety factor, the somatic anxiety factor had a relation with emotional, environmental, and occupational factors and on the other relation between the anxiety factor and emotional factor had a relation with environmental, social, cultural factors. Moreover, the environmental factor had a relation with the cultural factor, social factor had a relation with the cultural factor, and cultural factor was related to the occupational factor.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.440-449
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the moderate effect of social support on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms among poor older women in rural areas. Methods: This was a secondary analysis of the data from 209 women who were participated in the intervention study to evaluate the effectiveness of depression prevention program. Data were collected between April and September 2012. The data were analyzed using moderate multiple regressions. Results: Among these poor older women, depressive symptoms were associated with death anxiety and social support. Self-esteem support had a moderating effect on the relationship between death anxiety and depressive symptoms. Conclusion: The results indicate that the self-esteem support was effective in decreasing depressive symptoms and death anxiety in poor older women. In order to reduce their depression and make positive changes in their lives, self-esteem improvement programs are needed.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.341-351
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim this study was to identify the factors that influence the social adjustment of North Korean defectors. The participants were 156 North Korean defectors over 20 years old residing in G and C cites. Methods: The data were collected from August 1 to October 31, 2014, and analyzed using the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program with one-way ANOVA, t-test, Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple stepwise regression. Results: The general characteristics, such as family, health status, and job, had a significant influence on social adjustment. The level of depression and anxiety was less than moderate and the levels of self-esteem, hope, and social adjustment were moderate. The correlations among depression, anxiety, self-esteem, hope, and social adjustment were significant. These variables showed an explanation rate 28% and self-esteem (${\beta}=.17$), depression (${\beta}=-.15$), anxiety (${\beta}=-.15$), hope (${\beta}=.14$), job (temporary)(${\beta}=-.10$), health status (bad)(${\beta}=-.07$), job (no)(${\beta}=-.04$) were statistically significant among the variables that influenced social adjustment. Conclusion: A program of nursing intervention is needed to care for the mental and physical health problems as well as social education to reduce the negative perception of North Korean defectors.