• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.207-227
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• 2007

본 연구는 오늘날 범지구적 차원에서 심각한 수준에 있는 생태계 파괴에 대한 사회학적 함의를 정립하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 먼저 생태계의 개념과 구조를 살펴보고, 다음으로 인간활동으로 인한 생태계 파괴의 메커니즘을 분석하고, 마지막으로 그 메커니즘에 기초하여 생태계 파괴에 대한 사회학적 함의를 정립하였다. 생태계로서의 자연은 인간 없이 존재할 수 있지만 인간은 자연 없이는 생존할 수 없다. 따라서 생계위기는 곧 인간의 위기다. 그럼에도 불구하고 18세기 산업혁명 이후 풍요성과 편리성 추구를 위한 인간의 활동 결과 지구는 점용환경용량을 2.5배 초과되었다. 이것은 인간이 범한 모순이다. 이 모순을 해결하면서 사회발전을 추진하자는 이념으로 1987년 지속가능발전이 제창되었고, 지속가능발전은 1990년대 중반에 지속가능사회로 대치되었고, 2000년대에 와서는 지속가능사회가 생태적 근대화로 대체되었다. 18세기 산업혁명 이후 풍요성과 편리성 증대를 위한 인간의 활동으로 생태계가 파괴되기 시작한 후, 생태계를 보전하면서 사회발전을 추진하자는 생태적 근대화 이념이 출현까지의 역사적 과정은 정(正)-반(反)-합(合)의 변증법 과정으로 이론화될 수 있다. 산업혁명 이전의 농업사회 때는 인간의 활동이 점용환경용량 범위 안에서 이루어졌기 때문에 환경문제가 없었다. 이 시대는 생태적 지속가능성이 유지되었기 때문에 생태적 합(合)의 상태라고 할 수 있다. 산업혁명 이후 인간의 활동이 생태계의 점용환경용량을 초월시킨 것은 생태계에 반(反)이 작용한 것이다. 따라서 범지구적 차원에서 환경문제의 심각성을 인식하고 지속가능발전을 위한 정책이 도입되기 이전까지 생태계는 정(正)과 반(反)이 대립상태에서 공존하였다. 1990년대 이후 생태적 지속가능성을 위한 각종 지속가능발전정책의 도입은 정(正)과 반(反)의 대립을 통해 다시 생태학적 합(合)의 상태를 지향하는 과정이라고 할 수 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.279-288
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• 2006

Saemangeum reclamation project was started in 1991 with the purpose of eco-friendly reclamation, but without clear definition of eco-friendliness. This study was carried out to find out the environmental indicators to define and evaluate the eco-friendliness of Saemangeum project. The methodology to identify the indicators included the analysis of similar reclamation projects, professional discussions, and Delphi survey. The eco-friendly indicators are theoretically based on the five elements of eco-friendliness; 1) resource consumption, 2) energy consumption, 3) pollution emission, 4) bio-diversity, 5) social amenity. The 69 indicators were explained in detail for the convenient use of the indicators by the potential users. The 69 indicators were classified into three categories such as pre-evaluation, process evaluation, and post-evaluation. In terms of spatial consideration, the 69 indicators were classified into two categories such as direct influence area and indirect influence area. Also the 69 indicators were classified into 7 categories: 1) sea, 2) lake, 3) agricultural land use, 4) industrial land use, 5) residential land use, 6) tourism land use, and 7) environmental land use. Twenty core indicators were selected from the 69 indicators by surveying the importance of each indicator. The core indicators are recommended in case of time and budget strain. When there are few quantitative data accumulated for the reclamation project, 5 macro indicators are recommended to be used. Macro indicators are qualitative in nature, and may be used in order to evaluate the overall eco-friendliness of a reclamation project.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.725-734
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• 2012

The outbreak of foot and mouth disease in November 2010 raised many social, economic and environmental issues and water contaminations by leachate from carcass disposal sites particularly emerged as a serious concern. In oder to efficiently handle these problems, a critical method is required to transport leachate to livestock manure and sewage treatment plants and purify it. This study aims to present the best applicable method to transport leachate from carcass disposal sites into livestock manure and sewage treatment facilities. We investigated the biological and chemical characteristics such as BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP and Total coliforms. Current conjugated treatments in livestock manure and sewage treatment plants was studied by surveying the operations of those facilities. The NIER-MASS(National Institute of Environmental Research - Mass Balance Evaluation System of Sewage Treatment Facilities) program was applied to present the best conjugated treatment method through estimating the maximum daily load to meet the water quality standards in effluent.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.124-140
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• 2016

본 연구는 한국노동패널(Korea Labor and Income Panel Study, KLIPS) 제1차~제15차년도 자료와 환경부에서 제공하는 수질자료를 이용하여, 개인의 전반적인 생활만족도(life satisfaction)가 수질오염으로 대표되는 환경오염에 의해 어떻게 영향을 받는가를 실증적으로 분석한 것이다. 서수적 순서를 가진 종속변수의 특성과 패널자료의 이질성을 감안하여 패널 확률효과 순서형 프로빗(panel random-effects ordered probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 수질오염도를 반영하는 지표로는 생물화학적 산소요구량(biochemical oxygen demand, BOD), 총인(total phosphorus, TP) 농도를 사용하였다. 또한 기존의 연구에서와 같이 개인의 경제적 특성, 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 분석 결과 BOD, TP 모두 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외 다른 변수들은 선행연구에서 나타난 결과와 유사하다. 자신의 소득 증가, 연령, 기혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 여성, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 타인의 소득 증가, 실업자, 도시거주, 자영업자인 경우는 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.607-615
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• 2010

Urban green space is often at the centre of the debate on urban substantiality because it provides functions of space, e.g. for wildlife, recreation, growing vegetables, psychological wellbeing, social interaction, etc. Traditionally, the various functions of urban green spaces clearly show that green spaces contain important values that contribute to the overall quality of urban life. After Kyoto protocol, it has becoming important to more accurately evaluate carbon uptake by urban green space. Many studies have analyzed the benefits, costs, and carbon storage capacity associated with urban green space. These studies have been limited by a lack of research on urban tree biomass and carbon uptake by soil, such that estimates of carbon storage in urban systems. This study calculate more accurately the amount of carbon uptake by urban green space. This study also complement the existing methods to estimate the urban green space carbon uptake. It has been studied how to evaluate carbon uptake function of urban green space. The surface area of urban green space increased 5% by complemented method and carbon uptake is also increased. Based on this result, the carbon uptake per capita was analysed and compared to the area of carbon uptake. And this study discussed the reasons for the differences between the new and earlier estimates, as well as implications for our understanding of the global carbon cycle. In conclusion, these results could contribute as preliminary data to policy makers when climate change adaptation strategy is established.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 1997

Nowadays, the environmental conservation has become a hot issue. Also the sustainable city issue is recognized as one of the most important tasks to be solved urgently for urban development. Therefore, the current indicator for sustainable city has been analyzed only as a segment of the environmental indicator which is one kind of branch of social indicator. However, considering the degree of pollution and heightened concern, it is time to develop a new and improved framework for the analysis of the sustainable city indicator. This study aims for the development of sustainable city indicator and the examination of practical method for the use of them. Urban sustainable city indicators are based on the "Pressure-State-Response (PSR) framework" which has been adopted by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). The indicators suggested in this study is composed of the following categories: 1. Indicators of natural environment itself, such as land structure (available land use index etc.), bio-species (bio-diversity index etc.), environment resources (water quantity index etc.) 2. Indicators of relationship between man and environment, such as sustainability of using material (recycle of water index etc.), pressure size (pressure index on air etc.), effort of prevention (environmental basic facility index, etc.) 3. Indicators of environmental state, such as landscape and culture (historical & cultural index etc.), environmental pollution (air pollution index etc.) A sustainable city environment is necessary and obtainable, yet its realization seems to be difficult. The urban pollution problems have become more serious than ever before thus requiring much interest. Therefore, this kind of study is meaningful for the establishment of policy objective, and the development and management environmentally sound and sustainable cities.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.409-420
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• 2010

Heritage resources have become important social assets as the global interests in heritage tourism increased. Utilization of heritage as unique tourist destination has positive effects on regional economy, which in turn plays an important role in heritage conservation. However, it was found that the essential quality of heritage resources has been degraded and even destroyed when excessive use was permitted. This undesirable side-effects of heritage tourism have led to the growing concern for sustainable tourism that can contribute to both utilization and conservation of heritage. In order for sustainable tourism to be effectively implemented, it is crucial for visitors to be aware of the need for heritage conservation because they are the most important consumers of the heritage. The purpose of this study was to suggest some basic information for sustainable tourism by investigating visitors' evaluation of conservation and use values of heritage resources. The study sites were the two Korean traditional temples(Sokrisan Bubjusa and Naejangsan Naejangsa) and contingent valuation method was used. 390 visitors in Bubjusa and 308 visitors in Naejangsa participated in the questionnaire survey. From the results, sustainable tourism is possible in such heritage areas as traditional temples because the participants had relatively balanced values for heritage conservation and use. The WTP for natural conservation value was found to be highest in both temples; visitors may be more agreeable with the heritage conservation plan if the sustainability of natural resource is emphasized. Also, the use value of heritage could be influenced by the tourism utilization of the area where the heritage was located. If there are no other famous tourist destinations except the heritage in the area, additional plans to develop alternative destinations should be prepared in order to formulate the agreement on the need to protect the heritage among visitors, local communities, and government.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.1173-1181
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• 2020

최근 단기간의 국지성호우가 빈번하게 발생하면서 단순 1차적 피해를 넘어 경제적, 사회적 영향이 커지고 있다. 기상선진국에서는 단순 기상예보로서의 정보전달이 아닌 사회 경제적 영향을 분석하여 현실적이고 신뢰할 수 있는 영향예보를 실시하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 사람의 보행에 영향을 미칠 수 있는 영향한계강우량을 산정하기 위해서 Spatial Runoff Assessment Tool (S-RAT), FLO-2D 모델을 사용하여 침수정도를 도출하였고 Grid to Grid (G2G)개념의 한계강우량을 산정하였다. 또한, 과거 의학 분야에서 많이 사용하였지만 현재는 가뭄이나 홍수 등의 자연현상 및 머신러닝에 많이 사용하는 ROC 분석 기법을 통해 정량적인 정확도분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 실제 침수와 모의 침수가 비슷한 시간대의 결과가 나왔으며 ROC 곡선의 결과 0.7이상으로 Fair 단계의 적정성을 확보하였다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.109-122
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• 2001

This study was performed to identify the roles of residents for the environmentally sound and sustainable development, taco-polis(kologisches Bauen), eco-village and Symbiotic Housing. These buildings will achieve energy efficiency through design strategies such as passive solar heating system, natural cooling and day lighting. Their infrastructure will feature parking on the periphery, extensive pedestrian paths, outdoor ground lights that preserve stellar visibility, and environmentally sensitive technologies such as low writer use fixtures. And they will restore biodiversity while protecting the wildlife, wetlands, forests, soil, air and water. Their houses wile be designed to support home-based occupations, offering high-speed Internet access and other options to promote a localized, sustainable economy. To support and encourage the evolution of sustainable settlements, it is necessary to prepare constructing the physical facilities and the social functions relating with residents. The roles of residents are important to provide a high Quality lifestyle and to integrate a supportive social environment with a low-impact way of life. This study concluded the four main roles of residents for the sustainable of Eco-polis and Ecovillage. 1. Residents assist transition towards a sustainable society as eco-conscious consumers in the planning stage. 2. Residents live in a ecological way for the sustainable ecovillage. 3. Residents exchange information and education for increasing the community glue as a communication network. 4. Residents support and transmit their cultural vitality and tradition for the next generation. So, users are expected to encourage resident's participation in the planning, design, ongoing management and maintenance of the sustainable ecovillage.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2017

As carcass disposal is increasing widely in Republic of Korea, there is a need to comprehensively analyze the impacts and subsequent damages of carcass disposal. Especially, since environmental policy aims to not only reduce environmental damages, but also enhance overall sustainability, we apply the concept of environmental welfare to assess the comprehensive impact of carcass disposal, especially focusing on the rural area. In specific, assessment criteria were suggested based on the four categories related to environmental welfare, which were 'environmental quality', 'level of environmental service', 'environmental safety', and 'participation, openness to public, and communication'. The results showed negative impacts of carcass disposal in environmental, social and economical elements. Overall decrease in environmental quality negatively impacts the other elements of environmental welfare. Furthermore, there were discrepancies of level of impacts and damages among stakeholder. In the end, we suggest critical elements that need to be applied in relevant policies and regulation to promote effective carcass disposal management.