• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.399-407
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• 2020

The paper examines social entrepreneurial intention through outcome expectations. The proposed model incorporates outcome expectations from social cognitive career theory and theory of planned behaviors. The study also introduces a scale for outcome expectations in social entrepreneurship, including solving social problems, innovation, family tradition of social involvement, meaning in life, prestige and social recognition, competitive and favorite job and wealth. A survey of 279 students was conducted through face-to-face structured interviews. The confirm factor analysis and technique of structural equation modeling were used to explore relationships among latent constructs. Research results show that the outcomes impact only through three determinants of theory of planned behavior and do not have significant impact to social entrepreneurial intention. It suggests that outcome expectations may be a flexible factor. Individual outcome expectations can shift to motivations when facing favorable conditions such as family support, government support, etc. The findings suggest that the ability to predict social entrepreneurial intention of attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. The proposed model in this study contributes importantly to the emerging literature on entrepreneurial intention, particularly to social entrepreneurial intention. This study is also the first quantitative study to measure the impact of outcome expectations on social entrepreneurial intention.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.8
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• pp.671-680
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• 2020

This study develops the model to estimate the links between social capital, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, perceived desirability and social entrepreneurial intention. Besides exploring the direct impacts of social capital, social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and perceived desirability on social entrepreneurial intention, this study also focus on discovering the mediating roles of perceived desirability and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy on this relationship. Throughout adopting measures from some previous studies, the authors design the questionnaires and distribute to students in Vietnam. The study presents some demographic information of 289 students, who are studying at university and colleges in Vietnam. Then, the validity and reliability of scales are assessed using the value of Cronbach's alpha, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). In addition, by utilizing the structural modeling structure (SEM), the authors show that social capital plays the important role in shaping social entrepreneurial self-efficacy, perceived desirability, and social entrepreneurial intention. Interestingly, besides the direct effects on social entrepreneurial intention, perceived desirability and social entrepreneurial self-efficacy also mediate the correlation between social capital and social entrepreneurial intention. Also, with the interesting findings of the study, the authors propose several recommendations for policy-makers, educators and academics to promote the social entrepreneurship and innovation among Vietnamese students.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.63-72
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• 2018

Social entrepreneurship is increasingly gaining interest in developing countries for the great benefits of society. In Vietnam, the concept of social entrepreneurship is still quite new. Entrepreneurial intention is regarded as a useful and practial approach for understanding actual entrepreneurial behavior. The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated model based on planned behavior to examine the direct and indirect effect of perceived access to finance on social entrepreneurial intention. The confirm factor analysis to study the latent constructs underlying determinants of planned behavioral theory, perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurial intention. Then, it applies the technique of structural equation modeling to explore relationships among latent constructs. There is no direct relationship between perceived access to finance and social entrepreneurial intention. Perceived access to finance only indirectly increases entrepreneurial intention through attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral. This study focuses on the perceptual factor of financial access that affects entrepreneurial intentions. The study does not cover other in-depth issues of social entrepreneurship such as decision making, leadership, personality traits, social capital, and human capital. To establish an environment with a strong social entrepreneurial intention, a focus on developing perceived access to finance is an extremely important factor. This study also suggests that attitude towards behavior and perceived behavioral have a strong impact to social entrepreneurship.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-96
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of entrepreneurial mentoring as an effective support method to increase the awareness and entrepreneurial intention of university students. Therefore, the mediating effect of social support and entrepreneurial self-efficacy was demonstrated in the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring and entrepreneurial intention. As a result of the analysis, the positive role of entrepreneurial mentoring was confirmed as an influencing factor to increase the intention of young prospective entrepreneurs to set up and increase their expectations for social support. Specifically, entrepreneurial mentoring had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, social support, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Social support had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, respectively, and partially mediated the relationship between entrepreneurial mentoring and entrepreneurial intention. Entrepreneurial self-efficacy had a positive effect on entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy fully mediated between entrepreneurial mentoring and entrepreneurial intention. Through this study, it was proved that entrepreneurial mentoring is an important factor that positively influences entrepreneurial intention, social support, and entrepreneurial self-efficacy. In addition, by identifying the effect of social support on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, it was confirmed that the individual's self-confidence and efficacy increased when they recognized the belief or utilization of social support. Finally, by confirming that entrepreneurial mentoring has a positive effect on social support and that social support mediates between entrepreneurial mentoring and entrepreneurial intention, the entrepreneurial mentoring program raises the entrepreneurial intention to start a business and helps founders to social support. It has been confirmed that it can be used as a way to raise the awareness and effect of startup supporting policy in practice as well.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.51-76
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• 2022

Identifying the factors that influence the formation of the entrepreneurial intention is important in cultivating entrepreneurs and inducing entrepreneurial innovation in the country. Previous studies have mainly examined the direct effects of social cognition attributes as predictors on entrepreneurial intentions or entrepreneurial activities. However, the fundamental factors that these social cognition attributes are derived from have not been sufficiently addressed in the field of entrepreneurship. Based on social cognitive theory and schema theory, this study assumes that an individual's entrepreneurial experience is an important antecedent factor in forming social cognitive attributes, and reveals the mechanism for how experience forms entrepreneurial intention. To this end, this study analyzes the influence of entrepreneurs' prior experience of entrepreneurial activities on entrepreneurial self-efficacy, opportunity recognition, and fear of failure which are considered to be the main variables that shape entrepreneurial intention. And it analyzes how these factors have a significant effect on entrepreneurship intention. Along with this, the mediating role of these social cognitive attributes is analyzed in order to understand the path that leads from entrepreneurial experience to entrepreneurial intention. This study also suggests how gender moderates the effect of entrepreneurship experience on social cognitive attributes. As a result of the analysis, it was found that entrepreneurial experience increase entrepreneurial self-efficacy and opportunity recognition of entrepreneurs, and decrease the fear of failure. These social perception attribute significantly mediate the relationship between entrepreneurial experience and entrepreneurial intention. This study also found that there are significant moderating effects of gender on the relationship of entrepreneurial experience and both of entrepreneurial self-efficacy and fear of failure. This study also analyzed the impact of the entrepreneurial experience of failure, which corresponds to the detailed experience. Similar to the results of entrepreneurial experience analysis, entrepreneurial experience of failure plays a role in enhancing entrepreneurial self-efficacy. However, its effect on opportunity recognition and fear of failure were not significant. An empirical analysis of data related to 25,047 entrepreneurs from 87 countries, using the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), shows the differences in the formation of individuals' entrepreneurial intentions according to entrepreneurial experience and the mediating role of social cognitive attributes. The study has embodied the social cognitive theory on entrepreneurial intention by shedding light on the variables that are important but alienated for increasing entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, the study enhances the understanding of cognitive processes leading from individual experiences to entrepreneurial intentions. This study also emphasizes the importance of differentiated approach by gender for boosting entrepreneurial intention through analysis of moderating effect of gender.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.371-382
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• 2022

In this paper, we investigates the benefits of using social media on intentions and implementation entrepreneurial. This study took place in a well-known vocational college in Bandung, Indonesia, from July 2020 to January 2021. The research method used was the explanatory survey. Research data obtained from 317 respondent. Factor analysis and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. According to this study, social media has three dimensions: ease of use, controllability, usability, and profit. Entrepreneurial intention is made up of two components: entrepreneurial motive and entrepreneurial effort. Furthermore, there are four components to entrepreneurship implementation: investment courage, technology tools, social media skills, and environmental support. Other findings of each dimension of social media proved to affect entrepreneurial intention positively. The four aspects of entrepreneurial execution were likewise positively influenced by the dimension of entrepreneurial intention. This research reveals that students make the most use of the technologies available on social media for business and interactively communicate with their customers. Therefore, social media plays a role in accelerating the growth of entrepreneurship among students. However, more research is needed to see if there is a continuous pattern in the findings of this study so that the findings can be generalized.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.43-54
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, the meaning and importance of entrepreneurship has been emphasized in order to achieve innovation-led economic growth through entrepreneurship. Various forms of entrepreneurship education have been established centering on universities, and the scale of the entrepreneurship support programs of the government and the private sector has been increasing. Entrepreneurial education can enhance entrepreneurship and promote entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of experience of entrepreneuship education and social awareness of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurship, focusing on women who were relatively alienated from entrepreneurial activities. This study will provide suggestions for women's entrepreneurship in the future. Research design, data, and methodology - Recently, the meaning and importance of entrepreneurship has been emphasized in order to achieve innovation-led economic growth through entrepreneurship. Various forms of entrepreneurship education have been established centering on universities, and the scale of the entrepreneurship support programs of the government and the private sector has been increasing. Entrepreneurial education can enhance entrepreneurship and promote entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of experience of entrepreneuship education and social awareness of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurship, focusing on women who were relatively alienated from entrepreneurial activities. This study will provide suggestions for women's entrepreneurship in the future. Result - Recently, the meaning and importance of entrepreneurship has been emphasized in order to achieve innovation-led economic growth through entrepreneurship. Various forms of entrepreneurship education have been established centering on universities, and the scale of the entrepreneurship support programs of the government and the private sector has been increasing. Entrepreneurial education can enhance entrepreneurship and promote entrepreneurial intention. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of experience of entrepreneuship education and social awareness of entrepreneurship on entrepreneurial intention through entrepreneurship, focusing on women who were relatively alienated from entrepreneurial activities. This study will provide suggestions for women's entrepreneurship in the future. Conclusions - Although women's economic activity is increasing, women's activities in the field of business start-up are still passive. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of entrepreneurship on entrepreneuship education and the social perception of entrepreneurship. As a result, we found that social awareness, entrepreneurship education, and entrepreneurship all had a significant influence on the intention of entrepreneurship. Positive social atmosphere for entrepreneurship induces interest in entrepreneurship education and forms a virtuous cycle structure that fosters entrepreneurship through entrepreneuship education. In addition, the introduction of diverse programs that encourage entrepreneurship should enhance the attractiveness of promising talent to enter the entrepreneurial market.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.27-36
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence relationships among individual career orientation, preparation of old age, social networks, and the entrepreneurial intention of the potential entrepreneurs. 408 numbers of structured questionnaire were collected from the potential entrepreneurs who live in Seoul through the online Google survey method and offline face to face method. And the collected data was analyzed on frequency analysis, validity analysis, t-test, ANOVA, and regression analysis etc. using the SPSS WIN 21.0 program. The results are as follows. Firstly, innovation, entrepreneurial creativity, and autonomy orientation affect on entrepreneurial intention positively(+), but security orientation has a negative(-) effect on entrepreneurial intention in the influence relationships between individual career orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Secondly, economical and emotional preparation have positive(+) influences on entrepreneurial intention in the influence relationships between individual career orientation and entrepreneurial intention. Thirdly, the sub-variables of social networks, that is, assist and role models exert a positive(+) influence on entrepreneurial intention in the influence relationships between social networks and entrepreneurial intention. Fourthly, social networks plays a moderating role only on the relationship between security orientation and entrepreneurial intention in the analysis about the moderating effects of social networks on the influence relationships among individual career orientation, preparation of old age, and entrepreneurial intention. Fifth, a social network of relationships to help prepare the old establishment has been found to help regulate effective analysis of whether or not the results of adjustment.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.89-104
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention, and analyze how social support gained through social relations influences on the relation between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. This study outcome is as in the following. First, both general corporate and preliminary social entrepreneur are to examine that entrepreneurial self-efficacy positively influences the entrepreneurial intention. Second, in the case of the social support, it didn't influence on preliminary general corporate. And only feedback support and instrument support are related to influence on preliminary social entrepreneur among social supports. This study shall have a significance in using the result of previous studies that entrepreneurial self-efficacy influences on entrepreneurial intention by looking into moderating effect of social support, classifying general corporate and preliminary social entrepreneur who have the entrepreneurial intention.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.421-429
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• 2022

Entrepreneurship research has focused on several factors that might affect the intention of an individual to start an enterprise. Using principles from social network theory and the entrepreneurial intention model (EI), the current research intends to investigate how social capital is formed on Social Networking Sites (SNS) and how the resulting social capital influences entrepreneurial intention. Using an online survey, 151 valid responses were received from university students. Applying partial least square structural equation modeling, positive and significant relationship was found between the SNS usage and bonding and bridging social capital. Further, it was also found that online-bonding social capital does not impact any of the three antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, online-bridging social capital significantly influences personal attitudes and subjective norms. It was also found that both personal attitude and perceived behavioral control significantly relate to EI, while the subjective norms do not relate significantly to EI. The paper contributes to the literature on technology-based human behavior and entrepreneurship in emerging countries, opening some areas for future research, while also providing some managerial insights. It also should be beneficial to educational institutions in understanding how the use of SNS use by students may be optimized.