• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-50
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• 2018

In this study, It is utilized 103 management panic data about social enterprises in Chungnam area (Chungnam, Daejeon, Sejong) region from 2011 to 2017. The organizational characteristics (organizational type, type of certification, company's region, external grants, paid employees) were set as independent variables with economic performance (sales) and social performance (employment of vulnerable class) as dependent variables. We analyzed the factors affecting the economic and social performance of social enterprises and confirmed the correlation between economic and social performance. The results of this study are as follows: First, the organizational characteristics of social enterprises showed a significant difference in sales as economic performance. External grants have no positive effect on the economic performance (sales) of social enterprises, while paid workers have a positive (+) influence on the economic performance. Second, the organizational characteristics of social enterprises showed significant differences in employment of the vulnerable class, which is social performance. Only the paid workers had a statistically significant relationship with the social performance of the social enterprise. Third, the correlation between economic performance (sales) and social performance (employment of the vulnerable class), which is the result of social enterprise, is shown. This can enhance a social enterprises' sustainable growth and self-sufficiency by improving the employment of vulnerable people, the economic performance of a social enterprise, which is sales and social performance, and ultimately can manifest the value and purpose of the social enterprise.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.332-346
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• 2013

Since the enactment of Social Enterprise Promotion Act in 2007, the December 2012 was now 801 organizations certified as social enterprise. Social enterprise in urban areas are much more activated, in order to social enterprises in rural areas be activated, what you need to improve and what measures will need to be applied by the practitioners and researchers is a challenge to be reflective. In this study, We searched for ways of social enterprise activation in rural areas, conducted by case study of social enterprise transition probabilities diagnosis and demand survey of local people based in Boseong. For research purposes, this study selects 41 corporate and non-profit organizations in order to examine social enterprise transition probabilities, the potential social enterprise certification, social enterprise-related demand, awareness of sustainability, and local issues.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.133-140
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• 2016

The study has been implemented for finding out a revitalization of the social enterprise to be continuously developed. In this research, social enterprise employees residing in JeollaNamdo were selected as the research members. The polled papers had 210 copies of total and 180 copies of recovery. The response results were written as a rule of their own way with advanced visit to them explaining how to write down. The collected data were analysed with T-test and ANOVA. As a result of the research, the system effectiveness of social enterprise is shown to influence the satisfaction of employees. Therefore, it is shown that the certification system and priority purchase system of local government can be effective. Second, it is shown that the satisfaction of employees of the social enterprise influences the satisfaction of employees. Therefore, it is shown that the need of finding out a new business item for a social enterprise to grow influences positively on the satisfaction of employees. Third, operation difficulty of the social enterprise is not shown to influence the satisfaction of employees. In other words, the satisfaction of employees is not influenced by a difficulty arising from not receiving the official recognition from local government on the social enterprise.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.7
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• pp.342-349
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to empirically analyze factors which influence social and economic performance of social enterprises, and to examine the correlation of factors affecting social and economic performance. This study was conducted following the hypothesis that the organizational characteristics(organizational type, certification type, certification year, social service supply type, and external grants) of social enterprises affect social and economic performance, and that significant correlation exists between social and economic performance. This study collected the disclosure materials of 219 social enterprises certified between 2007- 2014 from the directory of the Korean Social Enterprise Promotion Agency. The study results are as follows: First, organizational characteristics affect social performance(i.e. jobs for the vulnerable classes). In addition, certification year and external grants had a positive effect on social performance. Second, the organizational characteristics affect the economic performance(i.e. sales), and certification year and external grants had a positive effect on economic performance. However, organizational type had a negative effect on the economic performance(i.e. sales). Third, analysis found a positive correlation of factors affecting social and economic performance. This study suggests the need to diversify support policies according to the number of authentication years in order to promote self-reliance and sustainability by maximizing the social and economic performance of social enterprises.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.43-59
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• 2019

The promotion of social economy is one of the Korean government's top 100 initiatives. As of August 2019, there are 2,249 certified social enterprises in Korea, showing explosive growth with a 41-fold increase from 2007 when the Social Enterprise Promotion Act was first enacted. Currently, the discussion of the sustainability of social-economic organizations is lively, including the issue of changing the certification system to the registration system. Noting the unusual management structure of social enterprise - seeking both social and economic value, this study identifies factors affecting the performance of social enterprises. The study focuses on an empirical investigation of the relationships between characteristics of entrepreneurs' experiences in social economy, strategic competency, the extent to which they seek social value, and their performance. This study is unique in social enterprise research due to its approach to the hybrid management structure of social enterprise with a focus on entrepreneurs' characteristics. Accordingly, this empirical investigation focuses on how social-value seeking mediates the relationships between strategic competency emphasized in typical for-profit enterprises, the characteristics of experiences stressed in social-economic organizations, and the performance of social enterprises. The study findings suggest that, firstly, social entrepreneurs must seek social value as a top priority and improve economic performance using strategic competency to keep pursuing social value, and secondly, social-value seeking must be founded upon entrepreneurs' understanding and experiences in social economy. Practical implications of the study findings include concrete directions for training in social enterprises offered by relevant agencies and the establishment of competency models for current and future entrepreneurs.

• 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2018.11a
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• pp.165-175
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• 2018

Since the 1997 financial crisis, large scale unemployment and poverty have become serious, and public and social job creation projects have been carried out. However, with the limitations of low-wage and short-term jobs, the need for long-term and high quality jobs gradually began to attract attention. In recent years, social enterprises have grown both quantitatively and qualitatively and interest in social enterprises has increased. And also it is interested in the determinants of success and failure of social enterprises in the academic field. In this study, we examined the effects of social enterprise characteristics on financial and social performance, and we analyzed empirically by using social enterprises registered in the Korea Social Enterprise Agency. The financial performance of the social enterprise is measured by the net income ratio, operating income ratio, and the return on asset. The social performance of the social enterprise is measured by total number of workers and the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups. The characteristics of the social enterprise include the CEO characteristics (gender, age, experience in operating the social enterprise), the firm size, and the elapsed time of the authentication. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of analysis for the effect on financial performance, we found that the financial performance have a statistically significant positive relationship with firm size, organizational form, government subsidies and capital adequacy ratio. And it is found that the social performance have a statistically significant negative relationship with CEO age, credit debt dependence. Second, as a result of analysis for the effect on social performance, we foumd that total number of workers have a significant positive relationships with CEO gender, CEO age, and firm size, government subsidies, while total number of workers have a significant negative relationship with certification type and industry dummy. On the other hand, the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups have a siginificant positive relationship with CEO gender and certification type and It have not statistically significant relationship with the government subsidies and the firm size.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.61-72
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• 2019

Since the financial crisis in 1997, large scale unemployment and poverty have become serious, but there has been a surge in public and social job creation projects. However, with the limitations of low-wage and short-term jobs, the need for long-term, high quality jobs gradually began to garner attention. In recent years, social enterprises have grown both quantitatively and qualitatively and interest in social enterprises has increased; more specifically, scholars are interested in the determinants of success and failure of social enterprises in the academic field. In this study, we examined the effects of social enterprise characteristics on financial and social performance. In particular, we empirically analyzed social enterprises registered in the Korea Social Enterprise Agency. The financial performance of the social enterprise was measured using the net income ratio, operating income ratio, and the return on asset. The social performance of the social enterprise was measured by the total number of workers and the employment rate of vulnerable social groups. The characteristics of the social enterprise included CEO characteristics (gender, age, experience in operating the social enterprise), firm size, and the elapsed time of authentication. The results of the empirical analysis are as follows. First, as a result of analysis for the effect on financial performance, we found that the financial performance has a statistically significant, positive relationship with firm size, organizational form, government subsidies, and capital adequacy ratio. And we found that the social performance has a statistically significant, negative relationship with CEO age and credit debt dependence. Second, as a result of analysis for the effect on social performance, we found that the total number of workers had a significant, positive relationship with CEO gender and CEO age, as well as firm size, government subsidies; whereas the total number of workers had a significant, negative relationship with certification type and industry dummy. Comparatively, the employment rate of the vulnerable social groups had a significant, positive relationship with CEO gender and certification type, but there was no statistically significant relationship with the government subsidies or firm size.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.679-693
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• 2021

The aim of this study was first to expand participation types in the field of beauty design by examining activities in the field, and second, to seek practical methods for addressing the important issue of social responsibility amid the current pandemic situation. Accordingly, social responsibility in design was examined through a review of previous studies. The features of practice domains and design performance fields were examined comparatively. As a result, it was found that social practices take place in various sectors, with sensibility toward the environment being escalated to a new level in the cosmetics industry. In terms of cosmetics enterprise practices, collecting, recycling, manufacturing, and retail networking has been established to reuse up to 95% of waste resources. Furthermore, ethical responsibility and participation concerning product and service waste resources are recommended, resulting in the supply of eco-friendly products in a virtuous cycle. In terms of systematic policy, even component transformation (such as organic certification and excluding toxic substances) is being carried out. However, it was difficult to identify such responsible activities in Korea; thus, systematic practice is needed. Designers take part in talent donation activities, and it was the sector they prefer the most. However, it is necessary to conduct studies on limitations such as venues equipped with cosmetics procedure equipment and public cosmetics sanitation and make systematic improvement, such that activities can be led with initiative from passive participation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to explore the CSR activities of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry in South Korea. Since previous research on CSR activities has considerably focused on large enterprises whereas small enterprises have relatively less attention, this study aims to explore the characteristics of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry and their CSR activities. Research design, data, and methodology - The population of interest for this study was social enterprises registered in Korea Social Enterprise Promotion Agency (2016), and it was used to verify the social enterprises which has a certification for social enterprises. From 1672 companies in total, the sampling frame was a database with 117 companies in hospitality and tourism industry. This study investigates social enterprises' CSR activities on the company's official websites (e.g., company reports, magazines, the news articles, and interviews). The websites of the selected enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry were analyzed for examining CSR activities by the quantitative content analysis. All of the CSR activities in small social enterprises were classified into six dimensions based on the stakeholder theory. Results - The findings of this study provide the characteristics of the 117 small social enterprises and their specific CSR initiatives. A total of eight main business lines were identified: 1) fair travel, 2) leisure/sports, 3) accommodation/camping, 4) medical tourism, 5) exhibitions/art events/cultural events, 6) leisure activities for vulnerable social groups, 7) Korean traditional culture, and 8) ecotourism/agricultural tourism. The CSR initiatives were classified into six dimensions: 1) environment, 2) employment, 3) multicultural families and vulnerable social groups, 4) local community, 5) economic prosperity, and 6) product. Conclusions - This study revealed the special CSR initiative examples of small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry. Small social enterprises participate in CSR activities mainly related to their own business lines. Moreover, these enterprises are more closely embedded in their local community development, job creation and education for local residents and vulnerable social groups, and traditional heritage preservation. The findings of this study provide theoretical and practical implications and they can contribute to enrich CSR with literature for small enterprises in hospitality and tourism industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.122-128
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• 2017

Recently, accidents such as human accidents are increasing rapidly due to natural disasters and changes in social conditions due to abnormal weather. As a result, damage has been causing massive damage unlike the past. In the case of small and medium enterprises excluding financial institutions and big company, there is no system for prevention and restoration for stable operation from various risks such as human and natural disasters. As the current disaster continues, public and private companies have raised the need for BCM, and with the introduction of the ISO22301 certification system, the company has been establishing and operating Enterprise Disaster Management Standards in the Ministry of Public Safety and Security since 2007. However, in most SMEs, it is hard to bear the input of internal labor and investment cost, and there is a lack of personnel with expertise to conduct BCM diagnosis. Therefore, in this paper, we will study the diagnosis level of enterprise continuity plan which is commonly used in Korea and abroad. Based on this, we will study the BCM system diagnosis method which can be applied to small and medium enterprises in Korea efficiently.