Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship (벤처창업연구)

The Korean Society of Business Venturing (한국벤처창업학회)
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An Empirical Study on the Impact of Entrepreneur's Strategic Competency and Characteristics of Their Experiences on Performance of Social Enterprises: Focused on the Mediating Effect of Social-value Seeking

창업가의 전략적 역량과 경험 특성이 사회적기업의 성과에 미치는 영향 실증 연구: 사회적 가치 추구의 매개 효과를 중심으로

  • Received : 2019.09.07
  • Accepted : 2019.10.26
  • Published : 2019.10.31
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Abstract

The promotion of social economy is one of the Korean government's top 100 initiatives. As of August 2019, there are 2,249 certified social enterprises in Korea, showing explosive growth with a 41-fold increase from 2007 when the Social Enterprise Promotion Act was first enacted. Currently, the discussion of the sustainability of social-economic organizations is lively, including the issue of changing the certification system to the registration system. Noting the unusual management structure of social enterprise - seeking both social and economic value, this study identifies factors affecting the performance of social enterprises. The study focuses on an empirical investigation of the relationships between characteristics of entrepreneurs' experiences in social economy, strategic competency, the extent to which they seek social value, and their performance. This study is unique in social enterprise research due to its approach to the hybrid management structure of social enterprise with a focus on entrepreneurs' characteristics. Accordingly, this empirical investigation focuses on how social-value seeking mediates the relationships between strategic competency emphasized in typical for-profit enterprises, the characteristics of experiences stressed in social-economic organizations, and the performance of social enterprises. The study findings suggest that, firstly, social entrepreneurs must seek social value as a top priority and improve economic performance using strategic competency to keep pursuing social value, and secondly, social-value seeking must be founded upon entrepreneurs' understanding and experiences in social economy. Practical implications of the study findings include concrete directions for training in social enterprises offered by relevant agencies and the establishment of competency models for current and future entrepreneurs.

사회적 경제의 활성화는 정부의 100대 중점 과제중 하나다. 인증 사회적기업은 2019년 8월 현재 2249개로 사회적기업 육성법이 시행된 2007년 이후 41배에 달하는 양적 팽창을 하고 있다. 최근 사회적기업의 인증 제도를 등록제로 전환한다는 이슈가 대두되는 등 사회적 경제(social economy) 조직들의 지속성장 가능성에 대한 많은 논의가 이뤄지고 있다. 본 연구는 사회적 가치와 경제적 가치를 이중적으로 추구하는 사회적기업의 특수한 경영 구조에 착안하여 성과에 영향을 주는 요인들을 도출했다. 그 중에서도 창업가의 사회적 경제에 대한 경험 특성, 전략적 역량, 사회적 가치 추구 정도, 성과간의 관계를 실증적으로 규명코자 하였다. 본 연구가 선행연구들과 다른 점은 사회적 기업의 하이브리드적 경영 구조를 창업가의 관점에서 착안한 점이다. 그에 따라 일반 영리기업에서 통용되는 창업가의 전략적 역량과 사회적 경제 조직에서 중시되는 경험 특성이 창업가의 사회적 가치 추구의 정도와 어떠한 매개효과를 가지며 성과에 어떻게 영향을 미치는가에 대해서 실증적 규명을 시도한 것이다. 연구결과는 우선 사회적기업 창업가는 사회적 가치를 최우선적 목표로 추구하면서 그것을 지속적으로 유지하기 위해서는 전략적 역량을 통해 경제적 성과를 향상시켜야 한다는 점과, 다음으로 사회적 가치 추구는 창업가의 사회적 경제에 대한 이해와 관련 경험 등을 밑바탕으로 형성되어야 함을 시사한다. 또한 연구 결과에서 도출한 실무적 시사점은 향후 관련기관의 사회적 기업에 대한 교육이나 기존 경영자 및 창업후보자의 역량 모델 설정에 실질적인 방향을 제시하고 있다.

Keywords

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