• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.39-43
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• 2002

The eutectic solder Sn-37Pb and the lead free solder alloys with the compositions of Sn-0.7Cu, Sn-3.5Ag, Sn-3.5Ag-0.75Cu, Sn-2.0Ag-0.7Cu-3.0Bi were applied to the 48 BGA packages, and then it was discussed for the shear strength at the solder joints as the hardness and the composition of the small solder ball. As a result of experiments, the high degree of hardness with the displacement of 0.043 mm was obtained in Sn-2.0Ag-0.7Cu-3.0Bi. The shear strength of the lead free solder was higher than that of Sn-37Pb solder, and it can be obtained the maximum value of about 52% in Sn-2.0Ag-0.7Cu-3.0Bi.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.55-61
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• 2000

Sn-37Pb and Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder balls of 0.3 mm diameter were reflow soldered with the variation of soldering peak temperature and conveyer speed of reflow machine. The peak temperatures far soldering were changed in the range of 220~$240^{\circ}C$ for Sn-37Pb and 230~$260^{\circ}C$ for Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu. As the results of experiments, optimum soldering condition for Sn-37Pb was $230^{\circ}C$ of soldering temp., 0.7~0.8 m/min of conveyer speed. The optimum condition for the Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu was $250^{\circ}C$ and 0.6 m/min. The maximum shear strength for the soldered joints of Sn-37Pb was 555 gf and of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu was 617 gf. Thickness of the intermetallic compound Cu6Sn5 on the soldered interface was 1.13~1.45 $\mu\textrm{m}$ for Sn-37Pb and 2.5~4.3 $\mu\textrm{m}$ for Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.12
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• pp.842-851
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• 2009

The long-term reliability of Sn-0.3wt%Ag-0.7wt%Cu solder joints was evaluated and compared with Sn-3.0wt%Ag-0.5wt%Cu under thermal shock conditions. Test vehicles were prepared to use Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu and Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu solder alloys. To compare the shear strength of the solder joints, 0603, 1005, 1608, 2012, 3216 and 4232 multi-layer ceramic chip capacitors were used. A reflow soldering process was utilized in the preparation of the test vehicles involving a FR-4 material-based printed circuit board (PCB). To compare the shear strength degradation following the thermal shock cycles, a thermal shock test was conducted up to 2,000 cycles at temperatures ranging from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $85^{\circ}C$, with a dwell time of 30 min at each temperature. The shear strength of the solder joints of the chip capacitors was measured at every 500 cycles in each case. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) of the solder joint interfaces werealso analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the reliability of Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder joints was very close to that of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. Consequently, it was confirmed that Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu solder alloy with a low silver content can be replaced with Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu.

• Proceedings of the International Microelectronics And Packaging Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.114-117
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 계산을 통해 나온 Sn-Ag-Cu 삼원계 공정점(Sn-3.7Ag-0.9Cu)을 바탕으로 그 근처의 응고경로가 다른 6가지 조성(Sn-4.6Ag-0.4Cu, Sn-4.9Ag-1.0Cu, Sn-3.9Ag-1.3Cu, Sn-2.2Ag-1.2Cu, Sn-2Ag-0.7Cu, Sn-2.7Ag-0.3Cu)에 대한 솔더합금의 미세조직을 관찰하였다. 응고경로는 $L\;\rightarrow\;L+Primary\;\rightarrow\;L+Primary+Secondary\;\rightarrow\;Ternary\;Eutectic+Primary+Secondary$로 되며 6가지 경우를 예상할 수 있다 솔더합금의 미세조직은 느린 냉각으로 인하여 빠른 냉각, 보통 냉각에 비해 상대적으로 커다란 $\beta-Sn$ dendrite를 보였고 $Ag_3Sn,\;Cu_6Sn_5$과는 다르게 $\beta-Sn$는 약 $30^{\circ}C$의 과냉(DSC분석)이 존재하게 되어 Sn-4.6Ag-0.4Cu의 경우에는 $Ag_3Sn$상이, Sn-2.2Ag-1.2Cu의 경우에는 $Cu_6Sn_5$가 과대성장을 하였다. 솔더의 기계적 특성을 살펴보고자 Cu 기판위에서 각 조성의 솔더볼을 솔더링한 후 다양한 냉각 속도를 적용하여 reflow 솔더링을 하고 솔더/기판 접합에 대한 전단 강도 시험을 실시했다. 냉각 속도가 빠를수록 $\beta-Sn$의 dendrite가 미세해져서 높은 전단 강도를 보였고 6가지 조성의 솔더볼중 공정조직 분율이 낮은 Sn-2Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 경우에서 낮은 전단 강도가 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.130-134
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• 2018

In the past few years, various solder compositions have been a representative material to electronic packages and surface mount technology industries as a replacement of Pb-base solder alloy. Therefore, extensive studies on process and/or reliability related with the low Ag composition have been reported because of recent rapid rise in Ag price. In this study, Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu, Sn-0.7Cu and Sn-0.3Ag-0.5Cu solder bar samples were fabricated by melting of Sn, Ag and Cu metal powders. Crystal structure and element concentration were analyzed by XRD, XRF, optical microscope, FE-SEM and EDS. The fabricated solder samples were composed of ${\beta}-Sn$, ${\varepsilon}-Ag_3Sn$ and ${\eta}-Cu_6Sn_5$ phases.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

Although the lowering of Ag content in Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu is known to improve the mechanical shock reliability of the solder joint, it is also known to be detrimental to the solderbility. In this study, the quaternary alloying effect of In and the minor alloying effects of Mn and Pd on the solderability, thermal cycling and mechanical shock reliabilities of the low Ag content Sn-1.2Ag-0.7Cu solder were investigated using board-level BGA packages. The solderability of Sn-1.2Ag-0.7Cu-0.4In was proved to be comparable to that of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu but its thermal cycling reliability was inferior to that of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu. While the 0.03 wt% Pd addition to the Sn-1.2Ag-0.7Cu-0.4In decreased the solderability and reliabilities of solder joint, the 0.1 wt% Mn addition was proved to be beneficial especially for the mechanical shock reliability compared to those of Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu and Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu compositions. It was considered to be due that the Mn addition decreased the Young's modulus of low Ag content Pb-free solders.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.59-59
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• 2002

Sn-Ag-Cu solder is known as most competitive in many kinds of Pb-free solders. In this study, effects of solderability with plated layers such as Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Ni and Cu/Ni/Au were investigated. Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder balls were reflowed in commercial reflow machine (peak temp. : 250℃ and conveyer speed : 0.6m/min). In wetting test, immersion speed was 5mm/sec., immersion time 5sec., immersion depth 4mm and temperature of solder bath was 250℃. Wettability of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu on Cu, Cu/Sn (5㎛), Cu/Ni (5㎛), and Cu/Ni/Au (5㎛/500Å) layers was investigated. Cu/Ni/Au layer had the best wettability as zero cross time and equilibrium force, and the measured values were 0.93 sec and 7mN, respectively. Surface tension of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder turmed out to be 0.52N/m. The thickness of IMC is reduced in the order of Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Mi and Cu/Ni/Au coated layer. Shear strength of Cu/Ni, Cu/Sn and Cu was around 560gf but Cu/Ni/Au was 370gf.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 2002

Sn-Ag-Cu solder is known as most competitive in many kinds of Pb-free solders. In this study, effects of solderability with plated layers such as Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Ni and Cu/Ni/Au were investigated. Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder balls were reflowed in commercial reflow machine (peak temp.:$250^{\circ}C$and conveyer speed:0.6m/min). In wetting test, immersion speed was 5mm/sec., immersion time 5sec., immersion depth 4mm and temperature of solder bath was $250^{\circ}C$. Wettability of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu on Cu, Cu/Sn ($5\mu\textrm{m}$), Cu/Ni ($5\mu\textrm{m}$), and Cu/Ni/Au ($5\mu\textrm{m}/500{\AA}$) layers was investigated. Cu/Ni/Au layer had the best wettability as zero cross time and equilibrium force, and the measured values were 0.93 sec and 7mN, respectively. Surface tension of Sn-3.5Ag-0.7Cu solder turmed out to be 0.52N/m. The thickness of IMC is reduced in the order of Cu, Cu/Sn, Cu/Mi and Cu/Ni/Au coated layer. Shear strength of Cu/Ni, Cu/Sn and Cu was around 560gf but Cu/Ni/Au was 370gf.

• Proceedings of the KWS Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.211-214
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• 2007

Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 젖음 특성과 반응 특성을 Sn-1.0Ag-0.5Cu 및 Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Cu 합금의 결과와 비교, 분석하였다. 또한 Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 용융 및 응고 특성을 DSC로 측정하고, 인장시험을 통한 stress-strain curve를 관찰하였다. 아울러 할로겐 함유량이 많은 플럭스를 사용하여 Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성의 젖음 특성을 향상 시킬 수 있는지를 조사하였으며, Sn-0.3Ag-0.7Cu 조성에 미량의 In을 첨가하여 젖음 특성의 개선 정도를 분석하였다. 그 결과 할로겐 함유량이 높은 플럭스를 사용한 경우보다 미량의 In을 첨가한 경우에서 wettability의 향상을 보다 효과적으로 유도할 수 있음을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.15 no.9
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• pp.598-603
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• 2005

To develope new lead-free solders with the melting temperature close to that of Sn-37Pb$(183^{\circ}C)$, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-1Ga, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-1Ag, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag, and Sn-0.7Cu-SBi-1Ag alloys were composed by adding low-netting elements such as Ga, Bi, Pb, and Ag to Sn-0.7Cu. Then the melting temperatures, microstructures, wettability, and adhesion properties of these alloys were evaluated. DSC analysis showed that the melting temperature of Sn-0.7Cu-SPb-1Ga was $211^{\circ}C$, and those of other alloys was in the range of $192\~200^{\circ}C$. Microstructures of these alloys after heat-treatment at $150^{\circ}C$ for 24 hrs were basically composed of coarsely- grown $\beta-Sn$ grains, and $Cu_6Sn_5$ and $Ag_3Sn$ intermetallic precipitates. Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-1Ga and Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag showed excellent wettability, while Sn-0.7Cu-5Bi-1Ag and Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag revealed good adhesion strength with the Cu substrates. Among 4 alloys, Sn-0.7Cu-5Pb-5Bi-1Ag with the lowest melting temperature $(192^{\circ}C)$ and relatively excellent wettability and adhesion strength was suggested to be the best candidate solder to replace Sn-37Pb.