• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1993

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism The result were obtained as follow: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kerb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with isometric tranducer(Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g 2. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Oyootang and Shinchulsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootanghabshinchulsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootanghabshinchulsan extract. 6. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the iso-lated guinea pig by histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang, Shinchulsan and its constituent herbs extract. 7. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the iso-lated guinea pig by acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Oyootang, Shinchulsan and its constituent herbs extract.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2019

Most diabetic patients experience diabetic mellitus (DM) urinary bladder dysfunction. A number of studies evaluate bladder smooth muscle contraction in DM. In this study, we evaluated the change of bladder smooth muscle contraction between normal rats and DM rats. Furthermore, we used pharmacological inhibitors to determine the differences in the signaling pathways between normal and DM rats. Rats in the DM group received an intraperitoneal injection of 65 mg/kg streptozotocin and measured blood glucose level after 14 days to confirm DM. Bladder smooth muscle contraction was induced using acetylcholine (ACh, $10^{-4}M$). The materials such as, atropine (a muscarinic receptor antagonist), U73122 (a phospholipase C inhibitor), DPCPX (an adenosine $A_1$ receptor antagonist), udenafil (a PDE5 inhibitor), prazosin (an ${\alpha}_1$-receptor antagonist), papaverine (a smooth muscle relaxant), verapamil (a calcium channel blocker), and chelerythrine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) were pre-treated in bladder smooth muscle. We found that the DM rats had lower bladder smooth muscle contractility than normal rats. When prazosin, udenafil, verapamil, and U73122 were pre-treated, there were significant differences between normal and DM rats. Taken together, it was concluded that the change of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ release mediated by PLC/IP3 and PDE5 activity were responsible for decreased bladder smooth muscle contractility in DM rats.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.77-91
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Jasoeumja extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the Organ bath with oxygenated Kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with Isometric transducer (Nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig was significantly relaxed by the administration of Jasoeumja extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by Jasoeumja extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Jasoeumja extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by Jasoeumja extract.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-79
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Heapyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows : 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recorded with Isometric transducer(nacro F-60). The resting tension was approximately 0.5g. 2. The trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig was significantly relaxed by the administration of Haepyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine$10^4M$ Was significantly inhibited by Heapyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine$10^4M$ was considerably inhibited by Haepyoyangjintang and Haepyoejintang extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to 5-hydorxytrtrypptamine $10^4M$ was considerably inhibited by Haepyoyangjintang and haepyoejintang extract.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.84-94
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of samyootang and shinchulsan extract on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle and elucidate it's mechanism The isolated were obtained as follows ; 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle was suspended in the organ bath with oxygenated kreb's Henseleit bicarbonate buffer solution at $37^{\circ}C$, and the developed tension by the drug was recored with Isometric transducer (nacro F-60) The resting tension was approximately 0.5g 2. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract. 3. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was considerably inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract. 4. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to histamine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the trachea smooth muscle of the isolated guinea pig to acetylcholine $10^{-4}M$ was significantly inhibited by samyootang and shinchulsan extract.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1987

Higenamine, a benzyltetrahydroisopuinoline analog isolated from aconite tuber, has potent isotropic action. Recent studies suggest it may have beta receptor agonistic property in that its inotropic action is blocked by propranolol in isolated rabbit heart. However, no study has been carried out on other organs than heart. Higenamine is expected to have pharmacological actions on smooth muscle on the ground that it has catecholamine moiety and tetrahydrosioquinoline nucleus in its chemical structure, both of which are well known to have smooth muscle relaxation effects. Therefore present study was aimed at determining whether higenamine has bronchodilating effect in isolated guinea pig trachea smooth muscle rich in adrenergic beta receptor and if any, it has agonistic effect on beta receptor. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Higenamine had remarkable bronchodilating effect in guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle in a dose-dependent manner. 2. Bronchodilator effect of higenamine in isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle was blocked competitively by propranolol. The $pD_2$ value of higenamine in isolated guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle was 5.65 and the $pA_2$ value of propranolol against higenamine in the same preparation was 7.97.

• The Journal of Dong Guk Oriental Medicine
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• v.4
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• pp.211-236
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• 1995

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of Mahwangtang and Gamimahwangtang extract and its constituent herbs on the contractile force of rat tracheal smooth muscle treated with acetylcholine and to elucidate its mechanism. The results of this study were follows ; 1. Mahwangtang and Gamimahwangtang significantly inhibited the contractile response of isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by acetylcholine, and Gamimahwangtang more significantly effects than Mahwangtang. 2. Gamimahwangtang without Ephedrae Herba significantly inhibited the contractile response of isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by acetylcholine and less inhibited the contractile force than Gamimahwangtang. 3. Gamimahwangtang without Fritillariae Roylei Bulbus, Platycodi Radix, Cinnamomi Ramulus, significantly inhibited the contractile response of isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by acetylcholine and less inhibited the contractile force than Gamimahwangtang. 4. Gamimahwangtang without Armeniacae Amarum Semen, Glycyrrhizae Radix significantly inhibited the contractile response of isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by acetylcholine and its difference did not to the Gamimahwangtang. 5. Gamimahwangtang without Ginseng Radix significantly inhibited the contractile response of isolated rat tracheal smooth muscle by acetylcholine and more significantly effects than Gamimahwangtang.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.395-399
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• 1998

Neurokinin A(NKA) and its derivatives ([Nle$^{7}$NKA,[Leu$^{7}$NKA] were synthesized by solid phase peptide synthesis method using Fmoc-TFA strategy and their smooth muscle contractile activities were measured to examine the structural effect of alkyl group at the 7th amino acid NKA on the smooth muscle contractile activity. The smooth muscle contractile activity. The smooth muscle contractile activities of [Nle$^{7}$]NKA and [Leu$^{7}$]NKA were only 5.64% and 1.55%, respectively when compared with NKA. This result suggested that the more three dimensional structure of th 7th amino acid as well as the whole message segment of NKA would be necessary to show the biological activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.30-43
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• 1991

Mahwangsan is used in the treatment of asthma due to wind and cold(風寒喘). This study was carried out to investigate the effect of Mahwangsan extract and each drug composing it on the contractile force of the isolated guinea pig trachea muscle and elucidate its mechanism. The results were obtained as follows; 1. The isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig was signifi-cantly relaxed by the administration of Mahwangsan extract. 2. The contractile response of the isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig to histamine was significantly inhibited by the administration of Mahwangsan extract. 3. The contractile response of the isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig to histamine was significantly inhibited by the administraction of Herba Ephedrae, Cortex Cinnamoni, Flos Farfarae, Fructus Chebulae and Semen Armeniacae extract. 4. The contractile response of the isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig to acetylcholine was significantly inhibited by the administration of Mahwangsan extract. 5. The contractile response of the isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig to acetylcholine was significantly inhibited by the administration of Herba Ephedrae, Flos Farfarae, Fructus Chebulae and Semen Armeniacae extract. 6. The contractile response of the isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine was significantly inhibited by the administration of Mahwangsan extract. 7. The contractile response of the isolated trachea smooth muscle of guinea pig to 5-hydroxytryptamine was significantly inhibited by the administration of Herba Ephedrae, Flos Farfarae, Fructus Chebulae and Semen Armeniacae extract.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.40-43
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• 2000

Pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) and N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) are metal and nonmetal-chelating antioxidant which can induce rat and human smooth muscle cell death. When the smooth muscle cells from mouse aorta (MASMC) that we successfully cultured recently was exposed to PDTC and NAC in a normal serum state, the cells were induced to death by these compounds. However, PDTC did not induce the cell death in a serum depleted medium. This data suggests that certain factors in the serum may mediate the cytotoxic effect of PDTC. The metal chelator, Ca-EDTA blocked PDTC-induced cell death, but Cu-, Fe-, and Zn-EDTA did not block the PDTC-induced cell death. This data indicated that copper, iron, and zinc in the serum may lead to the cytotoxic effect of PDTC. Investigation of the intracellular zinc level in PDTC-induced smooth muscle cell death using the zinc probe dye N-(6-methoxy-8-quinolyl)-p-toluenesulfonamide shows that only the muscle-containing layers of the arteries have higher level of zinc. As expected, PDTC increased the intracellular fluorescence level of the zinc. In agreement with these results, the addition of an exogenous metal, zinc, induced the vascular aortic smooth muscle cell death which led to an increased intracellular zinc level. We concluded that PDTC induced mouse aortic smooth muscle cell death required not only zinc level but also intracellular copper and iron level. The mechanism of this antioxidant to induce vascular smooth muscle cell death may provide a new strategy to prevent their proliferation in arteriosclerotic lesions.