• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.388-399
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• 2018

Purpose: The aim of this qualitative study was to identify the experiences of smoking and smoking cessation in out-of-school youth. Methods: The participants were 12 out-of-school youths belonging the Youth support Center located in A and B area. The data were collected from January 8 to 15, 2018, using a FGI(Focus Group Interview). The main sub-domains of the experiences of smoking and smoking cessation in out-of-school youth by 7 questions were categorized from the intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and community factors in ecological model. Results: The motivation, continuity, disadvantage of smoking experiences of out-of-school youth were analyzed in 10 sub-domains (curiosity, friend's invitation, mood of adapted group, habit, relieving stress, providing breaks, friendship, physical damage, loss of money, a bad sight of smoker). The reason, difficulty, advantage, reason for restarting smoking cessation experiences of out-of-school youth were analyzed in 15 sub-domains (physical damage, for future hope, invitation of others, influence of family, weight gain, emotional stress, worsening friendship, improvement physical condition, saving money, better relationships, not with bad friends, withdrawal, smoking of friends, drinking, separated a lover). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is expected that a Specialized Smoking Cessation Education Program will be developed for out-of-school youth's health activities in ecological factors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.1023-1032
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify nicotine dependence, smoking-related attitude, and subjective norms across the stages of change for smoking cessation among adult smokers in a rural area. Method: The subjects were 276 current smokers (male=243, female=33). There were 3 stages of change for smoking cessation: pre-contemplation, contemplation, and preparation stage. Data was collected by an interview or self-reporting from February 12th to March 5th 2004, and analyzed with frequency, percentage, $X^2-test$, Fisher's exact probability test, ANOVA, and Scheffe test using the SPSS-PC program. Result: According to the stages of change, 114(41.3%) current smokers were in pre-contemplation, 110(39.9%) in contemplation, and 52(18.8%) in the preparation stage. There was a higher percentage of males than females ($X^2-test$=8.99, p=.011) in the preparation stage. The mean score of the smoking-related attitude (F:7.43, p=.001) and subjective norm(F=27.41, p=.001) were both lowest in the pre-contemplation stage and increased positively during the stages of change for smoking cessation. Conclusion: Based on these findings, the authors recommend that community-based smoking cessation programs should be developed by considering the intention or motives of current smokers and should be initiated in the preparation stage and primarily for male groups.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.69-78
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• 2006

Purpose: This study investigated the relationship between knowledge and attitude about smoking of college student smokers. Methods: The data were collected from the 6th to 27th of April 2005, from 411 college student smokers in Jeollabuk-Do area. The collected data were analysed by using the SPSS WIN 11.0. Results: 1) The focus group showed mean $17.40{\pm}12.45$ in the knowledge about smoking. The knowledge about smoking was significantly different among general subject characteristics of age(F=4.84, p=.008), grade(t=2.96, p=.003), major(F=5.93, p=.001), and religion(t=2.96, p=.003). 2) The focus group showed mean $23.69{\pm}16.19$ in their attitude about smoking. The attitude about smoking was significantly different among general subject characteristics of age(F=8.15, p=.000), grade(t=-2.33, p=.020), major(F=8.35, p=.000), and residence(t=3.08, p=.010). 3) The correlations between knowledge and attitude about smoking were positively correlated(p<0.01). Conclusion: The subjects knowledge about smoking was correlated with their attitude about smoking. Therefore, we need to develop various differential smoking prevention programs and extend the role of experts.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.105-112
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• 2017

Through various media, damage of both smoking and second-hand smoking has been recognized, and brought global scale of interest in antismoking. In Korea, government has tightened regulations of smoking in non-smoking zone since December, 1980, and after National Health Promotion Act in 1995, non-smoking zone has been gradually expanded. On the other hand, there were law suits to find those regulation towards smokers are either unconstitutional or not for 4 times. In this current state, people need smoking area to prevent second-hand smoking and to consider smokers in multi-unit dwelling. Main purpose of this research is to plan smoking spaces based on various typology of multi-dwelling plan for protection of both smokers and non-smokers' right. The research group collected and analyzed the smoking behaviors in various multi-unit dwelling types such as flat type, tower type, hybrid type and others. Based on those data, the group found three phenomena. First, there are internal regulations in multi-unit dwelling to make non-smoking zone based on National Health Promotion Act and resident representative meeting decision. Second, main smoking activities are occurring at major traffic line and entrances. Third, smoking inside of multi-unit dwelling complex causes second-hand smoking to residents live in $1^{st}$ floor and when they enter. Therefore, one can achieve both smokers' and non-smokers' protection of right by creating a designated smoking space near main entrances of multi-unit dwelling complex to consider smokers' and prevents second-hand smoking by using shaft space, which is in core space, to ventilate tobacco smoke through roof.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.75-85
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• 2011

Objectives: This study is to identify factors associated with intention to quit smoking among male adult smokers in 13 communities of Korea. Methods: Data from 2010 Community Health Survey (CHS) in 13 communities of Honam region, Korea, were analyzed. Multiple logistic analysis method was used to determine the influence of selected factors on the intention to quit smoking among male smokers. Results: Residential area, smoking amounts per day, exposure to secondhand smoking, past attempts to quit, walking activity, brushing teeth after lunch, and stress were found to be independently associated with intention to quit smoking. Socio-demographic factors including age, marital status, educational level, and monthly income were not associated. Conclusions: Identifying factors associated with intention to quit smoking provides possibilities for shaping effective policies and programs for increasing smoking cessation in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.354-363
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify factors related to quit-smoking intention based on the planned behavior theory among out-of-school youths. Methods: This study was a quantitative research, data were collected during Nov. 1. 2018 to Feb. 28, 2019, study subjects were 189 out-of-school youths in Youth support Center located in A, B, C area city. The data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: There was a significant differences of quit smoking intention according to age, weekly allowance, participate of antismoking program. There were positive correlations between quit smoking intention and attitude to non-smoking and perceived behavior control. In smoking cessation intention influenced by predictive variable, age, weekly allowance, attitude to non-smoking, and perceived behavior control explain 26.8% smoking cessation intention. Conclusion: We believe that findings from this study will help to develop the specific smoking cessation education program for out-of-school youth's health behaviors.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.272-281
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the prevalence of smoking behavior among elementary students which may serve as basic data for developing a smoking prevention program. Method: Questionnaires were given to 734 fourth, fifth, and sixth graders in five elementary schools in U county, North Chungcheong Province. Data were collected from 8 to 20 December, 2003; and analyzed using SPSS/PC for descriptive and chi-square statistics. Result: Of these students, 19.9％ reported that they had smoked and 0.8％ answered they are current smokers. They reported that the first smoking started during third grade (26.0％), at their homes (38.4％), and out of curiosity (74.0％). They reported severe coughing when they first smoked (56.2％). Smoking experiences were significantly related to grade, gender, and academic performance. Similarly, environmental characteristics such as residential area, parental status, father's job, parental attention, home atmosphere, and smoking siblings or friends were significantly related to smoking behavior. Among non-smokers, 86.4％ intended not to smoke and 1.4％ would like to smoke in the future. Conclusion: Certain school and environmental characteristics were associated with smoking experimentation. Therefore teachers and parents should use this information to develop and guide smoking prevention programs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.441-451
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the smoking behaviors and to identify the impacts of depression, temperament, and characteristic on smoking experience in the female adolescents. Methods: This study surveyed 691 highschool girls in the Gangwon area using self -administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed by SPSS 12.0. using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: The smoking rate of the highschool girls was lower than that of the national average. Depression was observed to be seriously in the highschool girls. There were a positive correlations among smoking experience, the school records and novelty seeking and a negative correlation between smoking and cooperativeness. The significant predictors of smoking experience were the type of school, the satisfaction with school the school records, novelty seeking, reward dependence and cooperativeness. Conclusion: These results suggest that femalel adolescents who have the factors identified in this study are considered to have the potential for smoking. These results provide the basis for developing smoking prevention and cessation programs.

• The Korean Nurse
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.91-100
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• 1998

This study aims to investigate smoking patterns in high school student and to give student smoker effective information. The sample of 250 male highschool students out of two different schools in Tae-Jon was questioned from July 10th to 15th. 1995. In analyzing these date. the statistics shows the realities by means of number of students. The results are summarized into 17 items as follows. Regarding the level of smoking. 140 students out of 250 admit that they have ever smoked. 52.1% of smoking students say that the motivation of beginning smoking is mainly curiosity. The survey shows that 22.9% of smoking students feel very good when smoking. It also shows that 30.0% of smoking students began smoking in the first grade of high school. With regard to the volume of smoking per day. 41.4% of smoking students smoke variably. 42.1% drink when smoking. 15.0% spend more than W 70.000 a month. About the question who knows the fact of their smoking. 51.5% answer that their friends know the fact of their smoking. In regard to the resaltionship between smoking and school per-formance. 18.2% of non smoking students make poor grades as compared with 40% of smoking students. 9.3% of smoking students say that they are satisfied with the school life. but 35.7% of them are not satisfied. Regarding the attitude to smoking teachers. 35% of smoking students state that they are affected by them. 69.3% of smoking students say that they will stop smoking. while the remaining 30.7% say that they will keep smoking. The reason of 63.9% to stop smoking is that smoking is bad for the health. The reason of 46. 5% to keep smoking is the acquired habit of smoking. 97.2% know the fact that the major element of cigarettes is nicotine and it is very harmful to the health. 40.8% recognize the harmful effect of smoking by TV and radio programs. 97.2% know that smoking could cause lung cancer. From the above results. I propose as follows We should make specific plan to keep smoking by simple curiosity from being developed into habitual smoking. We should teach them how harmful smoking is and make them stop smoking by themselves. It is very essential for family members and teachers to give continuous interest since childhood. As the teacher affect the students very much, they should give up smoking first. The incidence of smoking should be identified in each of the middle and high schools. smoking prohibition programs relevant to each school should be developed and implemented. The local community should ban cigarette vending machines. Cigarettes should not be sold to adolescents. By setting every place where adolescents gather including schools nonsmoking area. we should decrease their impulse to smoke. then smoking opportunities. and harmful effects to them caused by passive smoking.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.117-131
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the health behaviors and to find out risk factors of blood pressure of adult women in a rural area. Method: The convenient sample consisted of 159 adult women who lived in G-gun. The data was collected using a self-report questionnaire for health behaviors and mercury type sphygmomanometer for BP, between Jun I and August 15, 2003. Health behaviors measured smoking, alcohol, salt, lipid, stress, exercise, coffee, BMI and medication. To accomplish the goal of study, descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were. performed with SPSS 10.0. Results: The average age of subjects was 49.2(SD7.34)years old. The average SBP and DBP of subjects were 126.22mmHg(SDl6.73) and 8 1.25mmHg(SDl 0.31). There were significant differences in smoking(p=.000), cigarette consumption(p=.001), smoking duration(p=.000), BMI(p=.033), medication (p=.001), family history(p=.000) between normotensive and hypertensive. The main risk factors on SBP were medication, age, BMI, family history and smoking duration by 35.7% of the total variance these variables explained SBP. The main risk factors on DBP were BMI, education and medication by 17.60% of the total variance these variables explained DBP. Conclusion: These results suggest that health professional have to emphasize prevention of obesity, lasting medication and no smoking for prevention and management of hypertension in community health promotion program.