• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1217-1224
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• 2015

The doorlock using buttons has been widely used since it does not exploit the physical key and has much functions though it is cheap. However, the doorlock has problems where it is easy to forget the secret number since the user has to remember the number and difficult to keep secure when the one secret number has been used for a long time. In this paper, we propose the doorlock system using the near field communication. The proposed system controls the open and close of the doorlock using user data acquired by the near field communication tag, The implemented doorlock system has the benefit to control the doorlock without a secret number.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1173-1175
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• 2017

This paper proposes a system for convenient remote control and management of the lockers with a smart phone. The key features of the proposed system are as follows. First, we connect the lockers to the server and then use the authentication procedure to open and close their lockers. Second, we create instant lockers to increase convenience for users who need to use casual necessities. Unlike traditional analog methods, we finally develop certification procedures. Particularly, log data are better secured than traditional ones. The performance assessment of the proposed system is simulated by producing a dummy model. We will show that the proposed system could effectively support opening and closing the lockers using smart phones.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.605-612
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• 2011

As the power grids are integrated into one big umbrella called a "smart grid," communication protocol plays a key role in successful operations. The successful deployment of smart grid interoperability is a major hurdle that must be overcome. The micro grid, a small power system that distributes energy resource, is operated in diverse regions. Different vendors use different communication protocols in the operation of the micro grid. Recently, the IEC 61850 has been legislated to solve the interoperability problems in power utility automation. The present paper presents a micro grid system based on the IEC 61850 protocol. It consists of a micro grid monitoring system, a protocol converter that transforms serial data to IEC 61850 data, and distributed energy resource controllers for diverse DER nodes. A developed communication gateway can be deployed for DER controllers with serial links to exchange data with IEC 61850-based devices. The gateway can be extended to IEC 61850-based distribution automation systems, substation automation systems, or SCADA.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.712-719
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• 2013

This paper studies the security module for the reliable transmission of the meter reading and the control data between the remote terminals and the upper server-side in smart water grid. The proposed security module was implemented to make it attachable to the remote terminal without security function. In particular, unlike the smart grid of electric field, the low power is considered due to the use of battery power in the smart water grid, and the ARIA-GCM-128 symmetric key method is adopted taking into the account that the damp and constrictive environments by the installed meter location in the underground occur a communication obstacle on building of the large-scale network system. The encryption module of this paper was devised to ensure the safety between the reading data on the terminal and the control data from the upper server, and secure the stability of the remote meter reading system by taking protection against an arbitrary alteration or modification.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.627-637
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• 2023

Background: Damage to the healthy intestinal epithelial layer and regulation of the intestinal immune system, closely interrelated, are considered pivotal parts of the curative treatment for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Plant-based diets and phytochemicals can support the immune microenvironment in the intestinal epithelial barrier for a balanced immune system by improving the intestinal microecological balance and may have therapeutic potential in colitis. However, there have been only a few reports on the therapeutic potential of plant-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (PENs) and the underlying mechanism in colitis. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of PENs from Panax ginseng, ginseng-derived exosome-like nanoparticles (GENs), in a mouse model of IBD, with a focus on the intestinal immune microenvironment. Method: To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of GENs on acute colitis, we treated GENs in Caco2 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced RAW 264.7 macrophages and analyzed the gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-10 by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). Furthermore, we further examined bacterial DNA from feces and determined the alteration of gut microbiota composition in DSS-induced colitis mice after administration of GENs through 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. Result: GENs with low toxicity showed a long-lasting intestinal retention effect for 48 h, which could lead to effective suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-6 production through inhibition of NF-κB in DSS-induced colitis. As a result, it showed longer colon length and suppressed thickening of the colon wall in the mice treated with GENs. Due to the amelioration of the progression of DSS-induced colitis with GENs treatment, the prolonged survival rate was observed for 17 days compared to 9 days in the PBS-treated group. In the gut microbiota analysis, the ratio of Firmicutes/Bacteroidota was decreased, which means GENs have therapeutic effectiveness against IBD. Ingesting GENs would be expected to slow colitis progression, strengthen the gut microbiota, and maintain gut homeostasis by preventing bacterial dysbiosis. Conclusion: GENs have a therapeutic effect on colitis through modulation of the intestinal microbiota and immune microenvironment. GENs not only ameliorate the inflammation in the damaged intestine by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines but also help balance the microbiota on the intestinal barrier and thereby improve the digestive system.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.69-85
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• 2017

The positive changes in urban space and urban activities resulting from the urban services provided by Smart City is not accomplished by simply creating the physical environment built on ICT but through the cooperation and participation of citizens and private sector, which is in fact key to success. In this study, this research analyzed the role and structure of smart governance, which is a system of horizontal cooperation between public and private sector, and analyze its role in developing Smart City. The study also proposes various ways to facilitate such development in each of critical categories. For this purpose, this research studied 228 smart services across 11 categories registered in the Ministry of Land and Transport in Korea to analyze the spatial distribution of smart services by spatial hierarchy and their characteristics Also, the research conducted a case study of MetroGIS, which is an information collaboration governance system for the greater area of Minneapolis and St. Paul in the state of Minnesota, United States, to explore how governance is formed; its organizational structure; the role of sub-level organization hierarchy and their interrelationship. The results of the analysis suggest that the following conditions are required to create a smart city: first, public sector resource assistance for building community; second, enhanced communication system within the community and with outside the community; securing financial stability and establishing a model of sustainable development to induce the community to evolve into a governance form.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

Internet Protocol Television (IPTV) through broadband cable network is a subscriber-based system which consists of software and set-top box. However, a weakness for the current IPTV system is the lack of security between users and CAS. This paper proposes a user authentication protocol at STB, which limits the service by the user-valued attribute to prevent illegal IPTV users. User attribute values change the order with bit form according to the certain rule, and apply to one-way hash function and Diffie-Hellman's elliptic curve key-exchange algorithm. The proposed protocol is able to improve on user authentication and computation. Also, each user generates an authentication message by smart card and receives various services based on the user-valued attribute.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.3751-3774
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• 2014

With the rapid development of wireless communication, the confliction between the scarce frequency resources and the low spectral efficiency caused by the stationary spectrum sharing strategies seriously restricts the evolution of the future mobile communication. For this purpose, cognitive radio (CR) emerges as one of the most promising inventions which can overcome the spectrum shortage. As the key technology and main objective of CR, spectrum sharing can make full use of the limited spectrum, alleviate the scarcity of frequency resources and improve the system utilities, playing thereby an important role in improving the system performance of cognitive radio networks (CRNs). In this survey, the spectrum sharing in CRNs is discussed in terms of the sharing process, mainstream sharing technologies and spectrum sharing models. In particular, comparisons of different spectrum sharing strategies are concluded, as well as that of different spectrum sensing schemes in sharing procedure. Moreover, some application examples of the spectrum sharing in CRNs, such as smart grid, public safety, cellular network and medical body area networks are also introduced. In addition, our previous related works are presented and the open research issues in the field of spectrum sharing are stated as well.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.1227-1232
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• 2008

High-speed train of push-pull type called as G7 train has been developed and chosen as the model of KTX-II which will be operated on Honam Line nexr year. However, the EMU-type high-speed train appeared to be the recent trend that foreign markets have shown. Also, in the near future, a great number of new train sets are needed to accommodate the increased passengers in our country. Thus, development of the high-speed EMU was decided, planned, and started. In the development, included were almost all fundamental key technologies such as noise and vibration reduction in a passenger cabin, running characteristics, aerodynamic analysis, crashworthiness evaluation, EMI/EMC analysis, design of the cooling system for the propulsion control system, enhanced performance of transformer and switching converters, synchronous traction motor with permanent magnets, new design of front nose and ergonomic interiors, application of advanced information technology(IT) and smart sensors and the cost reduction of construction of railway bridges, etc. Each key technologies are carried out as sub-project independently but under the supervision of a project. The project will develop the high advanced level of technologies and provide necessary know-why's and support the team in charge of the development of the high-speed EMU, Hyundai Rotem Co. Ltd. The high-speed EMU will be successfully developed with the support of the project.

• Journal of The Institute of Information and Telecommunication Facilities Engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.92-101
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• 2010

Energy efficiency and safe mobility are the two key constituents of the future automobile. The technologies that enable these features are now heavily dependent upon information and communication technology rather than traditional auto-mechanical technology. This paper presents an exploratory project 'Smart&Green Vehicle Project' at Western Michigan University which is to improve the geographical location accuracy of vehicles and to study various applications of making such location data available. Global Positioning System (GPS), Inertial Navigation System (INS), Vehicular Ad-hoc Network (VANET) technology, and data fusion among these technologies are investigated. Testing and evaluation is done on systems which will gather vehicular positioning data during GPS signal loss. Vehicles in urban settings do not acquire accurate positioning data from GPS alone; therefore there is a need for exploration into technology that can assist GPS in urban settings. The goal of this project is to improve the accuracy of positioning data during a loss of GPS signal. Controlled experiments are performed to gather data which aided in assessing the feasibility of these technologies for use in vehicular platforms.