• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.31-44
• /
• 2016

Purpose - This study aims to examine different impacts of franchisor's leadership and franchisee's marketing efforts on franchisee dissatisfaction and switching intentions, and to investigate how franchisee dissatisfaction plays a mediating role in the relationship between these constructs. This study attempted to fill the gap in the literature by treating the franchisee dissatisfaction as a mediator in the relationship between these constructs, identify how franchisor's leadership and franchisee's marketing efforts have effects on franchisee dissatisfaction, in turn, reduce switching intentions, and provide the managerial implications for building a long-term relationship to achieve mutual goals between franchisors and franchisees Research design, data, and methodology - In order to test the hypotheses, the data were collected from franchisees in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The franchisee owners were informed about the purpose of this study by the trained interviewers. The respondents received a letter introducing the purpose of this study and another letter that the owners wrote to encourage their active participation. Among the 300 questionnaires distributed, 260 (86.7%) questionnaires were returned. Of those collected questionnaires, 6 uncompleted responses were excluded, and 254 questionnaires with an effective response rate of 84.7% were coded and analyzed using frequency, confirmatory factor analysis, and correlations analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS 21.0 and SmartPLS 3.0. Results - The findings of the study are as follows. First, franchisor leadership had a negative effect on franchisee dissatisfaction, but franchisee marketing efforts did not have a significant effect on franchisee dissatisfaction. Second, franchisee dissatisfaction had a positive effect on switching intentions. Third, franchisor leadership had a negative effect on switching intentions, but franchisee marketing efforts did not have a significant effect on switching intentions. Conclusions - This study researched the franchisor's leadership as a single factor of transformational leadership. Thus, it may have limits in measuring leadership. Future studies shall include emotional, loyal, and transactional leadership. In addition, the future studies shall also research the effect of franchisor's leadership and franchisees' marketing efforts on dissatisfaction and switching intentions. For example, the franchisor's relationship-oriented efforts can be a crucial parameter that reduces dissatisfaction and switching intentions.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.21-31
• /
• 2018

Purpose - Recently, the franchise business has made remarkable progress, but many conflicts have occurred. From this perspective, this paper explains how to improve the long - term relationship between franchisor and franchisee by integrating the relationship between franchisor of franchise business and franchisee. This study aims to identify the franchisee's economic and social satisfaction and to examine their influences on calculative and affective commitment, and loyalty. At the end of this paper, theoretical and managerial implication were suggested. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from owners and store managers in franchisees located in Seoul, Korea. The trained researchers contacted owners and managers of the franchise stores. The questionaires were distributed to owners and managers consented to respond. The collected questionnaires were used for the final analysis of 324 copies(243 store owners and 81 store managers), except for 26 copies of the untrustworthy response out of 350 copies. The data were analyzed with SPSS, 21.0 and SmartPls 3.0 Result - The results of the study are as follows. First, economic satisfaction effects both calculative and affective commitment, but social satisfaction does not. Second, both calculative and affective commitment have positive effects on loyalty. Third, economic satisfaction has a positive impact on loyalty, but social satisfaction does not. Conclusions - The implications of this study are following as: From the theoretical perspective, this study analyze the satisfaction and commitment of the franchisee from the multidimensional perspective by analyzing the effects of the franchisee on two dimensions of economic and social satisfaction and on calculative and affective commitment. That is, this study explains the trade-off between economica and social satisfaction, and between calculative and affective commitment. From the managerial perspective, the results of this study suggest that the economic satisfaction of the franchise headquarters felt by franchisees should be prioritized over social satisfaction. Especially at the early stage of the contract, economic satisfaction should be given priority over social satisfaction. However, since affective and calculative commitment have a significant effect on loyalty, social satisfaction factors should not be excluded by focusing on only economic ones. In other words, the franchisors should not only think of franchisees as a source of sales and profits, but should respect franchisees and maintain loyal relationships with friends.

• The Journal of Bigdata
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.153-172
• /
• 2022

Online shopping has transformed and rapidly grown the entire market at the forefront of wholesale and retail services as an effective solution to issues such as digital transformation and social distancing policy (COVID-19 pandemic). Small business owners, who form the majority at the center of the online shopping industry, are constantly collecting policy changes and market trend information to overcome these problems and use them for marketing and other sales activities in order to overcome these problems and continue to grow. Objective and refined information that is more closely related to the business is also needed. Therefore, in this paper, through the collection and analysis of big data information, which is the core technology of digital transformation, key variables are set in product classification, sales trends, consumer preferences, and review information of online shopping malls, and a method of using them for competitor comparison analysis and business sustainability evaluation has been prepared and we would like to propose it as a service. If small and medium-sized businesses can benchmark competitors or excellent businesses based on big data and identify market trends and consumer tendencies, they will clearly recognize their level and position in business and voluntarily strive to secure higher competitiveness. In addition, if the sustainable growth of the online shopping mall operator can be confirmed as an indicator, more efficient policy establishment and risk management can be expected because it has an improved measurement method.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.30 no.5D
• /
• pp.443-451
• /
• 2010

This paper proposes the methodology about advisory safety speed based on real-time vehicular data collected from highway. The proposed model is useful information to drivers by appling seamless wireless communication and being collected from ECU(Engine Control Unit) equipment in every vehicle. Furthermore, this model also permits the use of realtime sensing data like as adverse weather and road-surface data. Here, the advisory safety speed is defined "the safety speed for drivers considering the time-dependent traffic condition and road-surface state parameter at uniform section", and the advisory safety speed model is developed by considering the parameters: inter-vehicles safe stopping distance, statistical vehicle speed, and real-time road-surface data. This model is evaluated by using the simulation technique for exploring the relationships between advisory safety speed and the dependent parameters like as traffic parameters(smooth condition and traffic jam), incident parameters(no-accident and accident) and road-surface parameters(dry, wet, snow). A simulation's results based on 12 scenarios show significant relationships and trends between 3 parameters and advisory safety speed. This model suggests that the advisory safety speed has more higher than average travel speed and is changeable by changing real-time incident states and road-surface states. The purpose of the research is to prove the new safety related services which are applicable in SMART Highway as traffic and IT convergence technology.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.40 no.1
• /
• pp.81-91
• /
• 2024

Electrical energy is a key source of energy for modern civilization, and changes in electricity generation and consumption are closely related to industry and life in general. In this study, we identified the correlation between electricity generation and nighttime light values in South Korea and used it to predict monthly electricity generation trends in North Korea. The results of the study showed a low Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.34 between nighttime light and electricity generation in Seoul, but a high Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.79 between weighting for Seoul case nighttime light values and electricity generation using monthly average temperature. Using nighttime light values weighting for Seoul case by the average monthly temperature in Pyongyang to predict the monthly power generation trend in North Korea, we found that the month-on-month power generation increase in December 2022 was about 60% higher than the month-on-month power generation increase in December 2020 and 2021. The results of this study are expected to help predict monthly electricity generation trends in regions where monthly electricity generation data does not exist, making it difficult to identify timely industry trends.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2024

China's huge population and industrial diversification have driven increased demand for IoT, and in a social environment where IoT technology is changing all aspects of personal and family life, including smart shopping, this study was conducted in Changchun, China. The study aimed to find ways to meet the Fashion needs of female college students living in the country and promote the development of the fashion product industry by improving the service quality of Chinese fashion product live commerce. The analysis results are as follows. First, the service quality characteristics of Chinese fashion product live commerce had a positive effect on customer satisfaction. Second, the service quality characteristics of Chinese fashion product live commerce had a positive effect on reuse intention. Third, customer satisfaction had a positive effect on reuse intention. Based on these results, it can be concluded that improving the service quality of live commerce can directly promote product sales and create direct economic benefits. In addition, based on the results of the study, which show that the service quality of fashion product live commerce affects customer satisfaction and reuse intention, it is judged that it will provide useful information in establishing marketing strategies for live commerce platforms by region and target.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.39 no.5_1
• /
• pp.729-741
• /
• 2023

The Operational Linescan System (OLS)sensor is a sensor aboard satellites launched through the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) that detects light in the visible and infrared bands emitted at night. Studies by several researchers have shown a high correlation between nighttime light data from OLS sensors and gross domestic product values. In this study, we investigated the correlation of nighttime light data with the total amount of individual land prices, which is one of the various indicators related to economic development. The study found that most cities and provinces showed a high correlation with a correlation coefficient of more than 0.7, and the correlation coefficient of 0.7837 between the total amount of individual land price and nighttime light data for the entire South Korea was also high. However, unlike other cities and provinces, Seoul has a low correlation coefficient of 0.5648 between nighttime light and the total amount of individual land price, which is analyzed as a reason that the digital number value of the OLS sensor is close to the maximum value and cannot show further brightness changes. This study is expected to help identify announced land prices in areas where announced land prices are not systematically organized and to analyze land use changes in such areas.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.591-604
• /
• 2023

This study investigated the impact of elementary science classes using metaverse on the academic achievement, positive experience in science, and digital literacy of elementary school students. In addition, we examined their perceptions. The respondents were derived from two classes in the sixth grade at an elementary school in Gyeonggi-do, who were selected designated as the experimental (n=29 students) and comparative (n=29) groups, respectively. Across five lessons under the "Plant Structure and Function" unit, the experimental group conducted science classes using the metaverse, whereas the comparative group conducted general textbook-based classes. To investigate instructional effects, the study performed ANCOVA using the pre-test score as a covariate, a survey on the perception of students about science classes using metaverse, and conducted interviews with a number of subjects. The result demonstrated that science classes using metaverse exerted no significant effect on scientific academic achievement and digital literacy. However, the study observed a statistically significant effect on science learning emotion which is a sub-element of positive experiences in science. The students were positively aware of science classes using metaverse in terms of interesting and diverse activities, and free expression of inquiry results and perceived the instability of smart devices and network connections as regrettable. Finally, the study posed the implications of the use of metaverse in science classes.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.531-541
• /
• 2023

The most important thing in the 4th industry, AI era, and smart construction era is digital data. Basic data in the civil engineering field begins with ground investigation. The Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport operates the Geotechnical Information Database Center to manage ground survey data, including drilling but the focus is on data distribution. This study seeks to devise a plan for long-term use of the results of drilling investigation conducted for the design and construction of various construction projects. For this purpose, a pilot area was set up and a 'geotechnical design parameters digital map' was created using some geotechnical design parameters from the drilling investigation data. Using the developed algorithm, a digital map of friction angle and permeability coefficient for the hard rock stratum in the pilot area was created. Geotechnical design parameters digital map can identify the overall condition of the ground, but reliability needs to be improved due to the lack of initial data input. Through additional research, it will be possible to produce a more complete geotechnical design parameters digital map.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.171-180
• /
• 2023

Hydrogen energy technology is gaining importance in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, offering military advantages when applied to military vehicles due to its characteristics such as reduced greenhouse gas emissions, noise, and low vibration. Korea's military has initiated the Army Tiger 4.0 plan, focusing on hydrogen application, downsizing, and AI-based smart features. The Ministry of National Defense plans to collaborate with the Ministry of Environment to expand hydrogen charging stations nationwide, anticipating increased deployment of military hydrogen vehicles. However, considering the Jet Fire and VCE(Vapor Cloud Explosion) nature of hydrogen, ensuring safety during installation is crucial. Current military guidelines specify a minimum safety distance of 2m from adjacent buildings for charging stations. Scientific methods have been employed to quantitatively assess the accident damage range of hydrogen, proposing a minimum safety distance beyond the affected area.