• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1989.11a
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• pp.83-86
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• 1989

Electrical conductivity, I - V and DLTS have been measured on polycrystalline samples of $\alpha-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ containing small deviation from stoichiometry and small amounts of added titanium. DLTS (Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy) in the current transient mode has been applied to the measurement of the trap density at the grain boundary. Titanium enters the $\alpha-Fe_{2}O_{3}$ lattice substitutionally as $Ti^{4+}$, thus producing an $Fe^{2+}$ and maintaining the average charge per cation at three. The $Fe^{2+}$acts as a donor center with respect to the surrounding $Fe^{3+}$ions.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.919-925
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• 2018

Stress-strain responses of weak-to-strong carbonate rocks used for tunnel construction were studied. The analysis of applicability of exponential stress-strain models based on Haldane's distribution function is presented. It is revealed that these exponential equations presented in transformed forms allow us to predict stress-strain relationships over the whole pre-failure strain range without mechanical testing of rock samples under compression using a press machine and to avoid measurements of axial failure strains for which relatively large values of compressive stress are required. In this study, only one point measurement (small strain at small stress) using indentation test and uniaxial compressive strength determined by a standard Schmidt hammer are considered as input parameters to predict stress-strain response from zero strain/zero stress up to failure. Observations show good predictive capabilities of transformed stress-stress models for weak-to-strong (${\sigma}_c$ <100 MPa) heterogeneous carbonate rocks exhibiting small (< 0.5 %), intermediate (< 1 %) and large (> 1 %) axial strains.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.58-67
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• 2020

In this paper, we propose a data-driven-based beam selection scheme for massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) systems in ultra-dense networks (UDN), which is capable of addressing the problem of high computational cost of conventional coordinated beamforming approaches. We consider highly dense small-cell scenarios with more small cells than mobile stations, in the millimetre-wave band. The analog beam selection for hybrid beamforming is a key issue in realizing millimetre-wave UDN MIMO systems. To reduce the computation complexity for the analog beam selection, in this paper, two deep neural network models are used. The channel samples, channel gains, and radio frequency beamforming vectors between the access points and mobile stations are collected at the central/cloud unit that is connected to all the small-cell access points, and are used to train the networks. The proposed machine-learning-based scheme provides an approach for the effective implementation of massive MIMO system in UDN environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 1995.05c
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• pp.21-21
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• 1995

Absorption of fat-soluble vi tamin, retinol occurs mainly in the proximal part of small intestine. But its intestinal transport mechanism isn't yet clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate on the mechanism of absorption of retinol by determining a concentration-dependent kinetic of retinol absorption in rats. The study was carried out by applying in vivo technique in which vitamin solution was infused to intestinal lumen and at the same time thoracic duct and choledochus duct were canulated to collect samples. The investigations showed that retinol is absorbed in the small intestine by a saturable, carrier-mediated transport system, i.e. wi thout signi ficant differences between the proximal and distal halves of the small intestine. The transport of retinol taken up by the enterocytes occured via different mechanisms: while the main vitamin A transport via the thoracic duct was saturated by limiting transport factors such as retinol-CRBP-II-complex formation and retinol esterification with increasing substrate concentrations, the transport of retinol metabolite product via the portal vein was proportional to the substrate concentration.ration.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.845-852
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• 2010

The outcomes of counts commonly occur in the area of disease mapping for mortality rates or disease rates. A Poisson distribution is usually assumed as a model of disease rates in conjunction with a gamma prior. The small area typically refers to a small geographical area or demographic group for which very little information is available from the sample surveys. Under this situation the model-based estimation is very popular, in which the auxiliary variables from various administrative sources are used. The empirical Bayes estimator under Poissongamma model has been considered with its accuracy measures. An accuracy measure using a bootstrap samples adjust the underestimation incurred by the posterior variance as an estimator of true mean squared error. We explain the suggested method through a practical dataset of hitters in baseball games. We also perform a Monte Carlo study to compare the accuracy measures of mean squared error.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.399-409
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• 2021

The demographic characteristics of a leader are important for small businesses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Several researchers have proven that demographic characteristics affect business success. Unfortunately, business success has only been analyzed from a financial perspective and has not been compared to the owner's interests perspective. This study examines business success from both perspectives. This study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics of small entrepreneurs and their impact on business success. Demographics consist of age, experience, education, and gender. Meanwhile, business success is seen from two perspectives: financial performance and the owner's interest. The study used an explanatory survey method. The number of samples is 155 entrepreneurs who are also the leaders of their businesses. The research was conducted in Bandung City, Indonesia, in 2021. The data was processed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression. The study results found that age only affects financial performance. Experience is proven to affect financial performance and the interests of the owner. Gender only affects the interests of the owner. This study concludes that in difficult times such as the COVID-19 pandemic, having young leaders who are experienced will make it easier to achieve business success.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2019.01a
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• pp.123-124
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• 2019

This paper proposes an improved deep learning method based on small data sets for animal image classification. Firstly, we use a CNN to build a training model for small data sets, and use data augmentation to expand the data samples of the training set. Secondly, using the pre-trained network on large-scale datasets, such as VGG16, the bottleneck features in the small dataset are extracted and to be stored in two NumPy files as new training datasets and test datasets. Finally, training a fully connected network with the new datasets. In this paper, we use Kaggle famous Dogs vs Cats dataset as the experimental dataset, which is a two-category classification dataset.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.73-95
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• 2024

Purpose: Since August 2000, the small-scale environmental impact assessment system has prevented indiscriminate development. However, its qualitative reports lack objectivity and consistency. This study analyzes these issues through literature and expert surveys and proposes improvements. Research Methodology: Samples were selected based on regional consultation numbers. Mitigation measures were categorized into qualitative and quantitative factors. Issues were identified, and improvements suggested. The Delphi method helped select evaluation items and propose a scoring table. Results and Conclusions: The Delphi method selected 14 absolute and 22 relative evaluation items, excluding 3 invalid ones. A 100-point scoring table was created, with points assigned based on element significance. A 1-point bonus was added for top-scoring elements to promote eco-friendly planning.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2007

A lysine determination method for low quantity of rice was modified from the original Dye-Binding Lysine (DBL) method used in the national standard in China [GB 4801-84, 1984]. By making use of the property that lysine does not bind to the crocein orange G dye after treated with propionic anhydride, the amount of lysine in rice samples could be determined directly by calculating the difference between the absorbances of the treated and the untreated samples. Various commercial rice samples were purchased from market and evaluated. Several methods were tested by varying both the sizes of the samples and the concentrations of the dye solutions. Results showed that when using 1.284 mM of crocein orange G dye solution and 15.5 mg of sample, the results were most reproducible. The corresponding lysine content in sample were $3.36\;{\pm}\;0.09\;mg/g$ and $3.35\;{\pm}\;0.19\;mg/g$ by traditional method and modified method, respectively. Statistically, there was no significant difference between the results (p>0.05).

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.293-301
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution of the concentrations of selected trace metals and inorganic anions in five types of drinking water samples (mineral spring water, well water, small community water, municipal tap water, and commercial mineral water) collected from Chuncheon, Gangwon-do in 2007. Forty four samples were analyzed for five metals and five anions using an atomic absorption spectrometer and an ion chromatograph, respectively. Arsenic (As) and nitrate (${NO_3}^-$) concentrations in some groundwater samples did not meet the future (10 ${\mu}g/L$) and current (44 mg/L) Korean drinking water standards, respectively. On the other hand, any municipal tap water samples, the sources of which were lake surface water, satisfied the Korean standards. Human health risk assessment results showed that arsenic in all types of water, especially groundwater including commercial mineral water, may pose both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic effects on the residents. It is concluded that groundwater is not safe drinking water any longer and that a national survey and follow-up measures need to be taken.