• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.49-59
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the growth rate and the optimal stocking density of sea cucumbers. Grow-out was studied in situ by conducting a follow-up survey using visible implant elastomer (VIE) tags. The rearing systems were made of polypropylene pipe for the frames and netting. The experiment ran for 70 days near Yeosu, Korea in the water depth of about 7 m. A total of 576 sea cucumbers which have three groups of body sizes (small: 5.15, medium: 12.34 and large: 23.26 g) were used. The five groups of stocking densities (150, 300, 450, 600 and $850g/m^2$) in rearing system for sea cucumber were considered. Sea cucumbers were fed a mixed diet (mud, mineral, fish meal, etc.). The feed was supplied to 10% of their body wet weight once every 7 days. The survival rate (73%) of sea cucumber in $850g/m^2$ was lower than those of other density groups ($150g/m^2$: 89%, $300g/m^2$: 84%, $450g/m^2$: 78% and $600g/m^2$: 86%). The survival rate of medium size group was higher than those of small and large groups regardless of the density (P<0.05). Most of density groups have no significant difference except for $850g/m^2$ (P>0.05). The growth rate of small size group ($0.63%day^{-1}$) was higher than those of medium ($0.38%day^{-1}$) and large ($0.34%day^{-1}$) group regardless of the density (P<0.05). The threshold water temperature was $11.0^{\circ}C$ for sea cucumber growth in winter season.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.2610-2630
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• 2021

The aim of this paper is to propose the alternative algorithm to finish the process in public key cryptography. In general, the proposed method can be selected to finish both of modular exponentiation and point multiplication. Although this method is not the best method in all cases, it may be the most efficient method when the condition responds well to this approach. Assuming that the binary system of the exponent or the multiplier is considered and it is divided into groups, the binary system is in excellent condition when the number of groups is small. Each group is generated from a number of 0 that is adjacent to each other. The main idea behind the proposed method is to convert the exponent or the multiplier as the subtraction between two integers. For these integers, it is impossible that the bit which is equal to 1 will be assigned in the same position. The experiment is split into two sections. The first section is an experiment to examine the modular exponentiation. The results demonstrate that the cost of completing the modular multiplication is decreased if the number of groups is very small. In tables 7 - 9, four modular multiplications are required when there is one group, although number of bits which are equal to 0 in each table is different. The second component is the experiment to examine the point multiplication process in Elliptic Curves Cryptography. The findings demonstrate that if the number of groups is small, the costs to compute point additions are low. In tables 10 - 12, assigning one group is appeared, number of point addition is one when the multiplier of a point is an even number. However, three-point additions are required when the multiplier is an odd number. As a result, the proposed method is an alternative way that should be used when the number of groups is minimal in order to save the costs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Professional Engineer Association Conference
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• 1984.12a
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• pp.77-82
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• 1984

The small group activities (SGA) was introduced into some of enterprises in Korea in 1967 and plant division, Saemaul undong Headquarters had encouraged Quality Control Circles (QCC) within the manufacturing corporations in assistance of central government. Registered small groups as of august 31, 1984 amounted up to 78,243 units and the number of members were 791,512. Meanwhile, small and medium industries have mostly introduced small group activities considerably later and less actively managed than large business. Main reasons for the less effectiveness of the activities are due to lack of management skills and less awareness of it from management and workers group. Effective small group activities are presumed to be successful only with labor management cooperation on the basis of human-oriented management philosophy. The small group activities are also prevalent in service sector. More derivative methods have been developed and more members are willingly participating in training programs. The small group which is basically a horizontal organization unit, promotes communication within the whole organization. In consideration of the social circumstances and traditions, the flexible model of the small group activities suitable to the corporate environment, will contribute to industrial development.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.202-210
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• 2012

This study was analyzed based on the core competencies that Small Giant enterprises to foster the goals of growth of SMEs mid-sized businesses rather than Global Small Giant enterprises of the business model for a causal relationship. As the result, the average age, sales and number of employees of Korean small giants were 20.6 years, 148.8 billion won and 312.1. This research investigated that Korean small giants were realizing the sustainable growth with the firm shares in the target markets, based on added values in groups and technical powers, although their average age is one third younger than global small giants. The further research needs to develop and select small giants more precisely and strictly. It is expected that small giants will be new growth engines to improve global competitiveness of Korea.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.43-59
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• 2008

This paper studies small and medium sized financial agency's management states that take advantage of the Korea Federation of Saving Bank's data. It also presents the management state and the decision-making model that monitors progressive insolvency by standardizing transfer path between relevant groups. With this in mind, we extracted explanatory variables for predictions of insolvency by using existing studies of document related insolvency. First of all, we designed a state model based on demarcated groups to take advantage of the self organizing map that groups in line with a neural network. Secondly, we developed a transition model by standardizing the transfer path between individual banks in a state model. Finally, we presented a decision-making model that integrated the state model and the transition model. This paper will provide groundwork for methods of insolvency prevention to businesses in order for them to have a smooth management system in the financial agencies.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.487-501
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• 2003

The paper is devoted to the description of changes of the structure of the holomorphic automorphism group of a bounded domain in \mathbb{C}^n under small perturbation of this domain in the Hausdorff metric. We consider a number of examples when an arbitrary small perturbation can lead to a domain with a larger group, present theorems concerning upper semicontinuity property of some invariants of automorphism groups. We also prove that the dimension of an abelian subgroup of the automorphism group of a bounded domain in \mathbb{C}^n does not exceed n.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.325-337
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of (1) the size of the bony access window and (2) collagen membrane coverage over the window in sinus floor elevation in a rabbit sinus model. Methods: Small bony access windows (SW; ø 2.8 mm) were made in 6 rabbits and large windows (LW; ø 6 mm) in 6 other rabbits. Both sinuses in each rabbit were allocated to groups with or without coverage of a collagen membrane (CM) on the window, resulting in 4 groups: SW, LW, SW+CM, and LW+CM. After 4 weeks of healing, micro-computed tomographic, histologic, and histomorphometric analyses were performed. Results: Bony healing in the window area was incomplete in all groups, but most bone graft particles were well confined in the augmented cavity. Histologically, the pattern of new bone formation was similar in all groups. Histomorphometrically, the percentage of newly formed bone was greater in the groups with CM than in the groups without CM, and in the groups with SW than in the groups with LW (12.92%±6.40% in the SW+CM group, 4.21%±7.73% in the SW group, 10.45%±4.81% in the LW+CM group, 11.77%±3.83% in the LW group). The above differences were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: The combination of a small bony access window and the use of a collagen membrane over the window favored new bone formation compared to other groups, but this result should be further investigated due to the limitations of the present animal model.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.356-370
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• 2006

Objectives: The aim of this experimental study is to investigate effects of Dolichoris Semen, Terminaliae Fructus and Bojanggunbi-tangon the anti-cathartic action of mice and guinea pigs to develop effective herbal medicine and prescription to cure diarrhea early and to prevent side effect of chronic diarrhea. Methods: To compare effects of Dolichoris Semen, Terminaliae Fructus and Bojanggunbi-tangon the anti-cathartic action of mice and guinea pigs, we evaluated the actions on isolated gastrointestinal smooth muscles. on the transportability of small and large intestines, onthe neostigmine-induced transportability of small intestine and on diarrhea induced by castor oil, pilocarpine, barium chloride. Results: (1) Dolichoris Semen, Terminaliae Fructus and Bojanggunbi-tang showed the strong alleviation on the contraction of mice's isolated gastrointestinal smooth muscles induced by acetylcholine chloride and barium chloride. while Terminaliae Fructus, strong, Bojanggunbi-tang, intermediate and Dolichoris Semenshowed the minor alleviation on the contraction of guinea pigs' isolated gastrointestinal smooth muscles induced by acetylcholine chloride and histamine. All effects depended on the density in each medicine. (2) The tranbportability of small intestine was contrained in the groups controlled by 600 mg/kg of Dolichoris Semen, Terminaliae Fructus and Bojanggunbi-tang, and 200 mg/kg of D olichoris Semen and Terminaliae Fructus. However, the enhancement of neostigmine-induced transportability of small intestine was constrained only in the groups controlled by 600 mg/kg of Dolichoris Semen, Terminaliae Fructus and Boianggunbi-tang. (3) The transportability of large intestine was constrained by Dolichoris Semen and Bojanggunbi-tang. They showed substantial results. which depended on the amount of each medicine. (4) Terminaliae Fructus showed substantial anti-cathartic effects on diarrhea induced by caster oil in both groups controlled by 200 and 600 mg/kg of it. However, Bojanggunbi-tangshowed the effects only in the group controlled by 600 mg/kg. in diarrhea induced by pilocarpine, the groups controlled by 600 mg/kg or Terminaliae Fructus and 200 and 600 mg/kg of Boianggnbi-tangshowed substantial results. In diarrhea induced by barium chloride. the groups controlled by 200 and 600 mg/kg of Terminaliae Fructus and 600 mg/kg of Boianggunbi-tangshowed substantial results in anti-cathartic effects. Conclusions: These results show that Terminaliae Fructus is more effective on the contraction of mice and guinea pigs' isolated gastrointestinal smooth muscles, Dolichoris Semen is more effective on the transportability of small intestine, Dolichoris Semen and Bojanggunbi-tang are more effective on the transportability of large intestine. Terminaliae Fructus and Bojanggunbi-tang show substantial results in anti-cathartic actions.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.124-139
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of the inclusive leader on group interactions in scientific inquiry experiments emphasizing group interactions. For this purpose, the students' verbal interaction patterns in groups with inclusive leaders were compared with those of groups with normal leaders and the inclusive leaders' influence on the progress of group interactions was analyzed extensively. This study focused on interactions of four small groups of seventh graders, with two having inclusive leaders and two having normal leaders. Students were involved in seven science classes for three weeks and students' interactions in each class were observed and recorded using video/audio. The data recorded was transcribed. Analysis of verbal interaction patterns showed that the small group with the inclusive leader had a more positive atmosphere and highly structured interactions. Results of the study showed that interactions of small groups with inclusive leaders were sustained for longer times, since the inclusive leaders initiated and expanded interactions. The inclusive leaders behaved with consideration of the feelings of other members in sharing their roles or facing critical situations. In addition, although they sometimes gave pressured other members to get them to participate, the pressure did not discourage their interaction as opposed to the emotional pressure that normal leaders would exert. The inclusive leaders were pleased with small-group interactions and activities. They considered the feelings of the other members and respected others' opinions. Such characteristics of inclusive leaders preserved a positive atmosphere and produced more high-level interactions. Thus, the groups that inclusive leaders had influenced had a pleasant and significant learning experience. Educational implications of characteristics of the inclusive leader and the organization of groupings were drawn.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.99-110
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• 1999

We apply sector theory to obtain some characterization on Gaois groups for subfactors. As an example of a non-irreducible inclusion of small index, a locally trivial inclusion arising from an automorphism is considered and its Galois group is completely determined by using sector theory.