• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the efficacy and safety of Sanjoin-tang (Suanzaoren decoction, SZRD) for insomnia in menopausal syndromes. Method : We searched the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database (VIP), Wanfang, Research Information Service System (RISS), OASIS, Korean studies Information Service System (KISS), and National Digital Science Library (NDSL) databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-RCTs that used SZRD for women in menopause were included. The methodological quality of each RCT was assessed using the risk of bias tool. Results : In total, nine RCTs were finally included. The included RCTs had a high risk of bias across their domains. Three RCTs examined the effects of SZRD compared with western medicine (WM) in insomnia. Three RCTs showed favorable effects of SZRD with insomnia. Infrastructure also showed that SZRD resulted in better clinical WM (RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.32, P=0.001, I²=0%). Four RCTs showed favorable effects of Modified SZRD with insomnia. Infrastructure also showed that Modified SZRD resulted in better clinical WM (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.23, P=0.004, I²=0%). Among the 4 RCTs, three RCTs showed an equivalent effect on the total Pittsburh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The meta-analysis also showed that Modified SZRD had a superior effect on the total of PSQI (total of PSQI : MD -2.55, 95% CI -3.72 to -1.37, P<0.0001, I²=85%). Only 2 trials reported adverse events and none reported severe adverse events. Conclusion : SZRD appears to be safe, but there is insufficient evidence to make a definitive conclusion because only a few studies reported adverse events. Due to the poor methodological quality of the included studies and the small number of trials included, the evidence cannot be reproduced and assessed. Well-designed RCTs with a larger sample size are needed in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.188-193
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• 2007

We simulated the magnetization reversal behavior of submicron-thickness magnetic films by applying pulses of sub-ns-long durations and amplitudes along the easy axis. The films were rectangular and elliptical $Ni_{80}Fe_{20}$, and their thickness was 2 nm and 4 nm. We observed different behaviors depending upon the shape and thickness of the films and found a normal non-switching in regions in which we expected complete switching after relaxation. In the elliptical film, the non-switching regions were found to be random and to be widely distributed throughout the switching map. The strong demagnetization field along the z-axis, the film thickness direction, is likely responsible for this abnormal behavior. In the rectangular film, the abnormal non-switching regions were less distributed than they were in the elliptical film due to edge domains resulting from the small $M_z$ or demagnetization field during the switching. Our simulation confirms that large demagnetization is detrimental to the ultra-fast magnetization reversal of magnetic ultra-thin films.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.5 s.95
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• pp.695-702
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• 2006

The stress distribution and the critical stresses in concrete pavements were analyzed using formulations in the transformed field domains when dual-wheel single-, tandem-, and tridem-axle loads were applied. First the accuracy of the transformed field domain analysis results was verified by comparing with the finite element analysis results. Then, the stress distribution along the longitudinal and transverse directions was investigated, and the effects of slab thickness, concrete elastic modulus, and foundation stiffness on the stress distribution were studied. The effect of the tire contact pressure related to the tire print area was also studied, and the location of the critical stress occurrence in concrete pavements was finally investigated. From this study, it was found that the critical concrete stress due to multi-axle loads became larger as the concrete elastic modulus increased, the slab thickness increased, and the foundation stiffness decreased. The number of axles did not tend to affect the critical stress ratio except for a small foundation stiffness value with which the critical stress ratio became significantly larger as the number of axles increased. The critical stress location in the transverse direction tended to move into the interior as the tire contact pressure increased, the concrete elastic modulus increased, the slab thickness increased, and the foundation stiffness decreased. The critical stress location in the longitudinal direction was under the axle for single- and tandem-axle loads, but for tridem-axle loads, it tended to move under the middle axle from the outer axles as the concrete elastic modulus and/or slab thickness increased and the foundation stiffness decreased.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.1292-1300
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• 1996

In-site X-ray diffraction measurements under electric field up to 20kV/ cm were carried out on PLZT (x/70/30) with x=7.5, 8.0, 8.5, and 10.5 All of PLZT belonged to cubic phases. At x=7.5, 8.0 and 8.5 PLZT behaved as an antiferroelectric under low electric fields up to 4-8 kV/cm. PLZT became ferroelectric at the higher electric fields. The high-temperature measurements on the dielectric constants of PLZT with x=7.5, 8.0 and 8.5 showed that they were similar to relaxor ferroelectrics and underwent a diffuse phase transition from antiferroelectrics to paraelectrics at 50-7$0^{\circ}C$. Their P-E hysteresis curves confirmed that they were antifer-roelectrics. The broad distribution of Curie points suggests that there is a significant disorder of cations and vacances in the crystal structure of those PLZT due to La-substitution. The variation of the lattice strain of PLZT(10.5/70/30) with electic field was very small and did not show any hysteresis confirming that it was paraelectric. The degree of the electric-induced strain variation decreased as La doping increased. In PLZT(7.5/70/30) the intensity of 110 reflection changes sensitively by applying electric field. Some domains with polarization parallel to [110] appeared to be developed in the field-induced ferroelectric phase of the PLZT.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.861-869
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• 2007

The enzyme 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGR; EC1.1.1.34) catalyzes the first committed step of isoprenoids biosynthesis in MVA pathway. Here we report for the first time the cloning and characterization of a full-length cDNA encoding HMGR (designated as CgHMGR, GenBank accession number EF206343) from hazel (Corylus avellana L. Gasaway), a taxol-producing plant species. The full-length cDNA of CgHMGR was 2064 bp containing a 1704-bp ORF encoding 567 amino acids. Bioinformatic analyses revealed that the deduced CgHMGR had extensive homology with other plant HMGRs and contained two transmembrane domains and a catalytic domain. The predicted 3-D model of CgHMGR had a typical spatial structure of HMGRs. Southern blot analysis indicated that CgHMGR belonged to a small gene family. Expression analysis revealed that CgHMGR expressed high in roots, and low in leaves and stems, and the expression of CgHMGR could be up-regulated by methyl jasmonate (MeJA). The functional color assay in Escherichia coli showed that CgHMGR could accelerate the biosynthesis of $\beta$-carotene, indicating that CgHMGR encoded a functional protein. The cloning, characterization and functional analysis of CgHMGR gene will enable us to further understand the role of CgHMGR involved in taxol biosynthetic pathway in C. avellana at molecular level.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to develop and secure the human resources of SMEs by examining the causal relationship between job characteart-time job experience and career development of youth. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, 10,119 youths in the middle and high schools in Korea who participated in the panel data collection by the Korea Youth Policy Institute were surveyed from May 20 to July 12 in 2013, Panel data were used. The results of the study are as follows. First, it was found that the part-time job experience had a statistically significant effect on the planning, which is a sub-area of career development. Second, the part-time job experience has a statistically significant effect on attitude, a sub-domain of career development. Third, it was found that the part-time job experience had a statistically significant effect on the self knowledge, which is a sub-domain of career development. Fourth, it was shown that the part-time job experience had a statistically significant effect on career behavior, one of the sub-areas of career development. Fifth, it was found that the part-time experience characteristics had a statistically significant effect on the independence of sub-domains of career development. Therefore, since the part-time work of youth has a positive effect on career development, it is expected that the human resources of the future of SMEs will be secured if they create a place for career experience and job experience in connection with middle, high school and SMEs.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.15-24
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• 2010

A Digilog Book is an augmented reality (AR) based next generation publication supporting both sentimental analog emotions and digitized multi-sensory feedbacks by combining a conventional printed book and digital contents. As a Digilog Book authoring software, ARtalet provides an intuitive authoring environment through 3D user interface in AR environment. In this paper, we suggest ARtalet authoring environment based trajectory editing method to generate and manipulate a movement path of an augmented 3D object on the Digilog Book. Specifically, the translation points of the 3D manipulation prop is examined to determine that the point is a proper control point of a trajectory. Then the interpolation using splines is conducted to reconstruct the trajectory with smoothed form. The dynamic score based selection method is also exploited to effectively select small and dense control points of the trajectory. In an experimental evaluation our method took the same time and generated a similar amount of errors as the usual approach, but reduced the number of control points needed by over 90%. The reduced number of control points can properly reconstruct a movement path and drastically decrease the number of control point selections required for movement path modification. For control manipulation, the task completion time was reduced and there was less hand movement needed than with conventional method. Our method can be applicable to drawing or curve editing method in immersive In-Situ AR based education, game, design, animation, simulation application domains.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.853-869
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• 2012

Nowadays, in the context of growing environmental consciousness and tourism industry, 'eco-tourism' has been expanding rapidly worldwide, and it is viewed as the strategy of regional development. Ecotourism is also perceived potential as an effective tool for sustainable development. However, when poorly planned and implemented an ecotourism project, it can quickly turn economic gains into social and environmental disasters. The purpose of this study is to develop standard sets of indicators to measure sustainable ecotourism, and to evaluate ecotourism sustainability practically. This study applies the indicators sets to the ecotourism through the case studies of 10 Korean ecotourism sites. Using the indicators sets, the levels and characteristics of the sustainability of 10 eco-tour sites were measured and evaluated, which makes it possible to monitor sustainable ecotourism in the future. After setting weights among domains differently, the results of the sensitivity analysis showed that the rank changes of the eco-tourism sustainability was very small, implying that the problem of weights setting among each domain will not be critical. Base on the empirical analysis, this study suggests the application of sustainability indicator sets of eco-tourism in the normative, analytic, practical aspects.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.379-393
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• 2015

The fire damage has been increased as the frequency of fire incidence decreases with increasing in death and economic loss. Local governments are dependent on the activities of fire-fighters with crude preparedness and prevention for fire incidence. Most of researches on fire safety have focused on descriptive statistics which show general trends in fire incidence and condition. Here we tried to make a mutual causal model for fire damage, to make three big hypotheses with laying three small hypotheses under each big hypothesis. Five years statistics from public domains in the form of hardcopy or softcopy were collected and fifteen independent variables were selected to explain the number of death, the number of fire incidence and the amount of economic loss from fire incidence. The significances of statistics are different among the regional characteristics. The hypotheses were partially rejected and the meanings of rejected factors will refresh the tentative prejudice. It is necessary to revise the principle that the number of population and size of area are regarded as the most important criteria to allocate resources for fire control and to have the criteria flexible with results of our research such as the number of the weak to fire disaster.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.17D no.2
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• pp.157-166
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• 2010

More recently, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems have begun to find greater use in various industrial fields. The use of RFID system in these application domains has been promoted by efforts to develop the RFID tags which are low in cost, small in size, and high in performance. The RFID applications enable the real-time capture and update of RFID tag information, while simultaneously allowing business process change through real-time alerting and alarms. These be developed to monitor person or objects with RFID tags in a place and to provide visibility and traceability of the seamless flows of RFID tags. In this time, the RFID readers should be placed in diverse locations, the RFID flows between these readers can be tested based on various scenarios. However, due to the high cost of RFID readers, it may be difficult to prepare the similar environment equipped with RFID read/write devices. In this paper, we propose a simulator to allow RFID application testing without installing physical devices. It can model the RFID deployment environment, place various RFID readers and sensors on this model, and move the RFID tags through the business processes. This simulator can improve the software development productivity by accurately testing RFID middleware and applications. In addition, when data security cannot be ensured by any fault, it can decide where the problem is occurred between RFID hardware and middleware.