• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.15-21
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• 2014

Recently, energy generation using algae technology is being promising due to the emerging issues on energy insufficiency and environmental contamination, although the solution has not been resolved in aspect of technological and economical efficiencies since it was originally proposed in the early 1980s by many scholars. The energy production technology using algae materials has great values as not only a solution for new energy generation but also an eco-friendly sustainable building equipment system. In addition, cultivation tank for algae using water sources seems to play a role as a decreasing system for thermal transmittance on building components. This study aims at investigating the adaptability towards the future sustainable building with algae technology and testifying the energy efficiency of the algae skins by operating a couple of simulation tools to measure building performances for the proposed prototype of the façade system.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

Recently, various types of flexible devices such as flexible displays, batteries, e-skins and solar cell panels have been reported. Most of the researches focus on the development of high performance flexible device. However, to realize these flexible devices, the long-term reliability should be guaranteed during the repeated deformations of flexible devices because the direct mechanical stress would be applied on the electronic devices unlike the rigid Si-based devices. Among various materials consisting electronics devices, metal electrode is one of the weakest parts against mechanical deformation because the mechanical and electrical properties of metal films degrade gradually due to fatigue damage during repeated deformations. This article reviews the researches of fatigue behavior of thin metal film, and introduces the methods to enhance the reliability of metal electrode for flexible device.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.116-120
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• 2004

A metal flaperon of a supersonic aircraft including the ribs, and skins was re-designed with a graphite/epoxy composite material to evaluate the weight saving effect. MSC/NASTRAN was used for the finite element analysis. The safety of the composite structures were evaluated in terms of the failure index, section cut, buckling, bearing/bypass and durability and damage tolerance analysis. After the application of the composite material, total weight saving of 25.6 pounds was achieved.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 1994

About 6,950 fEather mites were isolated from field collections and examination of bird study skins at the zoological specimen room of Kon-Kuk University in Seoul. Among them, 3 species of Kramerellidae, Dermonoton longiventer (Megnln & Trouessart, 1884), Kramerella bubonis (Lonnfors, 1937) , Neopetitotcl bubonis Atyeo & Philips, 1984, and 1 species of Pterolichidae, EpopoLichn atelw Gaud, 1981 were newly recorded from Korea. They were redescribed with their new hosts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.615-622
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• 1995

It may be inefficient to conduct the aeroelastic analysis by using full-scale conventional finite-element analyses or experiments, from the initial design phase, for an aircraft wing which can be considered as the discontinuum complex structure with composite laminated skins. In this paper, therefore more efficient aeroelastic analysis has been conducted for a box-beam typed aircraft wing by using the equivalent continuum beam-rod model which is derived from the concept of energy equivalence. Equivalent structural properties of the continuum beam-rod model are obtained from the direct comparison of the finite-element matrices of continuum beam-rod model with those of box-beam typed aircraft wing. Numerical results by the continuum beam-rod model approach are compared with those by the conventional finite-element analysis approach to show that the continuum beam-rod model proposed herein is quite satisfactory as a simplified model of aircraft wing structure for aeroelastic analyses.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.351-356
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• 2004

A transdermal preparation containing diclofenac diethylammonium (DDA) was developed using an O/W microemulsion system. Of the oils tested, lauryl alcohol was chosen as the oil phase of the microemulsion, as it showed a good solubilizing capacity and excellent skin permeation rate of the drug. Pseudoternary phase diagrams were constructed to obtain the concentration range of oil, surfactant and cosurfactant for microemulsion formation, and the effect of these additives on skin permeation of DDA was evaluated with excised rat skins. The optimum formulation of the microemulsion consisted of 1.16% of DDA, 5% of lauryl alcohol, 60% of water in combination with the 34.54% of Labrasol (surfactant)/ethanol (cosurfactant) (1:2). The efficiency of formulation in the percutaneous absorption of DDA was dependent upon the contents of water and lauryl alcohol as well as Labrasol: ethanol mixing ratio. It was concluded that the percutaneous absorption of DDA from microemulsions was enhanced with increasing the lauryl alcohol and water contents, and with decreasing the Labrasol:ethanol mixing ratio in the formulation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.54-61
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to improve of energy performance in school buildings. Many building renovations have mainly focused on commercial buildings and houses, but school buildings have no attention in this field although there are many buildings that show degraded energy performance and there are many old fashioned buildings which need renovation. This study was carried out through the survey, field study, energy simulation and life cycle cost analysis. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: In model building, large amount of heat were lost at the building envelope, such as non-insulated skins, window-sills and window-frame joints. According to the simulation result, about 15％ of heating energy is saved by the insulating works compared to pre-renovation condition. Also, LCC analysis revealed to be more effective to select a exteria wall insulation such as a dryvit system.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2004

Ozone(O$_3$), one of best-known toxic air pollutant, act as a strong oxidant. It is possible that skins exposed to the air can be easily damaged by such oxidative air pollutants. Therefore, in the present study, anti-oxidative effects of natural product. on $O_2$ㆍ and ㆍOH were investigated by EPR. Ozone caused protein damage and lipid oxidation, in HaCaT and B16F10 leading ultimately to programmed cell death. It also reduced the level of antioxidant molecules including ascorbic acid and tocopherol in stratum comeum. However, antioxidants originated from natural products could protect skin from these products could protect skin from these oxidative damages. We concluded that eight natural extracts including Rosa davurica, Ligularia sibrica, Green tea acted as strong antioxidants against ozone.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.122-128
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• 2014

Recently, many studies have conducted to satisfy a physical need of human between environment of light on space, so an atrium structure has been applied to cultural complex. However, this structure brings about many problems such as overheating in summer, excessive vertical temperature differences, condensation, diffusion of noise, effect of echo, and withering landscapes. Especially, in this research, thermal comfort by difference of vertical temperature in the space of atrium and the optical characteristics of glass skins of the atrium could be remarkably effected by solar flux entering indoors.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2001

A sectional FEA program is developed lot analyzing forming processes of sandwich sheets, which are intensively used recently as a lightweight material of an automobile body. The aluminum sandwich sheet consists of two aluminum skins and a polyprophylen core in between. The aluminum sandwich sheet is dominantly effected by the bending effects in small radius of curvature, so that an appropriate description of bending effects is required to analyze the forming processes. For the evaluation of bending effects, the bending equivalent forces are calculated from the bending moment computed using the curvature of the tool and are added to the membrane stretch forces. To verify the validity of the developed program the sectional FEA results in stretch/draw forming Processes of a square cup and draw forming Processes of an outer hood panel were compared with the measurements.