• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.359-364
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• 2007

Pine bark extract is well-known as a very powerful antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antibiotic material. French maritime pine bark extract ($Pycnogenol^{(R)}$) of Horphag Research has monopolized the world market over 30 years. Korean red pine bark extract ($Pinexol^{(R)}$) was first manufactured by the patent technology of NutraPharm in Korea in 2006. Feasibility of topical gel and patch formulations of Pinexol was systematically investigated by evaluating the skin absorption of catechin as a reference compound. In vitro hairless mouse skin absorption of catechin from gel formulation was higher than that from patches. However, significant amount of catechin was also deposited inside the skin from patch formulations, which were dependent on the types of pressure sensitive adhesives. Thus, it seems to be feasible to control the topical delivery of Pinexol by using both gel and patch formulations, and be necessary to conduct further systematic investigation.

• 약학회지
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.506-512
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• 2001

Ketoprofen (KP) was formulated as a transdermal patch using the percutaneous penetration enhancers sorbitan monmmleate(SMO), polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP). The control patch without penetration enhancers showed a KP flux of 8.9$\pm$0.75$\mu\textrm{g}$/$\textrm{cm}^2$/h The flux was increased in proportion to the concentration of SMO added. Furthermore, lag times were decreased upon addition of SMO. Conversely; the skin flux of KP was decreased in proportion to the concentration of PVP added. Pharmacokinetic parameters including $C_{max}$, $T_{max}$, and AUC were increased when SMO was added. However, $C_{mas}$ significantly decreased by the addition of PVP. $T_{max}$ was not significantly different in 2%, 4%, and 8% PVP patches. Patches containing 4% PVP showed the highest AUC value (19.158$\mu\textrm{g}$.h/ml). We found that the effectiveness of the two percutaneous penetration enhancers for topical KP patches was similar, with the addition of appropriate amounts of HPC modifying both skin flux and lag time of KP in the patches. In conclusion, it is possible to manufacture KP patches exhibiting high AUC, high skin flux, and short lag time using percutaneous penetration enhancers of SMO and PVP.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2009

알렌드로네이트의 생체이용률을 높이고 경구복용시 발생하는 부작용을 해소하고자 경피약물전달시스템에 전기이온영동법, microneedle 등을 적용하여 in-vitro 시험 후 약물전달량을 HPLC-Flu를 이용하여 조사하였다. 전기이온영동시험을 위해 사용된 약물 패취는 UV중합법으로 합성하였으며, 이때 패취에 함유된 알렌드로네이트의 량은 $5.0\;mg/cm^3$이었다. 0.25, $0.50\;mA/cm^2$의 전류를 인가한 경우, 약물전달량은 각각 $0.80{\pm}0.03$와 $2.00{\pm}0.02{\mu}g$이었다. microneedle로 전처리 후의 전달량은 각각 $70.65{\pm}0.37$와 $162.23{\pm}0.40{\mu}g$으로 증가했다. 경피약물전달용 알렌드로네이트 패취의 생체적 합성 평가는 ISO 10993에 따라 시험하였다.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.219-229
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• 2020

최근, 아토피 피부염은 피부 자극에 민감하므로 피부 자극을 최소화하면서도, 특정한 국소 부위에 대한 점착력과 흡수력을 효과적으로 발휘할 수 있으며 적절한 약물 방출을 거동할 수 있는 패치 개발이 우선시 되어야 한다고 제안되기도 하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 피부 자극을 최소화하고 특정 부위에 효과적으로 접착 및 흡수 할 수 있는 하이드로겔 패치를 개발코자 하였다. 아토피 패치는 동결 건조법을 이용하여 고흡수성 하이드로겔 시트를 제형화 하였다. 인간각질세포(HaCaT cells) 및 섬유아세포(L929 cells) 사용하여 세포 안정성을 수행하였다. 물리적 성질을 조사하고자 FT-IR, FE-SEM, 다공성 분석, 팽윤성 거동을 조사 하였다. 그 결과, 새롭게 제조된 HA-Dex 하이드로겔 패치는 생체 적합성 및 물리적 평가에 의해 입증하였다. 또한 제조된 하이드로겔 패치는 충분한 수분 흡수력과 아토피성 피부의 가려움증을 완화시킬 수 있으며, 향후 아토피 성 피부염 치료에 다양한 약물 전달 제품에 적용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.189-192
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• 2000

We examined a dermal pharmacokinetics for a new SYC-fentanyl patch in rabbits. Determination of fentanyl in the plasma was performed using a gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection system and a capillary column. One patch per animal (fentanyl 2.5 mg) was applied to clipped back skin for 72 hours. The plasma fentanyl concentration profile of SYC-patch was similar to that of a conventional patch (Durogesi $c^{R}$, Janssen Co.). No significant difference was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters, the area under the concentration-time curve (AU $C^{0-}$72hrs/) and the total area under the first moment-time curve (AUM $C^{0-}$7hrs/), between the two patch types. The AU $C^{0-}$7hrs/ and AUM $C^{0-}$72hrs/ of durogesi $c^{R}$ were 183.3$\pm$46.28 ng＊hr/ml and 6,450$\pm$1,939ng＊h$r^2$/ml, and those of SYC-fentany patch were 217.2$\pm$50.51$\pm$ng＊hr/ml and 8,022$\pm$2,245ng＊h$r^2$/ml, respectively (n=3). This result indicates that the new SYC patch has a similar bioavailability compared to durogesi $c^{R}$ patch. Therefore, the SYC-patch may be considered as a bioequivalent fentanyl patch.patch.tch.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.87-90
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• 2013

The potential role of topical valproate (VPA) in hair regrowth has been recently suggested. However, safety reports of VPA as a topical formulation are lacking. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated whether VPA causes skin irritation in humans. We first performed a cell viability test and showed that VPA did not exhibit toxicity toward HaCaT keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and RBL-3H mast cells. We then performed clinical patch test and skin irritation test through transdermal drug delivery with the help of microneedle rollers. No significant findings were obtained in the clinical patch test. In the skin irritation test, only 1 patient showed erythema at 1 hr, but the irritation reaction faded away within a few hours. Erythema and edema were not observed at 24 hr. We concluded that VPA has minimal potential to elicit skin irritation. Therefore, we consider that VPA can safely be applied to human skin.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.71-76
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• 2019

The diffusion of the drug component of the inflammatory patch into the living tissue was analyzed by laser induced plasma spectroscopy (LIBS). Calcium element, which is a diffusion catalyst of the drug in the inflammatory analgesic patch, is transferred into the body through the diffusion process of the substance. The test pieces used in the experiment are pig skin tissues which are similar to human skin. As a result, the diffusion coefficient D of the calcium element was found to be average $8.24{\times}10^{-2}({\mu}m^2/s)$. Experimental results showed that the most influential factors on the diffusion of materials were temperature variables.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and optimize permeability of slim patch type as a transdermal delivery system of caffein. Slim patch type was formulated and tested in modified Franz diffusion cell across cellulose membrane and hairless mouse skin in pH 5.8 phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The effect of $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ and drug concentration on permeation at four model, 1,2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ with $0.12\;mg/cm^2$ caffein and 0.12, $1.2\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ through hairless mouse skin was studied in vitro. The release of caffein from slim patch with various loading was fitted by the Higuchi's diffusion equation. The result showed that chemical $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ produced a large and significant increase of permeation. The effect of 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ on permeation of caffein was greater about 10-fold greater than 1% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ in first 60 minutes. The effect of drug concentration, however, was lower than that produced by chemical $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$. Within the tested system, the most efficient combination for caffein slim patch type was $0.12\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR},$ although $1.2\;mg/cm^2$ caffein with 2% $Pharmsolv^{\circledR}$ showed highest amounts permeation, because permeated percentages were significantly lower about $1/4{\sim}1/5$ times.

• 생약학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.202-207
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the skin irritation of bee venom (melittin) in human. Skin irritation test was performed at 0.05% bee venom by 48 h single patch test in 30 healthy volunteers with no skin disease and skin sensitization test was performed by local lymph node assay in animal. In single patch test, 28 human subjects showed no reaction and 2 subjects showed 1+ or 3+ grade skin reaction. In a skin sensitization test of bee venom conducted using mice. no erythema was observed on the dorsal side of mice up to 8 days after application of bee venom on the skin. The results of the average stimulation index by ATP values showed that there was no irritation to the mice skin at 0.005% and 0.01% of bee venom. Therefore, bee venom is not likely to induce a significant skin irritation under 0.05% concentration.

• 대한화상학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.50-52
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• 2021

Iatrogenic electrical burns that occur from the use of a defibrillator, a paddle-type cardiac shock device, have been reported in various forms. Electrical burns are usually conducted directly through the skin and are more damaging than scald burns or contact burns. A transcutaneous cardiac pacing device is a patch-type cardiac shock device that automatically delivers a shock when an abnormal heart rhythm is detected. We introduce a unique case of iatrogenic electrical burns caused by the transcutaneous pacing patch of a cardiac shock device. Electrical energy was converted into a spark due to foreign bodies deposited around the patch, resulting in damage to the peripheral area of the skin.