• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.80-91
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• 1996

A free rectus abdominis flap can include a variable amount of muscle length depending on recipient site requirements. There is also great flexibility in flap design in terms of size, orientation of its axis, and the level of its location over the muscle. It is safe to design the skin island across the midline. Though skin islands designed over the most inferior portion of the abdomen have not always proved reliable when based on the superior epigastric artery, free flaps based on the inferior pedicle can be successfully designed in this area. As free flap based on the inferior epigastric vessels, this flap has been useful for large head and neck defects following ablative procedures, for facial contour restoration as a buried flap, for upper extremity defects, for lower extremity defects such as coverage of grade III tibial fractures and for breast reconstruction. A free rectus abdominis muscle or myocutaneus flap was used in 8 patients. The operations were performed between Sep. of 1994 and April of 1996. The patients were tongue cancer 1 case, chronic facial palsy 1 case, unilateral breast reconstruction 1 case, upper and lower extremity injury 5 cases. The free rectus abdominis muscle flaps were 4 cases and the free myocutaneous flaps were 4 cases. There was no failure of the flap, except one partial necrosis. One case of the skin grafts on the muscle flap was regrafted. One case of reoperation due to venous thrombosis was performed. In tongue cancer patient, a orocutaneous fistula was occurred, but conservative treatment and secondandry skin graft were done. In conclusion, a free rectus abdominis flap has many advantages such as a long and constant pedicle, easy dissection, enough soft tissue available, scar on the donor site to be hiddened, no need for changing position. So we think that this flap is the most useful one for small or moderate sized defects on the various sites.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 2013

Purpose: Soft tissue defect of the hand, which cannot be covered with skin graft or local flap, is usually reconstructed using a free flap. Temporoparietal fascial free flap is one of the best alternatives for functional reconstruction of the hand with exposed tendons, bones, and joints. Materials and Methods: We have experienced four cases of reconstruction using a temporoparietal fascial flap with a skin graft and followed up for 20 years. We conducted a retrospective review of the patients' clinical charts and photos. Results: At the time of initial injury, the average age of patients was 50.3 (39~62) years. The radial artery was used for reconstruction of the dorsal side of the hand, whereas the ulnar artery was used for that of the volar side of the wrist. Short term complication such as skin graft loss and donor site alopecia occurred. However, during the long term follow-up period, no change of flap volume was noted, and full range of motion in the adjacent joint was maintained. In addition, hyperpigmentation of the grafted skin on the flap disappeared gradually. Conclusion: Selection of the optimal flap is important for reconstruction of the hand without functional limitation. We obtained satisfactory soft tissue coverage and functional outcomes using a temporoparietal fascial free flap and followed up for 20 years.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 1999

Remodeling of epithelial cells during wound healing in the skin of the Korean fire-bellied toad, Bombina orientalis, were examined using the scanning and transmission electron microscopical analyses. Artificial wounds were induced on the dorsal surface of the skin by excision, and reared in special cages with normal diets for up to 31 days after injury. From 4 days after wounding, regenerated epithelial cells are more rapidly migrated to wounding area, and remodeling of tissue components are proceeded gradually. Especially, formation of basal lamina between regenerated epithelium and dermis, and reconstruction of cellular junctions such as desmosomes (among the regenerated epithelial cells) and hemidesmosomes (between basal epithelial cells and basal lamina) are detected through fine structural analysis from 10 days after injury. Parakeratosis of regenerated epithelial cells observed during 16 to 19 days after wounding.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.250-250
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• 1996

Eye irritation, primary skin irritation and skin sensitization tests for Aloewhite were tested in New Zealand White rabbits and Hartley guinea pig. In primary skin irritation test of male New Zealand White rabbits, body weights were not significantly changed and primary Irritation Index(PII) was 0.47, indicating Aloewhite as mildly irritating material, In ocular irritation test, any injury on iris, conjunctival membrane, and cornea in New Zealand White rabbits was not observed. No injuries of the ocular mucous membrane were also recorded. Skin sensitization was tested in guinea Peg after intradermal and epicutaneous induction and graded I with zero % sensitization rate. These results indicate that Aloewhite was not considered to be irritant in test organs of animals.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2016

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the characteristics associated with sulfuric acid injury in the emergency department. Methods: Data were collected retrospectively from January 2007 to December 2015 on all sulfuric acid injuries presenting to the emergency department in Gu-mi Soonchunhyung University Hospital. Patients injured by sulfuric acid were recorded over a nine year study period and collected data included demographics, injury mechanism, injured body part, hospital care and final diagnosis. Results: A total of 26 cases were identified. Most patients were male (88.5%) and the face was the most commonly injured body part. The most common mechanism of injury was splashing injury. A total of 16 (61.5%) patients were identified as having lesions worse than second degree burns. Conclusion: Sulfuric acid can cause severe and fatal skin burn. When working with sulfuric acid, acid proof protect clothing, goggles and glove should be worn. Furthermore, safety education and workplace environment improvement are necessary to reduce sulfuric acid injury.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.65-75
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• 1984

The present studies, the investigations were undertaken for an attemp to analyze time course change of biogemic amines in respons to bite injury in rats and guinea pigs, and obtained the following results that might be applicable to the forensic medicine and Forensic Odontology. The histamine concentrations measured at rat abdominal skins were decreased during the first 8 hours and recovered to control levels after 12 hours. However the serotonin concentrations were decreased during the first hours and increased during 4-8 hours, and then returned to control levels thereafter. In contrast with these results, both histamine and serotonin concentrations were tended to increase in guinea pig skins, but the concetration of histamine showed maximum rate of increase immediately after injury and those of sertonin showed maximum rate of increase at 30 minutes. The differencd in the response of histamine and serotonine after injury between rats and ginea pigs revealed that there is specials deffrence in the response of biogenic amines with regard to external stimuli. These results suggest that the determinition of biogenic amines in skin lesion of bite marks could be applied to the estimation of the elapsed time after antemortem injury.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.53-56
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• 2020

A wild juvenile bean goose (Anser fabalis serrirostris) was rescued after sustaining an extensive degloving injury around the neck and chin region. Except for the degloving injury, physical and radiographic examination detected no other trauma-induced abnormality. On the day of presentation to the hospital, the patient underwent extensive debridement and suturing. A twice-daily force feeding with diluted parrot weaning food was required during the hospitalization due to severe anorexia. On day 18, the bean goose was moved to the aviary to undergo rehabilitation and feeding by itself. Management of the severe degloving injury of the cervical region with medical intervention and nutritional assistance was successful in this case, and the results of this case shows the proper management can be implemented to produce satisfactory outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.1330-1335
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• 2005

Red brownish p-pheylenediamine (PPD) has been widely used hair dye for women. The dye was known to cause systemic anaphylaxis, dermatitis and bladder cancer. But the effect of PPD toxicity with oxygen free radical has not been studied. This study investigated the degree of skin injury by PPD. PPD ($2.5\%$ PPD in $2\%\;NH_{4}OH$) was applied to the rat skin ($25 mg/16.5\;cm^2$) 3 or 5 times every other day. Histopathological findings demonstrated the proliferation of epithelial cells and the increased keratinization by PPD. The activities of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) was decreased and acid phosphatase (ACP) was increased in PPD-applied rat skin. Groups in which PPD was applied 5 times were more damaged than groups applied 3 times. To examine the relationship between tissue damage and oxygen free radicals, effect of PPD on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was measured and XO activity was more significantly increased in the group treated with PPD 5 times than 3 times. However, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and the activities of catalase (CAT), super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S -transferase (GST) were more decreased in PPD-applied groups than in controls. Even though the activities of XOD was not changed in the group treated with PPD 3 times, the decreased activities of oxygen free radical system and the damaged skin tissue were observed. This result might be caused by the production of toxic PPD metabolites in rat skin. In conclusion, topical PPD application led to skin injury in a dose-dependent manner, probably due to the generation rate of oxygen free radical.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.33-35
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• 2014

Mondor's disease is an uncommon condition characterized by a palpable, cord-shaped structure, which causes pain when pressed. Its known pathophysiology is thrombophlebitis of the superficial venous system. Although reported repeatedly, its definite cause is unknown and various possible causes have been identified, including surgery, irradiation, infection, malignancy, and trauma. We diagnosed this case to be Mondor's disease of the antecubital venous system, probably due to thermal injury of the proximal tributaries of the basilic or cephalic vein. Risk of thermal injury to the skin flap or the portal site remains a common complication, and as thermal injury to the blood vessel might also be considered, attention must be given when suctioning the area near a large superficial vessel.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2005

Traumatic scapulothoracic dissocation is a rare upper extremity injury caused by massive traction or blunt trauma. Most cases are associated with a large spectrum of concomitant injuries, including severe musculoskeletal injuries and neurovascular injuries around the shoulder. But, it occurs without damaging overlying skin as a closed injury rather than an open injury. We present a case of open scapulothoracic dissociation and describe clinical features with literature review.