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http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2005.34.9.1330

Effect of p-Phenylenediamine to Rat Skin  

Lee, SangHee (Dept. of Beauty Design, Kyongdo Provincial College)
Cho, HyunGug (Dept. of Visual Optics, Kyungwoon University)
Lee, Sang-Il (Dept. of Food Nutrition & Cookery, Keimyung College)
Publication Information
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition / v.34, no.9, 2005 , pp. 1330-1335 More about this Journal
Abstract
Red brownish p-pheylenediamine (PPD) has been widely used hair dye for women. The dye was known to cause systemic anaphylaxis, dermatitis and bladder cancer. But the effect of PPD toxicity with oxygen free radical has not been studied. This study investigated the degree of skin injury by PPD. PPD ($2.5\%$ PPD in $2\%\;NH_{4}OH$) was applied to the rat skin ($25 mg/16.5\;cm^2$) 3 or 5 times every other day. Histopathological findings demonstrated the proliferation of epithelial cells and the increased keratinization by PPD. The activities of glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) was decreased and acid phosphatase (ACP) was increased in PPD-applied rat skin. Groups in which PPD was applied 5 times were more damaged than groups applied 3 times. To examine the relationship between tissue damage and oxygen free radicals, effect of PPD on xanthine oxidase (XO) activity was measured and XO activity was more significantly increased in the group treated with PPD 5 times than 3 times. However, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, and the activities of catalase (CAT), super-oxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S -transferase (GST) were more decreased in PPD-applied groups than in controls. Even though the activities of XOD was not changed in the group treated with PPD 3 times, the decreased activities of oxygen free radical system and the damaged skin tissue were observed. This result might be caused by the production of toxic PPD metabolites in rat skin. In conclusion, topical PPD application led to skin injury in a dose-dependent manner, probably due to the generation rate of oxygen free radical.
Keywords
p-phenylenediamine; oxygen free radical; rat skin;
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