• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.208-212
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• 2016

Background: Outdoor workers are at risk of high ultraviolet radiation exposure, and may have difficulty using sun protection. The objectives were to determine the prevalence of sun protection behaviors in a sample of outdoor construction workers, and to assess which factors predict better sun protection practices. Methods: Participants were recruited via construction unions. Workers answered a questionnaire on demographics, skin cancer risk, sun protection behaviors, and job. Sun protection behavior scores (from questions on sunscreen use, sleeved shirt, hat, shade seeking, sunglasses) were calculated by converting Likert-scale answers to scores from 0 to 4, and taking the mean (separately for work and leisure). Determinants of sun protection behavior scores were examined for work and leisure using generalized linear models. Results: Seventy-seven workers had complete questionnaire data (participation 98%). Sun protection behaviors used most often were hats (79% often/always) and sleeved shirts (82% often/always); least prevalent were shade-seeking (8% often/always) and sunscreen (29% often/always). For both work and leisure scores, the strongest predictor was skin type, with fairer-skinned individuals having higher sun protection behavior scores. Workers had higher scores at work than on weekends. Workplaces that required hats and sleeved shirts for safety purposes had higher protection behavior scores. Conclusion: This high-participation rate cohort helps characterize sun protection behaviors among outdoor workers. Workers practiced better sun protection at work than on weekends, suggesting that workplace policies supportive of sun protection could be useful for skin cancer prevention in the construction industry.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.232-239
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to evaluate if a composition of herb extracts, PLX-PLS was effective to treat atopic dermatitis (AD) in mice. SPZZC is a composition of herb extracts containing the roots of Scopolia parviflora and Paeonia lactiflora, the herb of Zizania caudiflora, the fruit of Ziziphus jujuba and the leaf of Chinese arborvitae. AD in BALB/c mouse was induced by patching ovoalbumin on the backside, while it in NC/Nga mouse was induced by repeated application of 1-chloro 2,4-dinitrobenzene (DNCB). Mice were topically treated with SPZZC or Domohorn ointment on the backside for 2 weeks (BALB/c) or 1 week (NC/Nga). Scratching behavior, clinical skin severity and the levels of WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil and total serum IgE were measured. After AD induction, scores of scratching behavior and clinical skin severity and the levels of WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil and total serum IgE were increased. Treatment with SPZZC significantly decreased scores of scratching behavior and clinical skin severity in a dose dependent manner in NC/Nga and BALB/c mice. Treatment with SPZZC 2% significantly decreased also the levels of WBC, neutrophil, eosinophil and total serum IgE. Especially, treatment of SPZZC 2% reduced more rapidly score of clinical skin severity than clobetasol cream. These results suggest that the SPZZC may be an alternative substance for the management of AD.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.97-109
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• 2007

This study is to examine the relation between self-consciousness and appearance management behavior; to grasp the appearance management behavior depending on self-consciousness which older women feel personally; to understand their needs more deeply; and to give support in planning and conducting marketing strategies effectively in the beauty and fashion market. The subjects of this study were aged women ranging 55 to 69 in age, living in Daegu and Geongsangbukdo. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 397 questionnaires out of 440 returned were used in the data analysis. The results through statistic analyses are following: 1. Among older women, the higher social self-consciousness group appeared to pursue six types of appearance management behavior(i.e., weight body-shape care, skin care, cosmetic behavior, hair care, cosmetic surgery, and clothing behavior) much more than the lower social self-consciousness group. 2. Compared with the lower private self-consciousness group, the higher private self-consciousness group appeared to care for not only weight body-shape care but also skin care, cosmetic care, and cosmetic surgery, clothing behavior with more interest in ordinary times. In terms of hair care, though, there was no significant difference between the higher private self-consciousness group and the lower private self-consciousness group. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between the higher social anxiety group and the lower social anxiety group in weight body-shape care, skin care, cosmetic behavior, hair care, cosmetic surgery, and clothing behavior.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.485-492
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• 2006

The AA5182/polypropylene/AA5182(AA/PP/AA) sandwich sheets have been developed for application to automotive body panels in future lightweight vehicles with significant weight reduction. It has been reported that the AA5182 aluminum sheet shows $L\"{u}ders$ band because of dissolved Mg atoms that cause fabrication process problem, especially surface roughness. The examination of serration behavior has been made after the tensile deformation of the AA/PP/AA sandwich sheets as well as that of the AA5182 aluminum skins at room and elevated temperatures. All sandwich sheets and the AA5182 aluminum skin showed serration behavior on their flow curves. However, the magnitude of serration was significantly diminished in the sandwich sheet with high volume fraction of the polypropylene core. According to the results of the analysis of the surface roughness following the tensile test, $L\"{u}ders$ band depth of the sandwich sheet evidently showed lower than that of the AA5182 aluminum skin. The strain rate sensitivity, m-value, of the AA5182 aluminum skin was -0.006. By attaching these skins to the polypropylene core, which has relatively large positive value of 0.050, m-value of the sandwich sheets changed to the positive value. The serration mechanism of the sandwich sheets was quantitatively investigated in the point of the effect on polypropylene thickness variation, that on the strain rate sensitivity and that on the localized stress state.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.145-157
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to identify Chinese university women's appearance management characteristics and clothing purchasing behavior. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Research period was 15th - 30th March. Frequencies, percent, factor analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, chi-square test were done. The results of study were: 1. The factors of appearance management characteristics were food management, skin care, weight control & tooth correction, nail & hair care, and use of identity kits. The factors of clothing selection criteria were outlook & appropriateness, management & service, fashion & brand, and individuality & price, and factors of information resources were marketer oriented & neutral and consumer oriented & store. 2. Chinese university women were segmented into positive appearance management group, food & skin management group, nail care & identity kits using group, and appearance management stagnated group. Positive appearance management group selected their clothing to pursuit individuality & relaxation, fashion, and conformity, considered fashion or brands more, used various information sources. Food & skin management group purchased their clothing for conformity. Nail care & identity kits using group considered management & service of clothing more, utilized consumer oriented & store information more. 3. Positive appearance management group were younger, and spent more pocket money and for their appearances. Food & skin management group were older, but nail care & identity kits using group were older. Appearance stagnated group spent less pocket money and appearance management.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-30
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• 1998

A study on skin care was conducted in order to develop proper skin care program and disseminate the Information to the consumers. The study was performed from October 2, 1997 though April 30 1997 by using questionnaires. The subjects were 1,793 from lug cities of Seoul, Pusan and, and 800 from medium and small cities of Kyongsan, Kimchon, Mokpo and KimHae cities. All subjects were females over 20 years. 1. 64.3% of the subjects said that they chose the massage packs after considering their skin condition. 55.1% of the subjects said that they did not know the side effects of the massage packs. 2. 53.3% of the subjects reported that they knew the cause of acne. and 73.3% of the respondents reported that they knew the nature of their body classified by oriental medicine. 3. The average knowledge and attitude was 10.61 :t3.46%( who it is converted to percent, it is 53.1%). The upper limit was 18.9% and lower limit was 19.0%. 4. The factors which are under the influence on knowledge of skin care were the times of massage, education level, the height of subjects, disease of skin, age, the degree of fatty body, the hour of make-up(R2=0.137). 5. The factors which are under the influence on the times of massage were education level, the experience of skin side effect, the status of physic8I health and the birth place of the subjects(R2=0.139). 6. The main factors which had significant effect on the status of face skin health were the status of physical health, economic status, age, the side effect of skin cosmetic, and the hour of make-up(R2=0.140). 7. Finally, it is recommended that training package on side effect of cosmetics, massage, physical characteristics and proper way of make-ups, and the public should be educated on the above mentioned areas.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.405-418
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• 2020

The application of double-skin composite wall should meet different layout plans. However, most available research focused on the rectangular section with uniform axial compression. In this research, the structural behavior of double-skin composite wall with L section was studied. Due to the unsymmetric geometric characteristics, the considered loading condition combined the axial compression and biaxial bending. Five specimens were designed and tested under eccentric compression. The variables in the test included the width of the web wall, the truss spacing, the thickness of the steel faceplate, and the thickness of the web wall. The test results were discussed in terms of the load-displacement responses, buckling behavior, stiffness, ductility, strength utilization, strain distribution. Two modern codes were employed to predict the interaction between the axial compression and the biaxial bending. The method to calculate the available bending moment along the two directions was proposed. It was found that CECS 159:2004 offers more suitable results than AISC 360.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.150-160
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• 2010

This research was intended to furnish basic data which can be helpful to maintain and improve the skin health and to activate aromatherapy by analyzing the knowledge, attitude and behavior on the aromatherapy skin care of college students. As their grade got higher, students of beauty class showed the level of knowledge on aromatherapy higher than those of non-beauty class, and that of girl students was higher than that of boy students and as the living standard of students got higher, and pocket money of a month of them got more, the level of knowledge on aromatherapy of them was high, and as the interest in appearance and satisfaction on appearance of them got higher, the level of knowledge on aromatherapy of them was high. In common characteristics, as the living standard of them got higher, and pocket money of a month of them got more, the level of attitude on aromatherapy of them was high. As the interest in appearance of them got higher, the level of attitude on aromatherapy on the interest in appearance of them was high. In the characteristics related with the skin, as the skin health condition of students got healthier, the level of attitude on aromatherapy of them was high, and it was high in the students who had much agony on the skin color.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.81-93
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• 1999

This paper investigated the negative skin friction acting on the model piles driven in the cylindrical chamber filled with remolded marine clay. In model tests, three load cells were installed on the model piles consisting of three parts to measure the negative skin friction forces independently. Pore pressures and ground movements were monitored throughout the period of investigation. Finite element analysis was used to simulate the behavior of a model pile. This paper describes the comparison of the behavior of negative skin friction on the single model pile with a numerical analysis by CRISP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.192-203
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• 2004

The AA5182/polypropylene/AA5182 (AA/PP/AA) sandwich sheets have been developed for the application for automotive body panels in the future light weight vehicles with significant weight reduction. It has been reported that the 5182 aluminum sheet shows Luders band because of dissolved Mg atoms that causes fabrication process problem, especially surface roughness. The examination of serration behavior has been made after the tensile deformation of the AA/PP/AA sandwich sheets as well as that of the 5182 aluminum skin at room and elevated temperatures. All sandwich sheets and the 5182 aluminum skin showed serration phenomena on their flow curves. However, the magnitude of the serration was significantly diminished in the sandwich sheet with the high volume fraction of the polypropylene core. According to the results of the surface roughness analysis after the tensile test, the sandwich sheet evidently showed lower Luders band depth than the 5182 aluminum skin. Strain rate sensitivity, m-value, of the 5182 aluminum skin was -0.006. By attaching this skin with polypropylene core which has relatively large positive value, 0.050, m-value of the sandwich sheets was changed to the positive value. The serration reduction of the sandwich sheets was quantitatively investigated in the point of the effect on the polypropylene core thickness variation, that on the strain rate sensitivity. It was found that the serration reduction degree from the experimental results of the sandwich sheet was higher than that from the calculated values by the rule of mixture based on volume fraction of the skins and the core.