• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2007.06a
• /
• pp.276-279
• /
• 2007

This study aims to present the application of pv system for apartment buildings. Regarding to the domestic housing politics to improve residing environment and effective use of country land, apartment buildings have been constructed since early of 1790's. Now apartment is taking over 50% out of entire housing in Korea. PV System of apartment buildings has been developed periodically and recently gable roof or canopy is popular which pv installation is more favorable. For balcony part with double skin facade sassy window, it has a preferable condition to install on the wall depending on the window direction. In case of superhigh floor apartment buildings where facade is mostly double skin facade of curtain wall system, pv module can replace the traditional curtain wall and will reduce architectural materials and obtain various out look design thereof. So, the purpose of this research is a basic study for clean energy source and present to applicability of pv systems for apartment buildings in preliminary design step.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
• /
• v.55 no.8
• /
• pp.334-340
• /
• 2006

Copper is widely used in electric wire, cable, conductor in electric devices. As the demand for electric power is increasing rapidly, electric power devices are getting amazingly bigger and complicated. The using of light-weight conductor can reduce the size and making cost of the electric devices. In high-frequency application, Electric current in a conductor tends to shift to the surface of the conductor, resulting in an uneven current distribution in the inner conductor. In the extreme case the current may essentially concentrate in the 'skin' of the inner conductor as a surface current. In high frequency application, therefore, inner area of copper conductor may replace with aluminum conductor, which reduces the weight of conductor. This paper describes the manufacture and evaluation of composite conductors made of copper and aluminum. The optimum extruding ratio was 16 at $300^{\circ}C$. The electrical resistance of manufactured composite bus bar was $57{\mu}{\Omega}$ at DC and $49.5{\mu}\{Omega}$ at 300Hz.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.15 no.2 s.55
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of Kinetic Architecture focused on case studies, categorize them and to research the possible applications of Kinetic Architecture. The results are as follow: first, the background of Kinetic Architecture is from the art, machine, nature and ancient architectures. Second, characteristics of Kinetic Architecture are deployability, modularity, lightweight, simplexity and interchangeability of parts. Third, the types of Kinetic Architecture are dynamically self-erecting structures, kinetic components, incremental architecture, mobile and disposable architecture. Finally, today the application cases of Kinetic Architecture are divided into the spital and skin part. The spital part is a temporary space, the multi-purpose spaces, housing, commercial spaces, and the educational spaces. The skin part offers functional(controling environments), artistic images through variation of materials and structural objects in the elevation.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
• /
• v.37 no.6
• /
• pp.365-368
• /
• 2007

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the enhancement effect of low-frequency ultrasound on skin permeation. In vitro permeation experiments were performed using Franz modified diffusion cells with ketoprofen as model drug. The effect of various ultrasound factors-ultrasound application mode (continuous mode and discontinuous mode), ultrasound intensity (0.26 $W/cm^2$, and 0.29 $W/cm^2$) and duty cycle (3%, 16%, 50%, and 83%) were studied. The highest permeation was observed at 0.29 $W/cm^2$ intensity, 50% duty cycle, and discontinuous mode. The result suggested the feasibility of low frequency ultrasound application for the phonophoretic transdermal drug delivery system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.463-469
• /
• 2012

Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the skin with increased transepidermal water loss. Both an abnormal inflammatory response and a defective skin barrier are known to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. Protease activated receptor 2 (PAR2) belongs to a family of G-protein coupled receptors and is activated by both trypsin and a specific agonist peptide, SLIGKV-$NH_2$. PAR2 is expressed in suprabasal layers of the epidermis and regulates inflammatory responses and barrier homeostasis. In this study, we show that nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) inhibits the PAR2-mediated signal pathway and plays a role in skin barrier recovery in atopic dermatitis. Specifically, NDGA reduces the mobilization of intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ in HaCaT keratinocytes by down-regulating inflammatory mediators, such as interleukin-8, thymus and activation-regulated chemokine and intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 in HaCaT keratinocytes. Also, NDGA decreases the protein expression of involucrin, a differentiation maker of keratinocyte, in both HaCaT keratinocytes and normal human epidermal keratinocytes. We examined NDGA-recovered skin barrier in atopic dermatitis by using an oxazolone-induced atopic dermatitis model in hairless mice. Topical application of NDGA produced an increase in transepidermal water loss recovery and a decrease in serum IgE level, without weight loss. Accordingly, we suggest that NDGA acts as a PAR2 antagonist and may be a possible therapeutic agent for atopic dermatitis.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.1-13
• /
• 2016

Objectives : We conducted a survey aimed at developing a personal health record application for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in Korean medicine .Methods : We conducted a survey on Korean medicine doctors who attended the Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology conference 2016. The questionnaire was based on priority of usage of the diagnostic indices and tools, and intention to use the personal health record application for treatment of atopic dermatitis in the clinic.Results : Data were collected from 50 Korean medicine doctors. Ninety-six per cent of respondents replied that they were willing to use the personal health record application for treating atopic dermatitis. Among the diagnostic indices related to atopic dermatitis, Korean medicine doctors regarded the following as important in the order of priority, i.e., condition of skin, lifestyle, risk factors, symptoms other than those of skin, past history, family history and medical history, results of tongue, pulse, and abdomen investigation, and constitution. These results did not vary with the purpose of diagnosis, and the results were consistent with those obtained with the intention to use diagnostic. Over 50% of respondents replied that they use immunoglobulin E, scoring atopic dermatitis, and visual analogue scale among the diagnostic tools.Conclusions : Our survey was conducted on clinicians who are the intended users of the personal health record application for the treatment of atopic dermatitis; hence, the results of this study can be helpful for developing a useful personal health record application for atopic dermatitis in the clinic.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.413-420
• /
• 2016

Hydroxy acid has been used to enhance anti-aging and skin moisturization by peeling effect on the skin stratum corneum, and thus it has been widely used in topical products and cosmetic products. Among them, the effect that appears most effectively in a short period of time has been reported to be effected by the pH of the cosmetic formulations. However, there are many difficulties in use due to irritation caused by pH and concerns about side effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of applying cosmetics with (1) varying concentrations, (2) types and (3) pH of hydroxy acid on human skin. 22 healthy adults were stained with DHA (dihydroxyacetone) and DC (dansyl chloride) on the forearm, and the skin exfoliation effect was measured after application of the test products. (1) The application of GA (glycolic acid) increased the desquamation by concentration dependent. (2) the test product prepared with neutral pH showed no exfoliation effect. In contrast, SA (salicylic acid) showed a statistically significant exfoliation effect at both acidic pH and neutral pH. (3) The neutral pH SA showed excellent exfoliation effect on bot DHA and DC stained stratum corneum. These results suggest that it is possible to manufacture safe cosmetics without damaging the skin barrier, providing an opportunity to use cosmetics that are expected to exfoliate to people, whose skin is sensitive to pH.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.12 no.4
• /
• pp.375-381
• /
• 2008

A new disease causing skin sooty dapple symptoms on fruits, leaves, and young shoot of Asian pear occurred in Korea. However, no chemical control approaches has been developed to control this disease. To investigate ecological aspects of this disease, we conducted field surveys in the high or low disease occurred orchards. The years with heavy rainfall caused severe occurrence of the skin sooty dapple disease than the years with lower rainfall during all growth stages of pear fruit. Different fruit-wrapping bags did not prevent occurrence of skin sooty dapple disease, and lesion numbers were higher in lower parts of fruit equatorial line inside of fruit-wrapping bags. There is a direct correlation between occurrence of the skin sooty dapple disease and frequency of fungicide application in the orchards. Among the tested commercial fungicides, thiophanate-methyl WP and penconazole WP completely inhibited the growth of the Cladosporium sp. in in vitro studies but little protection was observed in the field following fungicide applications. However, application of lime sulfur combined with the use of fruit-wrapping bags most effectively reduced incidence of the disease in the field. Our results suggest that skin sooty dapple disease could be a serious problem in sustainable organic pear farms and effective control methods for this disease urgently required.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.453-461
• /
• 2007

Drynariae Rhizoma has been used for promotes mending of the sinews and bone, tonifies the kidney for such symptoms as weak low back and knees, and stimulates the growth of hair as a tinctute for alopecia in oriental medicine. This experiment examined the effect of an acetone extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas(GSB-1), its EtoAc fraction(GB-2) and n-buOH fraction(GSB-3), on hair growth activity of the C57BL/6L mice after topical application to skin. First, We examined on hair growth activity of extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas compare to control and 1 % minoxidil groups. Second, We investigated on the number of hair follicle and mast cells after topical application of extracts of the Drynariae Rhizomas to skin for 16 day. Third, We investigated immunoreactive density of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), protein kinase C-${\alpha}$(PKC-${\alpha}$) and stem(mast) cell factor(SCF) in skin of C57BL/6N mice by immunohistochemical methods. The results were as follows : Hair growth effect of acetone extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas, its EtoAc fraction and n-BuOH fraction was observed in 98 %, 96 % and 60 % in hair removed skin area in 16 day respectively, Immunoreactive density of VEGF in skin of GSB-1 group was weakly stained compare to control group in 10 day, But GSB-2 and GSB-3 groups were mildy stained in bulge and root sheath of skin. Immunolocalization of SCF antigens was observed weakly stained density in epidermis, bulge, stem cells and dermal papilla of control gruop. but in experimental group, immunoreactivity of SCF antigens was observed mildly stained density in bulge, epidermis and root sheath of GSB-1 gruop, heavily stained density in epidermis, bulge and root sheath of GSB-2 and GSB-3 groups to the hair removal skin of C57BL/6N mice on day 10. These experiment suggest that acetone extracts of Drynariae Rhizomas and its EtoAc fraction may be used for topical treatment of alopecia areata.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.379-385
• /
• 2013

In this study, partial drilled shafts (Bottom Cast-in-place Concrete pile) were applied to the pilot test site to ensure the bearing capacity; we used the skin friction force in the IGM to analyze the feasibility of the application of IGM theory. The soil characteristics were analyzed in cohesive, non-smear, and smooth conditions for the application of the IGM theory via geotechnical investigation and measurement of the disturbance and surface roughness. Static load and load transfer tests were conducted to calculate the allowable bearing capacity and the skin friction force by depth. The skin friction force increased with increase in the depth and standard settlement, showing a very high correlation. In addition, because the unconfined strength ($q_u$), which is the most important parameter in the cohesive IGM, cannot be measured in a weathered granite area, the static load and load transfer test results and the N value were used to obtain $q_u$.