• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.819-825
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• 2020

모든 생명체는 연령이 증가함에 따라 생체 내에서 노화된 세포수가 축적되면서 피부주름 형성, 근육퇴화, 백내장 및 모발의 백발화 과정 같은 노화의 특성을 나타낸다. 이러한 노화의 핵심적인 원인으로 알려진 세포노화는 세포가 외부 및 내부요인에 의하여 늙어서 결국 세포의 증식이 정지됨으로 생물체의 노화와 직접적으로 밀접하게 연관되어 있다. 이러한 현상에 대한 보다 심층적인 연구로부터 세포노화의 원인이 텔로미어가 세포 분열에 따라 점차적으로 짧아짐으로, 텔로미어의 길이에 의해서 결정된다는 것이다. 최근에는 유전자 발현에 영향을 줄 수 있는 히스톤 디아세틸레이즈 유전자가 효모에서 뿐만 아니라 예쁜 꼬마 선충 및 사람의 항노와 기전에 깊숙히 관여하고 있다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 한편, 최근에는 늙은 세포가 노화 현상에 결정적인 역할을 한다는 것이 발견하여 이러한 노화세포를 채내로부터 제거함으로써 젊은 세포의 증식을 촉진하여 노화를 지연 할 수 있다는 것이 보고되었다. 그러므로 향후 잠재적인 항노화제를 개발하기 위해서는 텔로머레이즈 활성화제, 서르튜언 활성화제, 세노릭틱스에 대한 심층연구로부터 시작되어야 한다고 판단되어, 최근에 각광 받고 있는 위와 관련된 항노화 후보물질에 대한 최근 연구에 대하여 기술한다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

Objectives : During the past three decades there has been a significant evolution of laser acupuncture application in the nature of the clinical approach and the research of traditional medicine and laser therapy field. However, there have been no standard and guideline of laser equipment can be applied as laser acupuncture. This study aims to investigate the condition of laser equipment required as a laser acupuncture method. Methods : First, we performed literature search using the Medline(from 1999 to Oct 2008) to confirm types and ranges of laser equipments that can be applied as laser acupuncture. In addition, we investigated the characters of acupoints such as sites and depths, and compared with penetrating depths of each laser. Results : A total of 37 articles for clinical studies using laser acupuncture were selected, and 41 lasers were used. GaAs laser was used three times, GaAlAs laser 14, InGaAlP 18, HeNe laser 4, and Argon laser and CO2 laser were used one time, respectively. From all 361 points of fourteen meridians, depths of 341 points(94.5%) were 1 cun(2.3-3.2cm) or less. The mean depth of all points was 0.48 cun(1.1-1.5cm). Hence, it appeared that the majority of therapeutic lasers satisfied with the condition. HeNe, InGaAlP, GaAlAs, GaAs lasers are recommended for laser acupuncture, however, it may plausible that other surgical lasers could be used as the laser acupuncture, because it have the biostimulation effect to some extent, too. Conclusions : It is suggested that to select appropriate laser type and give the adequate output power to reach the acupoints under the skin using laser acupuncture. Further evaluation and research for the condition of laser acupuncture are warranted.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.164-175
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• 2009

전산 유체 역학 코드를 사용하여 안테나 내장형 유도 결합 플라즈마 시스템의 가스 유동 특성, 전력 흡수, 전자 온도, 전자 밀도, 화학종의 분포에 대해서 살펴보았다. 복잡한 현실적 3차원 시스템에 대한 안정한 수치해의 도출을 위해서 최적화된 격자생성 전략을 구사하였으며, 이를 이용하여 플라즈마 질화 시스템을 한 예로 전력 흡수, 가스 유동, 전자 온도, 전자 밀도, 화학종의 분포를 분석하였다. 금속 노출형 안테나의 경우 전력 도입부 쪽에 전력 흡수의 불균형이 모델에서 예측되었으며 유전체피복 안테나의 한 예에서 전력 흡수 표피 깊이가 실제 보고된 값인 53 mm와 잘 일치하는 50 mm로 예측되었다. 또한 수소연료 전지 분리판을 위한 고속 질화 공정용 시스템의 모델링에서도 산업용 대량 처리 시스템에 적절한 다중 분리판의 장입 간격을 가스 유동, 활발한 질화종인 질소 원자와 질소 분자 이온의 농도를 근거로 예측하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.64-68
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• 1997

Background : Patients mover more as their post operative pain decrease. With the increase in movement there will be a tendency for the epidural catheter to migrate out of its original position. We studied 2 methods of fixation of the epidural catheter and the changes in position as related to patient movement. Methods : Patients were divided into two groups. Patients in Group A had their epidural catheter formed with a circular loop at the (skin) exit site then directed over the right shoulder. Group B had the epidural catheter flxed with Fixomull on the exit site without forming a circular loop. At the end of the operation, 3 mg of epidural morphine was injected via indwelling epidural catheter for postoperative pain control. Epidural catheter depth was measured 24 hours later. Results : The overall rate of migration of epidural catheter was 61.9%. In Group A, number of patients whose catheter migrated over 0.5 cm was 23(69.9%) with 14 inward migration and 9 outward migration. Group B had 16(53%) patients catheters migrate over 0.5 cm, with 2 patients having inward migration and 14 outward migration. Conclusions : Although the rates of migration of epidural catheter were similar for both groups, the number of inner migration of catheter, which could result serious complications, was significantly lower in Group B than Group A. Based on our results we recommend the epidural catheter be fixed without a circular loop.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.903-906
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• 2011

Purpose: Accessory tragus is a fairly common congenital malformation and usually located at pretragal area. Surgical removal is a common treatment of accessory tragus irrespective of location and morphology. Most accessory tragi do not have depression site around them, but some do. So in those cases, simple surgical excision was not enough to promote the aesthetic facial appearance. For depression site remodeling, the excess amount of skin and cartilage need to be remained partially instead of total excision. This method can achieve the symmetric contour of pretragal area. The authors excised the epidermis and cartilaginous tissue totally and remained the dermis for reconstruction of the depression site around accessory tragus. The depression site is filled with dermal turnover flap. The purpose of this report is to present new idea to promote cosmetic result in treatment of accessory tragus containing the depression site. Methods: Two patients had a pair of accessory tragi at pretragal area. One was a common featured accessory tragus, but the other was different. Depression site was found around accessory tragus. After epidermis and cartilaginous tissue were removed from it, dermis component was used as turnover flap for reconstruction of depression site. Results: After accessory tragus was removed and depression site was reconstructed, facial contour and cosmetic result was achieved. Complication such as flap necrosis and wound dehiscence was not observed. Conclusion: The accessory tragus has variant morphology and degree of invasive depth. And some has a depression site around them. In those cases, simple surgical removal results in morphological distorsion and do not promote facial symmetry. The authors suggest dermal turnover flap as reconstruction method of the depression site. This method improves both surgical outcome and cosmetic result.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2018

This study examined the properties of photons and the dose distribution in a human body via a simulation where the total body irradiation(TBI) is performed on a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom and a child size water phantom. Based on this, we tried to find the optimal photon beam energy and material for beam spoiler. In this study, MCNPX (Ver. 2.5.0), a simulation program based on the Monte Carlo method, was used for the photon beam analysis and TBI simulation. Several different beam spoiler materials (plexiglass, copper, lead, aluminium) were used, and three different electron beam energies were used in the simulated accelerator to produce photon beams (6, 10, and 15 MeV). Moreover, both a water phantom for calculating the depth-dependent dosage and a pediatric anthropomorphic phantom for calculating the organ dosage were used. The homogeneity of photon beam was examined in different depths for the water phantom, which shows the 20%-40% difference for each material. Next, the org an doses on pediatric anthropomorphic phantom were examined, and the results showed that the average dose for each part of the body was skin 17.7 Gy, sexual gland 15.2 Gy, digestion 13.8 Gy, liver 11.8 Gy, kidney 9.2 Gy, lungs 6.2 Gy, and brain 4.6 Gy. Moreover, as for the organ doses according to materials, the highest dose was observed in lead while the lowest was observed in plexiglass. Plexiglass in current use is considered the most suitable material, and a 6 or 10 MV photon energy plan tailored to the patient condition is considered more suitable than a higher energy plan.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.128-142
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• 2018

This study explores newborn clothing with regard to clothing type, construction, textiles, design, size, and label placement. Related consumer complaints are also analyzed. Analysis of 50 newborn clothing items revealed six types of newborn clothing: baenaet jeogori, baenaet gown, bodysuit, one-piece, shirt and pants set, and pants. The baenaet jeogori was the most common type, and the most commonly used fasteners were ties and snaps. The following characteristics were commonly observed: front opening, long raglan sleeves, mitten cuffs, cotton fabric, white/ivory color, animal print, contrast hem, $appliqu{\acute{e}}$, and size 60. In-depth interviews of 12 mothers with children under 24 months revealed that the baenaet jeogori was the most unsatisfactory type; the shirt and pants set and bodysuit were preferred. Interviewees were dissatisfied with types of openings, expressing a preference for snaps and complaining about ties, too many snaps, metal snaps, and shoulder openings. Overly wide or narrow sleeves resulted in improper fit, and long sleeves made it difficult to dress the baby. Interviewees required diverse sleeve length options. They were dissatisfied with heavy fabric for hot and warm seasons, and with labels attached inside clothing or outside near the neckline. Mothers with particularly small or big babies complained about limited sizes. To improve current newborn clothing, additional items such as shirt and pants sets or individual pants, front opening clothing with few snaps, proper sleeve fit with diverse length options, lightweight fabric for hot and warm seasons, label placement that avoids skin irritation, and size segmentation are recommended.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Objectives : This study aims to investigate the current situation of domestic patents in Korea on natural products and to provide directions for developing and applying herbal medicinal products by in-depth analyses. Methods : Combinations of words, such as "A61K" or "A61P", "herb" or "Korean medicinal herb" or "Korean medicine" or "traditional" or "natural" or "$botanic^*$" or "China", and "medicine" or "treatment" or "prevention" or "improvement", were used to search patents in the World Intellectual Property Service (WIPS) database. Three methods were applied to analyze natural products patents. First, the number of patent registrations was sorted by year. Second, the assignees were analyzed by count and country of origin. Finally, cluster map analysis was conducted to explore frequently emerging words in natural products and the relationship amongst those words to treat corresponding diseases/technologies. Results : Results showed that, first, the total number of patents had been increasing. Among the patents, 76.4% were registered by domestic institutes/companies, and 23.6% by foreign institutes/companies. Second, USA, Japan, and China possess a considerable number of Korean patents and, therefore, domestic institutes/companies can seek joint technological development opportunities with their counterparts from those countries in the future. Finally, a total of four clusters were identified by cluster map analysis. Each of the clusters includes natural products related to diseases involving skin, aging, and blood sugar, as well as adult diseases. Conclusions : In this study, natural products patents registered in the Korean Intellectual Property Office were analyzed. The analyses results showed the kinds of natural products that had been employed for the treatment of certain diseases. However, natural products included in existing patents were minimal given that 4,174 species of indigenous plants are found in Korea. Thus, Korean institutes/companies should utilize unexplored plants to develop more value-added drugs.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.78-85
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• 2006

A survey on the fishing gear for octopus drift-line fishing was done in Gangwon-do, Sacheon, Gyeongnam and Hokkaido, Japan, while a survey on the environments of fishing grounds used data from January to August from the Korea east coast farming forecast system of Donghae Fisheries Research and Development Institute. The present situation of fishing was examined with boats engaging in drift-line fishing from March to August in the coastal waters along Gangneung. The fishing tackle for octopus drift-line fishing was made manually, and the size, shape, and weight of the hook and number of shooting used vary according to the fishing time and region. Lead is used as the material for sinkers. As bait, pork fat with skin is mostly used in Gangwon-do. The temperature of the bottom water layer in the coastal fishing ground of Gangneung from April to June ranges from $3.2-12.4^{\circ}C$, which is the optimal temperature for octopuses. During July and August, the temperature ranges from $5.0-20.6^{\circ}C$. The maximum difference between day and night temperatures reached up to $9.2^{\circ}C$. Salinity is generally stable at $33.2-35.324.6%_{\circ}$, which does not affect the inhabitation of octopuses. The octopus catch reached its peak from May to July, while most octopuses weighed less than 1 kg (76.7%). The results show that it is effective to carry out octopus drift-line fishing up to a depth of 40 meters; and that the maximum number of octopuses per line is obtained with an operation time of six hours.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2005

For transdermal delivery of large molecular drugs such as vaccine and protein drugs, novel microneedle treatment device with roll was designed. The roll dimension is 1.43 cm diameter and 2.8 cm perimeter. Total number of microneedle on the roll is 3,360 with $230\;{\mu}m$ height and $740\;{\mu}m$ distance. The pore with $150\;{\mu}m$ depth and $35\;{\mu}m$ diameter on the skin was made by the designed microneedle device. This system could be achieved without pain. The permeation rates of FITC labelled ovalbumin (FITC-OVA, molecular weight: 45,000 g/mol) as a model protein were determined by modified Franz diffusion cells using skins of hairless mice or SD rats which were treated by using microneedle device two or four times. The average penetration fluxes of model protein increased from 674 to $872\;{\mu}g/cm^{2}{\cdot}hr$ as the number of treatment to make pore increased from two to four times. In conclusion, we confirmed the possibility of using the designed microneedle treatment device for transdermal delivery of the large molecular drugs.