• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2019

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) has a intrinsic function of inducing growth and proliferation of cells through interacting with cell membrane receptors in human epidermis and dermis layer. These functions of EGF are used as a main ingredient for wound healing medicines and anti-aging cosmetics. As a cosmetic ingredient, the EGF has a problem in exhibiting its natural efficacy due to the lack of the ability to penetrate through the stratum corneum, which is known as the skin barrier. In this study, a recombinant human epidermal growth factor ($MTD_{151}-EGF$) fused with the macromolecule transduction domain $(MTD)_{151}$ with the skin penetration ability was developed to improve the skin penetration efficiency of the EGF. Expression of $MTD_{151}-EGF$ was performed in E. coli transformed with a vector encoding the $MTD_{151}-EGF$ gene and then purified. The purified $MTD_{151}-EGF$ was evaluated using cell proliferation assay, cytotoxicity test and skin penetration test by franz diffusion cell assay and artificial skin. Cell proliferation activity of $MTD_{151}-EGF$ purified to high purity of 99% or above was equivalent to the EGF or better, and cytotoxicity was not observed. In addition, the $MTD_{151}-EGF$ showed an excellent penetration efficiency compared to the EGF in the skin penetration test with EGF and $MTD_{151}-EGF$ labeled by FITC in an artificial skin penetration model. Based on the quantitative analysis of the penetrating substance using franz diffusion cell assay, the amount of penetration was about 16 times more than that of EGF. These results can be regarded as an effective alternative to improve the existing physical transdermal penetration method related to the use of various active ingredients for cosmetics.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate about comparison of Eastern-Western medicine on the acne. Methods : We searched Eastern and Western medicine books for acne. We analyzed these books and examined category, definition, etiology, classification, internal and external methods of treatment of acne. Results : The results were as follows. 1. In Eastern medicine, Acne belongs to the category of the Bunja(粉刺), Jwachang(痤瘡), Pyepungbunja(肺風粉刺). In Western medicine, the other name of Acne is acne vulgaris. 2. In Eastern medicine, the definition of Acne includes manual extraction of comedones and skin appearance. In Western medicine, Acne is a common skin disease during adolescence and a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit of self localization. It is characterized by noninflammatory, open or closed comedones and by inflammatory papules, pustules, and nodules and it affects the areas of skin with the densest population of sebaceous follicles, these areas include the face, neck, back, and the upper part of the chest. 3. In Eastern medicine, the cause and mechanism of Acne arose from the state of internal dampness-heat and spleen-stomach internal qi deficiency due to dietary irregularities and then invaded external pathogen such as wind-dampness-heat-cold-fire in lung meridian lead to qi and blood heat depression stagnation. So it appears in skin. In Western medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Acne is clearly not identified, but there are most significant pathogenic factors of blood heat depression stagnation. So it appears in skin. In Western medicine, the etiology and pathogenesis of Acne is clearly not identified, but there are most significant pathogenic factors of Acne; Androgen-stimulated production of sebum, hyperkeratinization and obstruction of sebaceous follicles, proliferation of Propionibacterium acnes and inflammation, abnormaility of skin barrier function, genetic aspects, environmental factors etc. 4. In Eastern medicine, differentiation of syndromes classifies clinical aspects, and cause and mechanism of disease; the former is papular, pustular, cystic, nodular, atrophic, comprehensive type; the latter is lung blood heat, intestine-stomach dampness-heat, phlegm-stasis depression, thoroughfare-conception disharmony, heat toxin type. In Western medicine, it divides into an etiology and invasion period, and clinical aspects; Acne neonatorum, Acne infantum, Acne in puberty and adulthood, Acne venenata; Acne vulgaris, Acne conglobata, Acne fulminans, Acne keloidalis. 5. In Eastern medicine, Internal methods of treatment of Acne are divided into five treatments; general treatments, the treatments of single-medicine and experiential description, the treatments depending on the cause and mechanism of disease, and clinical differentiation of syndromes, dietary treatments. In Western medicine, it is a basic principles that regulation on production of sebum, correction on hyperkeratinization of sebaceous follicles, decrease of Propionibacterium acnes colony and control of inflammation reaction. Internal methods of treatment of Acne are antibiotics, retinoids, hormone preparations etc. 6. In Eastern medicine, external methods of treatment of Acne are wet compress method, paste preparation method, powder preparation method, pill preparation method, acupuncture and moxibustion therapy, ear acupuncture therapy, prevention and notice, and so on. In Western medicine, external method of treatments of Acne are divided into topical therapy and other surgical therapies. Topical therapy is used such as antibiotics, sebum regulators, topical vitamin A medicines etc and other surgical therapies are used such as surgical treatments, intralesional injection of corticosteroids, skin dermabrasion, phototherapy, photodynamic therapy, and so on. Conclusions : Until now, there is no perfect, effective single treatment. We think that Eastern medicine approach and treatment can be helpful to overcome the limitations of acne cure.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.586-589
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• 2016

A pressure sore wound is often extensive or complicated by local infection involving adjacent soft tissue and bone. In this case, a regional flap after simple debridement is not adequate. Here, we present a case of an extensive pressure sore in the sacral area with deep tissue infection. A 43-year-old female patient with a complicated sore with deep tissue infection had a presacral abscess, an iliopsoas abscess, and an epidural abscess in the lumbar spine. After a multidisciplinary approach performed in stages, the infection had subsided and removal of the devitalized tissue was possible. The large soft tissue defect with significant depth was reconstructed with a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, which was expected to act as a local barrier from vertical infection and provide tensionless skin coverage upon hip flexion. The extensive sacral sore was treated effectively without complication, and the deep tissue infection completely resolved. There was no evidence of donor site morbidity, and wheelchair ambulation was possible by a month after surgery.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2012

It is desirable that a wound healing membrane acts as a barrier for coverage of a damaged skin and has the biological activities such as anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we prepared the hydrogel film containing the propolis nanoparticles as a wound healing membrane. The propolis nanoparticles were prepared by incorporation of propolis into the hydrophobic core of ${\gamma}$-cyclodextrin. The incorporation efficiency of propolis in the nanoparticles was $50{\pm}2.3%$. Propolis nanoparticles observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were spherical with the size of 30~40 nm. The swelling behaviors of the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles showed a similar pattern with the hydrogel film without propolis nanoparticles. The cumulative amount of propolis released from the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles in the buffer of pH 7.4 and 5.5 was $86.0{\pm}2.0%$ and $64.6{\pm}1.0%$ of total propolis loaded in the hydrogel film within 9 h, respectively. These results provide a rationale for studying wound healing application of the hydrogel film containing propolis nanoparticles in a clinical setting.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2020

Arctii Lappa Fructus has the numerous health benefits, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic properties. Skin lipids are one of several factors that maintain epidermal barrier function. This study was to explore the lipogenic effect by ethanol extract of Arctii Lappa Fructus (EAF) in sebocytes. First, it was confirmed that EAF exhibited high antioxidant activity and collagenase activity inhibition. We found that cholesterol and triglyceride levels of cells by EAF were increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, EAF increased the expression of transcription factor sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1) in the cells. These results suggest that EAF induces lipogenesis in cells through the activation of SREBP-1.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.316-320
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• 2010

Pruritus is one of major symptoms in atopic dermatis. The pathophysiological mechanism of pruritus is unclear. The search for pruritogen is important in elucidating the pathophysiological mechanism of pruritus in atopic dermatitis. Glucosylsphingosine (Gsp) is upregulated in the strateum corneum of atopic dermatitis patients. We investigated to determine whether Gsp induces itch-scratch responses (ISRs) in mice. Intradermal administration of Gsp induces ISRs. Gsp dose-dependently induced scratching response at 50-500 nmol/site range. Pretreatment with naltrexone, an opioid $\mu$ receptor antagonist, and capsaicin, a TrpV1 receptor agonist, inhibited Gsp-induced ISRs. Additionally, Gsp-induced ISRs were also suppressed by cyproheptadine, an antagonist of serotonin receptor. These findings suggest that Gsp-induced scratching might be at least partly mediated by capsaicin-sensitive primary afferents, and the opioids receptor systems might be involved in transmission of itch signaling in the central nervous system. Furthermore, our findings suggest that Gsp-induced ISRs may be attributable to the serotonin-mediated pathways and Gsp is not any more one of byproducts of abnormal skin barrier but can lead to induce pruritus, one of typical symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.953-958
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• 2006

Perimeter zone has been reinforced by active systems, such as fan-coil units, because it causes an increase in heating and cooling loads, dew condensation in winter, or discomfort with cold-draft to residents in buildings, through poor insulation by light-weighed skin due to progressing multi-storied buildings and skyscrapers. However, because these active systems raise Its capacity so that fossil fuel is used as much as they are added, and ultimately, greenhouse effect is urged, we proposed BIPV system functioned as solar collector which can substitute active system. As an early stage, heat balance equation in steady-state by Fortran was used not only for pre-heating effect and electric power capacity during the day in winter, but also for electric power capacity during day in slimmer and sky radiation effect during night in summer. Especially, we should have considered shading on PV, since even a little bit of it makes the efficiency too low for the PV to work. Still, when the flux of pre-heated air was increased to make air-barrier, its temperature was not enough to make it because the speed of heat exchange was too fast to warm up the air, thus the capacity to meet the condition was evaluated, and electric power from PV was made used for it.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of diaper dermatitis (DD), knowledge of DD prevention and treatment, and diaper hygiene practices among mothers with diaper-wearing children. Methods: The participants were 176 mothers who presented to an outpatient clinic at a children's hospital with diaper-wearing children. Data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. Results: The percent of correct answer for knowledge about DD was 59.7%. Almost half of the participants' children had experienced at least 1 episode of DD during the last 6 months. Inappropriate diaper hygiene practices, such as using talcum powder on DD and rubbing with a dry towel after cleansing, were reported. Moreover, only 37% of mothers used the recommended skin barrier to prevent DD. Although many children suffer from DD, levels of educational experience and perceived need for education on this topic were low. Almost 70% of mothers obtained DD-related information through internet sites. Conclusion: Educating parents about the etiology of DD and evidence-based diaper hygiene practices is an important aspect of effective DD prevention and treatment. Internet sites or smartphone apps may be effective methods for education on DD prevention and treatment considering parents' preferences for ways to obtain health information.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

Phosphatidyiserine (PS) is a phospholipid which plays the structural role in membranes and serves as a cofactor of signaling enzymes for diverse cellular functions. In this study, we observed that topical treatment with PS significantly decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) induced by tape-stripping in hairless mice. Also, ceramides in epidermis were increased in PS-treated group compared to vehicle-treated one in vivo. the amounts of non-hydroxyl ceramide (NHCER) (1.4 fold) and glucosylceramide (glucosylCER) (1.6 fold), in the skin of hairless mice, were increased by topical treament with PS. Also, we demonstrated that PS stimulated keratinocyte differentiation. We observed that PS treatment morphologically altered normal human keratinocyte (NHK) from the proliferating phase to the differentiating one, suggesting that PS stimulated epidermal differentiation in NHK. We also showed that the expressions of the specific markers for epidermal differentiation, involucrin (INV) (3.5 fold up) and transglutaminase 1 (TG'ase 1) (3 fold up), were significantly increased by PS treatment, compared to untreated control in vitro. In addition, topical treatment with PS resulted in a progressive increase in INV and loricrin protein levels in vivo. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for the physiological activities of PS in skin, and we suggest that PS strengthen the epidermal permeability harrier by stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.17
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• 2023

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. Objective: This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. Methods: Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. Results: The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.