• Korean Business Review
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• v.11
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• pp.1-14
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• 1998

In this paper the negotiation skills, which have been so far known as non-scientific or artistic field, are analyzed on the basis of behavioral science view point. Negotiator's behavior and psychological situation are believed to influence the negotiation result significantly, therefore, those factors are reviewed with behavioral science framework. Some concepts developed in Cognitive Psychology to explain the decision making models - prominence, commitment, escalation of commitment, framing, adjustment and anchoring, endowment effect - are reconceptualized and applied to the negotiation skill analysis and negotiation skill development in this paper. As the results of this research, various negotiation skills which have been so far believed as irrational and artistic are now able to be explained on the basis of sound logic and reasoning. This means also that valuable and elegant negotiation skills should be further developed by behavioral scientists.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.2174-2177
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• 2003

Internet is exposed to network attacks as Internet has a security weakness. Network attacks which are virus, system intrusion, and deny of service, put Internet in the risk of hacking, so the damage of public organization and banking facilities are more increased. So, it is necessary that the security technologies about intrusion detection and controlling attacks minimize the damage of hacking. Router is the network device of managing traffic between Internets or Intranets. The damage of router attack causes the problem of the entire network. The security technology about router is necessary to defend Internet against network attacks. Router has the need of access control and security skills that prevent from illegal attacks. We developed integrated security management framework for secure networking and kernel-level security engine that filters the network packets, detects the network intrusion, and reports the network intrusion. The security engine on the router protects router or gateway from the network attacks and provides secure networking environments. It manages the network with security policy and handles the network attacks dynamically.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.386-400
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• 2003

This paper presents an analysis of the Developmental Approaches in Science, Health and Technology (DASH) program, a K-6 curriculum developed by the Curriculum Research & Development Group (CRDG) at the University of Hawaii employing the curriculum analysis framework created by Posner. Using this framework the analyst found that the DASH design is based on the research on learning, teaching, and assessment now driving efforts to reform science education at the elementary level. DASH embraces the constructivist idea that learning is a personal and social process and the recapitulation model that new concepts are built out of theories previously learned. DASH provides an understandable, exciting, and memorable experience in the operations of science, health, and technology, and develops their capacity to use the skills and knowledge of science, health, and technology both in and outside school. A number of studies of DASH have examined its functionality, effectiveness of pedagogy and what students learn. The innovative nature of DASH necessitated a multidimensional assessment that included both quantitative and qualitative research techniques. Ongoing development of the DASH program in the research setting of a university laboratory school permits ever deeper connections with emerging curriculum theory and curriculum practice, and allows new linkages as ideas are tested in research classrooms.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.365-383
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• 2014

Service-oriented computing offers efficient solutions for executing complex applications in an acceptable amount of time. These solutions provide important computing and storage resources, but they are too difficult for individual users to handle. In fact, Service-oriented architectures are usually sophisticated in terms of design, specifications, and deployment. On the other hand, workflow management systems provide frameworks that help users to manage cooperative and interdependent processes in a convivial manner. In this paper, we propose a workflow-based approach to fully take advantage of new service-oriented architectures that take the users' skills and the internal complexity of their applications into account. To get to this point, we defined a novel framework named JASMIN, which is responsible for managing service-oriented workflows on distributed systems. JASMIN has two main components: unified modeling language (UML) to specify workflow models and business process execution language (BPEL) to generate and compose Web services. In order to cover both workflow and service concepts, we describe in this paper a refinement of UML activity diagrams and present a set of rules for mapping UML activity diagrams into BPEL specifications.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest an instructional design to improve CT(Computational Thinking) skills in terms of problem solving. CT can be defined as a thought processes for computer-based problem solving. Examining the related CT concepts in the general problem solving process can be helpful for learners to understand CT. For this, this study selects the key elements of CT through literature review, describes how the elements are related to each phrase of the problem solving process, and explores cognitive aspects of the CT elements. In addition, this study describes learning activities and learning assessments of the CT elements according to each phrase of problem solving process and suggests a basic instructional design framework for CT in view of problem solving.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.67-81
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• 2012

Objectives: This article examines the diversity of healthy cities evaluation in practice and discusses the major conflicting issues in evaluating healthy cities to offer implications to academics and cities for application in their field. Methods: The author discusses issues on major topics that arose from a review of literature on selected articles from peer-reviewed journals, books and gray literature. The recently developed Korean Healthy Cities evaluation framework is used as a main source of reference. Results: Evaluating healthy cities is in itself a political process and requires multiple methodologies and diverse sources of data. Details of the evaluation process depend on the purposes and goals predetermined by the stakeholders. The Korean Healthy Cities evaluation framework applies these principles and suggests a participatory approach to evaluation, selection of indicators that provide evidence on the process of change and to use mixed evaluation methods. The involvement of stakeholders in the evaluation process can also be a useful tool to further strengthen partnerships and strategies for healthy cities. Conclusion: Cities need to engage more in evaluation activities and develop necessary skills and capacity to produce utility-driven evidence.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.155-169
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to review the quantitative research literature on measuring caring in order to identify overall trends in measuring caring. Methods: Fifty three papers were selected from four databases including RISS4U, DBpia, KISS, and Korea Med. Results: The number of measuring caring papers has increased since 2000. Approximately 60 % of the total papers were descriptive and correlative design researches with convenience sampling. Jean Waston's theory was the most popular conceptual framework, but much of the research tended to be conducted without any conceptual framework. In that kind of research, 'caring' terms were used without definition. The most frequently used term for the concept of caring was nurses' caring behaviors. Also, 'nurses' was one of the most popular subjects. Thirty six measuring caring instruments were used. Twenty were developed in foreign countries and translated into Korean. The others were developed originally in Korean. Interpersonal Caring Technique - Communication Skills Scale, based on the interpersonal process model, was the most frequently used tool. Among the translated instruments, Coates' Caring Efficacy Scale was the most popular. Some instruments were used without validation. Conclusion: These results provide basic data on measuring caring and indicate directions for further research. In particular, validation studies of measuring caring instruments are needed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.27-65
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• 2020

Many companies on information and communication technology make public their own developed AI technology, for example, Google's TensorFlow, Facebook's PyTorch, Microsoft's CNTK. By releasing deep learning open source software to the public, the relationship with the developer community and the artificial intelligence (AI) ecosystem can be strengthened, and users can perform experiment, implementation and improvement of it. Accordingly, the field of machine learning is growing rapidly, and developers are using and reproducing various learning algorithms in each field. Although various analysis of open source software has been made, there is a lack of studies to help develop or use deep learning open source software in the industry. This study thus attempts to derive a strategy for adopting the framework through case studies of a deep learning open source framework. Based on the technology-organization-environment (TOE) framework and literature review related to the adoption of open source software, we employed the case study framework that includes technological factors as perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived complexity, and perceived trialability, organizational factors as management support and knowledge & expertise, and environmental factors as availability of technology skills and services, and platform long term viability. We conducted a case study analysis of three companies' adoption cases (two cases of success and one case of failure) and revealed that seven out of eight TOE factors and several factors regarding company, team and resource are significant for the adoption of deep learning open source framework. By organizing the case study analysis results, we provided five important success factors for adopting deep learning framework: the knowledge and expertise of developers in the team, hardware (GPU) environment, data enterprise cooperation system, deep learning framework platform, deep learning framework work tool service. In order for an organization to successfully adopt a deep learning open source framework, at the stage of using the framework, first, the hardware (GPU) environment for AI R&D group must support the knowledge and expertise of the developers in the team. Second, it is necessary to support the use of deep learning frameworks by research developers through collecting and managing data inside and outside the company with a data enterprise cooperation system. Third, deep learning research expertise must be supplemented through cooperation with researchers from academic institutions such as universities and research institutes. Satisfying three procedures in the stage of using the deep learning framework, companies will increase the number of deep learning research developers, the ability to use the deep learning framework, and the support of GPU resource. In the proliferation stage of the deep learning framework, fourth, a company makes the deep learning framework platform that improves the research efficiency and effectiveness of the developers, for example, the optimization of the hardware (GPU) environment automatically. Fifth, the deep learning framework tool service team complements the developers' expertise through sharing the information of the external deep learning open source framework community to the in-house community and activating developer retraining and seminars. To implement the identified five success factors, a step-by-step enterprise procedure for adoption of the deep learning framework was proposed: defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, confirming whether the deep learning framework is the right tool, using the deep learning framework by the enterprise, spreading the framework of the enterprise. The first three steps (i.e. defining the project problem, confirming whether the deep learning methodology is the right method, and confirming whether the deep learning framework is the right tool) are pre-considerations to adopt a deep learning open source framework. After the three pre-considerations steps are clear, next two steps (i.e. using the deep learning framework by the enterprise and spreading the framework of the enterprise) can be processed. In the fourth step, the knowledge and expertise of developers in the team are important in addition to hardware (GPU) environment and data enterprise cooperation system. In final step, five important factors are realized for a successful adoption of the deep learning open source framework. This study provides strategic implications for companies adopting or using deep learning framework according to the needs of each industry and business.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.126-142
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• 2001

Although a call for the implementation of PBL in nursing education is getting increased, it has not been actively implemented as it could be. The main reason for this situation seems to be the lack of well designed learning packages. Well designed PBL packages can be the core factor for the successful implementation of PBL. However, this seems to be the hardest task for teachers wanting to implement PBL. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to develop a systematic framework of PBL package development process and provide the examples of its application. This framework of the process of PBL package development includes thirteen steps. First of all, the team needs to decide a topic to be explored in the package and then clusters concepts related to the topic. Second, the team selects a real situation and writes it as a story. Third, knowledge, skills, and attitudes that practitioners need to know to deal with the situation will be explored. Fourth, learning objectives will be written. The next, the team will check if the situation includes multidisciplinary concepts and content. Sixth, the story will be divided into several parts. Seventh, part 1 will be written. Eighth, clinical documents related to part 1 need to be prepared. Ninth, the team will write a suggested approach for students. Then, they need to prepare a tutor's guide for part 1. Eleventh, the team will prepare a list of reading materials and plan for lectures and clinical laboratory sessions. Twelfth, they will write part 2 ~ part N following the steps from the seventh to the eleventh. The last step is evaluating the package and amending it as needed. These thirteen steps are very detailed and easy to follow for beginners. It is expected that this framework will contribute to accelerate the implementation of PBL in nursing education.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.153-163
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• 2014

The eco-friendly elements are important for new construction and renovation and redevelopment of the buildings. The green buildings are related with minimizing environmental pollution and how to live with nature throughout the entire process of demolishing and building. The purpose of this paper is to study on eco-friendly business buildings in the trend of mandatory green building certification system. The analysis of this paper is comparative studies on practices at eleven domestic eco-friendly business buildings through site survey on design framework of green buildings. The design framework of eleven this buildings is six kinds of skills on technical, renewable, ecological, cultural, healthy, social. The eleven this buildings in the new & renewable energy and IT technology of technical sector are satisfied with the framework. But, domestic most advanced eco-friendly business buildings are placed difference between almost the two times on the lower buildings at comparative evaluation. The three of this buildings are gratified rainwater harvesting and waste recycling systems for renewable and recycle. The buildings have an excellent aspects of technology and ecology. The benefits of this buildings are related with future compulsory zero energy house to take technical advantage of renewable energy. However, the buildings reflecting the regional culture types is insufficient. The buildings should be supplemented as follows. This buildings are need to have the social enhancement programs and design for convenient space of community residents, through health and comfort of on workplace. Moreover, this buildings have features of coexisting with human beings and nature friendly with the aim of realizing the sustainable development. The social enhancement programs through regional cultural aspects with ecology are related with individual and community livings in harmony, non-hierarchical communal lifes. The development of the cultural aspects provide for consensus about the local community and creating sustainable communities. Thus, The buildings are to have energy saving, pleasant and healthy living environment and interactive individual and community livings in harmony.