• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2022

Phaeosphaeria species are pathogenic on wheat, barley and a wide range of wild grasses. To analyze mating type loci of the Phaeosphaeria species and investigate mating type distribution in Iran, we sequenced mating type loci of 273 Phaeosphaeria isolates including 67 isolates obtained from symptomatic leaves and ears of wheat, barley, and wild grasses from two wheat growing region in Iran as well as 206 isolates from our collection from other regions in Iran which were isolated in our previous studies. Mating type genes phylogeny was successfully used to determine the species identity and relationships among isolates within the Phaeosphaeria spp. complex. In this study, we reported seven new host records for Phaeosphaeria species and the Phaeosphaeria avenaria f. sp. tritici 3 group was first reported from Iran in this study. Mating type distribution among Phaeosphaeria species was determined. Both mating types were present in all sampling regions from Iran. We observed skewed distribution of mating types in one region (Kohgiluyeh va Boyer-Ahmad) and equal distribution in the other region (Bushehr). However, when considering our entire dataset of 273 Iranian Phaeosphaeria isolates, the ratio of mating types was not deviated significantly from 1:1 suggesting possibilities for isolates of opposite mating type to interact and reproduce sexually, although the sexual cycle may infrequently occur in some regions especially when the climatic conditions are unfavorable for teleomorph development.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.567-580
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• 2005

It is usually assumed that asset returns in the stock market are normally distributed. However, analyses of real data show that the distribution tends to be skewed and to have heavier tails than those of the normal distribution. In this paper, we investigate the method of estimating the value at risk(VaR) of stock returns. The VaR is computed by using the transformation and back-transformation method. The analysis of KOSPI and KOSDAQ data shows that the proposed estimation outperformed that under the normal assumption.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.879-891
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• 2009

We developed the projected l-axial skew-normal(LASN) family of distributions for I-axial data. The LASN family of distributions contains the semicircular skew-normal(SCSN) and the circular skew-normal(CSN) families of distributions as special cases. The LASN densities are similar to the wrapped skew-normal densities for the small values of the scale parameter. However CSN densities have more heavy tails than those of the wrapped skew-normal densities on the circle. Furthermore the CSN densities have two modes as the scale parameter increases. The LASN distribution has very convenient mathematical features. We extend the LASN family of distributions to a bivariate case.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.851-858
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• 2009

In the last decades, there has been much interest in climate variability because its change has dramatic effects on humanity. Especially, the precipitation data are measured over space and their spatial association is so complicated. So we should take into account such a spatial dependency structure while analyzing the data. However, in linear models for analyzing the data, data sets show severely skewed distribution. In the paper, we consider the Box-Cox transformation to satisfy the normal distribution prior to the analysis, and employ a Bayesian hierarchical framework to investigate the spatial patterns. The data set we considered is monthly average precipitation of the third quarter of 2007 obtained from 347 automated monitoring stations in Contiguous South Korea.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2015

As smartphones support a variety of applications and their memory demand keeps increasing, the design of an efficient memory management policy is becoming increasingly important. Meanwhile, as nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies such as PCM and STT-MRAM have emerged as new memory media of smartphones, characterizing memory references for NVM-based smartphone memory systems is needed. For the deep understanding of memory access features in smartphones, this paper performs comprehensive analysis of memory references for various smartphone applications. We first analyze the temporal locality and frequency of memory reference behaviors to quantify the effects of the two properties with respect to the re-reference likelihood of pages. We also analyze the skewed popularity of memory references and model it as a Zipf-like distribution. We expect that the result of this study will be a good guidance to design an efficient memory management policy for future smartphones.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.861-871
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• 2016

The Groningen gas field shows exponential growth in earthquake event counts around a magnitude M1 with a doubling time of 6-9 years since 2001. This behavior is identified with dimensionless curvature in land subsidence, which has been evolving at a constant rate over the last few decades essentially uncorrelated to gas production. We demonstrate our mechanism by a tabletop crack formation experiment. The observed skewed distribution of event magnitudes is matched by that of maxima of event clusters with a normal distribution. It predicts about one event < M5 per day in 2025, pointing to increasing stress to human living conditions.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.85-94
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• 1999

The EARPG(1)/UPS was first developed by Seong (1993) and has been tested for wind pressure time series simulations (Seong and Peterka 1993, 1997, 1998) to prove its excellent performance for generating non-Gaussian time series, in particular, with large amplitude sharp peaks. This paper presents a parametric study focused on simulation of extreme value statistics based on the synthetic realizations of the EARPG(1)/UPS. The method is shown to have a great capability to simulate a wide range of non-Gaussian statistic values and extreme value statistics with exact target sample power spectrum. The variation of skewed long tail in PDF and extreme value distribution are illustrated as function of relevant parameters.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권52호
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• pp.337-345
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• 1999

The long-tailed, positively skewed exponential distribution can be made into an almost symmetric distribution by taking the exponent of the data. In these situations, to use the traditional shewhart control limits on an individuals chart would be impractical and inconvenient. The transformed data, approximately bell-shaped, can be plotted conveniently on the individuals chart and exponentially weighted moving average chart. In this paper, using modifying statistics with transformed exponential of the data, we give a method for constructing control charts. Selecting method of exponent for individual chart is evaluated. And consider that smaller weight being assigned to the older data as time process and properties and taking method of exponent($\theta$), weighting factor($\alpha$) are suggested. Our recommendation, on the basis result of simulation, is practical method for EWMA chart.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.50-56
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• 2002

In this study, we establish bootstrap control limits for EWMA chart by applying the bootstrap method, called resampling, which could not demand assumptions about pre-distribution when the process is skewed and/or the normality assumption is doubt. The results obtained in this study are summarized as follows : bootstrap EWMA control chart is developed for applying bootstrap method to EWMA chart, which is more sensitive to small shifts of process. With the purpose of eliminating a skewness of the resampling distribution, the bootstrap control limits are established by using a modified residual, and its performance is analyzed by ARL. It is shown that the bootstrap EWMA control chart developed in this study includes the properties of standard EWMA control chart that is sensitive to a small shift, and detects process in out of control more quickly than standard EWMA chart.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.351-368
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• 2021

For a probabilistic model with positively skewed data, a lognormal distribution is one of the key distributions that play a critical role. Several lognormal models can be found in various areas, such as medical science, engineering, and finance. In this paper, we propose a new estimator for a lognormal mean and depict the performance of the proposed estimator in terms of the relative mean squared error (RMSE) compared with Shen's estimator (Shen et al., 2006), which is considered the best estimator among the existing methods. The proposed estimator includes a tuning parameter. By finding the optimal value of the tuning parameter, we can improve the average performance of the proposed estimator over the typical range of σ². The bias reduction of the proposed estimator tends to exceed the increased variance, and it results in a smaller RMSE than Shen's estimator. A numerical study reveals that the proposed estimator has performance comparable with Shen's estimator when σ² is small and exhibits a meaningful decrease in the RMSE under moderate and large σ² values.