• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.445-458
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• 2010

The deterioration and structural damage such as exfoliation, cracks, and separation of painted layer on the wall paintings of Maitreya Hall in Geumsan-sa temple have been accelerated since it was re-positioned to the original place after the dismantling from the building in 1993. The examination of which result and analysis described in this study, is a preliminary survey for establishing conservation plan of the wall paintings. It aimed at the understanding of the physical and chemical characteristics of the materials applied in the 1993 conservation. The research focused on the south walls which displayed the worst condition compared to other walls. Samples for the examination for the understanding of micro-structure, chemical composition, cristalisation, and particle distribution, were collected for finishing, middle, and consolidated layers of the walls between pillars and the ones between brackets. Those samples were collected from separated fragments of the walls. The sample analysis displayed that: 1. the 1993 conservation used the similar type of weathered soil as the original for the finishing layer, and such soil and sand for the middle layer; 2. those walls are composed of a group of mineral particles which are relatively equal in size and shape and in their distribution; 3. the mineral particles were cohered forming solid aggregate due to the application of acrylic resin for the reinforcement on the wall. The main composition of crystalisation on the first and the second reinforcement layers of the back walls were lime plaster ($CaSO_4{\cdot}2H_2O$). The overall examination confirmed that the priority of the future conservation treatment should be given to the removal of the first and the second layers of reinforcement and the treatment on the back walls which were partially consolidated.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.33-40
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• 2015

Purpose - Given an increase in the consumption of plums, prices have fluctuated in an unstable manner, making it difficult for farmhouses to sell the product. This study intends to provide information on the cultivation and sale of plums to consumers, thus enabling producers to utilize relevant information to analyze the types of plums that are preferred and consumed by users. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, a survey was conducted on plum consumption by a consumer panel established and operated by the Rural Development Administration in December 2009. The objective was to identify the purchasing awareness of plums and to analyze panel data from 2010 to 2013 using a linear regression model, a Tobit model, and a panel regression model to derive the purchase characteristics. Results - The outcome of the survey on plums is as follows. Plums are purchased because they are good for the health (90.6%), which means that most customers purchase plums for their health benefits. When plums are in season, the purchase rate is 94.8%, indicating that most plums are purchased when they are in season and that selling plums when they are out of season is difficult. Therefore, we sell most plums in the correct season, and the rest of the plums need to be processed and then sent to markets. The strongest reason for not purchasing plums is that they are difficult to process for consumption (63.1%), followed by the reason that the fruit is unfamiliar (15.5%). Regarding solutions for increasing the consumption of plums, the answers were as follows: distribute a recipe for plums (36.9%), advertise its effect through TV or the press (31.1%), and develop various processed products (15.6%). When customers decide to pick out plums, the major considerations were freshness (4.43), safe to eat (4.16), price (3.96), size (3.87), brand (3.28), and discount event (2.62). Freshness is important for decision making and safe to eat was more important than price because plums are washed and processed into plum jam. According to the results of the linear regression model, a higher family income results in a higher purchasing amount. However, the amount of plums purchased by a person was reduced if his or her income increased. Compared with individuals who used other purchasing agents on weekdays, those who used the traditional market turned out to purchase a higher amount of plums on the weekdays. Conclusions - Considering that numerous people purchase plums for their health benefits, promoting the consumption of plums is anticipated as being successful if they can be produced safely for consumption and for inclusion in recipes and various processed foods, and to promote eco-friendly agricultural practices.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.56-63
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• 2010

This work proposes a 12b 100MS/s 0.13um CMOS pipeline ADC for battery-powered mobile video applications such as DVB-Handheld (DVB-H), DVB-Terrestrial (DVB-T), Satellite DMB (SDMB), and Terrestrial DMB (TDMB) requiring high resolution, low power, and small size at high speed. The proposed ADC employs a three-step pipeline architecture to optimize power consumption and chip area at the target resolution and sampling rate. A single shared and switched op-amp for two MDACs removes a memory effect and a switching time delay, resulting in a fast signal settling. A two-step reference selection scheme for the last-stage 6b FLASH ADC reduces power consumption and chip area by 50%. The prototype ADC in a 0.13um 1P7M CMOS technology demonstrates a measured DNL and INL within 0.40LSB and 1.79LSB, respectively. The ADC shows a maximum SNDR of 60.0dB and a maximum SFDR of 72.4dB at 100MS/s, respectively. The ADC with an active die area of 0.92 $mm^2$ consumes 24mW at 1.0V and 100MS/s. The FOM, power/($f_s{\times}2^{ENOB}$), of 0.29pJ/conv. is the lowest of ever reported 12b 100MS/s ADCs.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.265-284
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• 2010

B2B e-commerce guarantee service is a guarantee service combining the electronic systems among Korea Credit Guarantee Fund(KCGF), banks and e-marketplaces to process all procedures on internet ranging from application for credit guarantee, issue of written guarantee and contracting for a commerce to payment. B2B e-commerce guarantee service plays as an intermediary role in financial support for small and mediumsized enterprise(SME), which are small size, low credit level, and unfavorable status in many aspects compared to major companies. Despite the B2B e-commerce guarantee service has various advantages conducive to promotion of e-commerce among small and medium businesses as well as development of e-commerce itself, it has yet to be diffused due to lack of acknowledgement, misunderstanding of its functions and vague psychological fear of the on-line settlement. Thus, this study identifies the values and effects of the B2B e-commerce guarantee service using financial data and cases. The process of this study is 4 phase. first phase is analysis of B2B e-commerce guarantee service and e-Marketplace. second phase is analysis of performance from the Perspective of Diverse Participants. third phase is analysis of economic performance and support for SME. last phase is policy suggestions and conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.25-34
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• 2010

In this study characteristics for reclaimed ash was studied to enlarge the usage of reclaimed ash which is reaching to 72 million ton producted from whole thermal power plants in South Korea. Fly ash and bottom ash are reclaimed separately at some of thermal power plants. However, typically bottom ash and fly ash are mixed when they are buried at most of the thermal power plant, as a result the engineering characteristics of ponded ash are not investigated properly. In order to investigate the engineering characteristics of the ponded ash, laboratory tests were performed with ponded ash and fly ash from youngheung and samcheonpo thermal power plants. Specific gravity, unit weight, and grain size analysis test were fulfilled to evaluate the physical characteristics and triaxial permeability test, direct shear test, unconfined compressive strength test, compaction test were performed to evaluate the mechanical characteristics. And also engineering characteristics of coal ash from anthracite and Bituminous thermal power plants were compared and studied respectively. As a result of the study, it was confirmed that using coal ash from Bituminous thermal power plants can be effective in the place where lightweight materials are required and using coal ash from anthracite thermal power plants can be effective as backfill material which require higher permeability. Finally, it was confirmed that fly ash from youngheung thermal power plants which has the lowest permeability among the tested material is suitable for a field requiring impermeable material.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

During 2008~2009 winter season, yellow patch and gray snow mold occurred on turfgrass plants in golf courses in Kangwon and Jeonbuk provinces, respectively. The fungi associated with the diseases were identified as Rhizoctonia cerealis Van der Hoeven and Typhlua incarnata Lasch ex Fr., based on the morphological characteristics of hyphae and sclerotia. R. cerealis and T. incarnata were pathogenic to most turfgrass and crop species tested. R. cerealis infected crown, stem and leaf tissue of the host plants, and the symptom was light yellow circular patch. Individual infected leaf near the margin of patch developed red color first and finally turn brown. The symptoms caused by gray snow mold pathogen are water-soaked spots, and became a watery soft rot. Infection parts became yellow and then turned brown followed by death of the whole plant. White mycelia were developed on higher petioles, leaves, and on soil where these plant parts lay, and black sclerotia of variable size and shape formed in the mycelial mass. All isolates tested were pathogenic on most turfgrass and crop plants, and significantly different in aggressiveness. Disease severity increased with longer snow cover days on target plants, suggesting that disease severity was expressed over snow cover days. There were significant differences in disease severity among the graminious species, and among cultivars within each species, indicating varying levels of susceptibility to R. cerealis and T. incarnata.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.15-27
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• 2010

As most companies in the world are much interested in the overseas market as well as in the domestic market, many Korean food service enterprises came to focus on extending their branches to the overseas market. However, lack of business strategies including market research, marketing strategies, localization, etc. has made them continue to fail in market entry. The purpose of this study is to develop entry mode of determinants of Korean food service enterprises, considering their characteristic factors and environment factors in the overseas market. To do this, companies which have a head quarter in Korea and over 2 year business experience in the overseas market were chosen and used for a self-administered questionnaire survey. Statistical processing, including descriptive statistics, logistic regressing analysis, and multi regression analysis using an SPSS/PC 12.0 statistical package were conducted The result is as follows. First, explanation suitability was 85% of the entry mode in the overseas market. Second, as business size was smaller, product differentiation was higher, and CEO's will for success in the overseas market was higher, independent entry mode in the overseas market was likely to he chosen. Lastly, as the uncertainty of demand and trade barrier were lower, and a sociocultural gap was smaller, independent entry mode in the overseas market was likely to be chosen.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.550-560
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to research spatial diffusion, a condition for spread of Ailanthus altissima, and conduct flora analysis to provide useful information for management of it. Three research spots where the community dominance value was found to be high and habitat was homogeneous according to a 2010 in-depth species study were selected, and census was conducted using a line-transect method. The diffusion area included 1,435 $m^2$ in Yangpyeong, 1,118 $m^2$ in Gimcheon and 760 $m^2$ in Sancheong, in order of increasing size, and a total of 510 trees were found to be randomly diffused in space. An average of 83.2% of Ailanthus altissima were found to be included in DBH classes I (1.0-3.4 cm) and II (3.5-6.4 cm), showing that young trees were dominant in Ailanthus altissima communities and there was an age diffusion pattern according to degree of disturbance in habitats. A total of 41 families 75 genera and 91 species of flora made up the list, and Therophytes were most widely found in all of the three areas. This shows that habitats in these areas have recently been disturbed. It was evaluated that elimination of roadside population and mountainous area population was necessary to prevent diffusion of Ailanthus altissima.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2010

To evaluate agronomic characteristics for the use of biodiesel crop, 328 collections of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.) were obtained from Genebank in Rural Development Adminstration (RDA). The necessary days from seeding to emergence of collections were from 7 to 12 days, and the days to flowering were widely distributed from 55 to 86 days. Stem length ranged from 131 to 345 cm with a mean of 259 cm, and the mean maturing days were 35 days. The number of head flower was 1~23 ea per plant, and the mean size of head flower was 17.6 cm with a range from 14.7 to 21.3 cm (72.8%). The mean seed number per head flower was 1,430 ea, and the weight of seed per plant ranged from 23 to 379 g with a mean of 91.4 g. The mean seed length was 11.7 mm with a range from 9.0 to 21.5 mm, and the mean diameter was 6.4 mm. The mean weight of seed per litter, 1000 grain weight and seed weight per plant were 322.5 g, 63.3 g and 204 g, respectively. Variation of number of head per plant was largest and weight of grain per plant was large in next among growth and grain characteristics. At the results of correlation analysis among characteristics, the seed diameter was getting bigger and the days for flowering dates were prolonged in the higher stem length plant, but the days to maturing and growth duration was shortened.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.83-107
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• 2010

Urbanized environments are constructed to estimate peak flow and cost savings in response to possible BMP allocation at a watershed scale. The main goal is to explore the proper allocation of sub-watershed level BMPs for peak flow attenuation at a watershed scale. Since several individual site scale BMPs work as a form of aggregated BMPs at a sub-watershed scale, it is a question as to how to properly allocate the sub-watershed level BMPs at a watershed scale. The Hydrological Simulation Program-FORTRAN (HSPF) is set up for a hypothetically urbanized watershed. A peak flow is determined to be the primary variable of interest and targeted to characterize the spatial distribution of aggregated BMPs. Construction cost of a regional pond forms the basis of the economic valuation. The results indicate that when total size of BMPs is constant in the entire watershed, (1) it is most effective to have aggregated BMPs in some upper sub-watersheds while the BMPs in either the mainstem sub-watershed or a single sub-watershed are the least effective choices for peak flow attenuation at a watershed scale; (2) savings exist between allocation differences and reduced peak flow increases cost savings. The largest saving is found in the strategy of aggregated BMPs in some upper sub-watersheds. These findings, however, call for follow-up site specific case studies revisiting the watershed scale impacts of BMP allocation. Then, it will be argued that location and extent of decentralization are considerable policy variables for an alternative stormwater management policy at a watershed scale.