• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.170-176
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• 2010

This paper describes the grid-size dependency of the conventional Eulerian-Lagrangian method to spray characteristics such as spray penetration and SMD in modeling DME sprays. In addition, the reduction of the grid-size dependency of the present Gas-jet model was investigated. The calculations were performed using the KIVA code and the calculated results were compared to those of experimental result. The results showed that the conventional Eulerian-Laglangian model predicts shorter spray penetration for large cell because of inaccurate calculation of momentum exchange between liquid and gas phase. However, it was shown that the gas-jet model reduced grid-size dependency to spray penetration by calculating relative velocity between liquid and ambient gas based on gas jet velocity.

• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.120-126
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• 2013

This paper introduces a new design for a Rotman lens that has been proposed to minimize its size and provide a suitable design for a compact beamforming system. The size reduction is realized by minimizing the length of the transition structures, which are positioned between the lens body and the connecting lines. The proposed structure is much shorter than a conventional transition structure, which is a tapered line in general. As a result, a 45% size reduction can be achieved by using the proposed transition structure, compared to a typical Rotman lens with linearly tapered lines. Therefore, the proposed Rotman lens will be suitable for compact beamforming systems.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 추계 학술발표회 제16권2호
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• pp.549-552
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• 2004

This paper investigated the drying and autogenous shrinkage of high performance concrete(HPC) with mixture adjustment under various specimen size. For fresh concrete properties, HPC with mixture adjustment need a higher dosage of SP agent due to fluidity reduction, and a larger dosage of AE agent due to the reduction of air content. HPC with mixture adjustment exhibited a smaller strength development than control HPC. For drying shrinkage, an increase in specimen size occurred with small expansion during water curing and at air curing, less drying shrinkage was observed. Autogenous shrinkage was not affected by specimen size. Autogenous shrinkage of HPC with mixture adjustment exhibited less than half of control HPC.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.273-282
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• 2020

본 연구는 경제적, 사회적, 환경적으로 가치가 있는 미래의 식량자원인 곤충식품의 산업적 활용도를 높이고자 최근 10년간(2009년~2019년) 발표된 곤충식품들 중 누에와 누에번데기의 생리활성 연구자료를 수집하여 혈청 지질 수준 개선에 대한 메타분석을 실시하였다. 누에와 누에번데기 연구물의 총 편수는 20편이었으며, 총 사례 수는 261개로 산출되었다. 연구단위로 분석한 연구의 수는 총 20개였다. 전체 연구결과의 효과크기는 0.852로 큰 효과크기였으며, 95% 신뢰구간의 범위는 0.662~0.999였다. Q 값은 23.264(p<0.001), Higgin's I² 값은 92.217로 각각의 연구가 이질성이 있다고 확인되었다. 관측값과 추정치를 보정한 관측값이 0.654로 동일하게 나타나 출판편향은 없었다. 누에 연구는 혈당과 혈중지질이 각각 0.801, 0.948로 큰 효과크기였으며, 그중 LDL-콜레스테롤은 1.371로 매우 큰 효과크기였다. 간 세포 손상(AST/GOT)은 0.768, 만성 간 세포 손상(ALT/GPT)은 0.788로 중간 효과크기였다. 실험기간은 5~8주가 1.170, 섭취량은 1~50 mg/kg이 1.020으로 매우 큰 효과크기였다. 누에번데기는 혈중지질과 총 콜레스테롤이 각각 0.991, 0.951로 큰 효과크기였다. 실험기간은 9주 이상이 1.103으로 매우 큰 효과크기였으며, 섭취량은 5001 mg/kg 이상이 0.855로 큰 효과크기를 보였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.331-332
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• 1989

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.99-109
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• 2018

In this study, we examined the inhibitory effect of L. plantarum Q180 on adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 and reduction of adipocyte size in mice fed high-fat diet. L. plantarum Q180 inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells ($18.47{\pm}0.32%$) at a concentration of $400{\mu}g/mL$ ($10^8CFU/g$). As a result of western blot analysis, the expression of $C/EBP{\alpha}$ and $PPAR{\gamma}$ in 3T3-L1 adipocyte treated with $400{\mu}g/mL$ of L. plantarum Q180 decreased 35.16% and 40.07%, respectively, compared with the control. To examine the effects, mice were fed three different diets as follows: ND (n=6) was fed ND and orally administered saline solution; HFD (n=6), HFD and orally administered saline solution; and HFD+Q180 (n=6), HFD and orally administered L. plantarum Q180. After six weeks, the rate of increase of body weight was 13.7% lower in the HFD+Q180 group compared to the HFD group. In addition, the epididymal fat weights of the HFD+Q180 group were lower than that of the HFD group. The change of adipocyte size was measured in diet-induced obese mice. Consequently, the number of large-size adipose tissue was less distributed in the ND and HFD+Q180 groups than in the HFD group. L. plantarum Q180 has an effect on the inhibition of 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation, fat absorption and reduction of adipocyte size. L. plantarum Q180 could be applied to functional food products that help improve obesity.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.171-178
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• 2015

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum FH185 on the reduction of adipocyte size and gut microbial changes in mice with diet-induced obesity. The strain was found to have a lipase inhibitory activity of 70.09±2.04% and inhibited adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells (18.63±0.98%) at a concentration of 100 µg/mL. To examine the effect of the strain supplementation on gut microbial changes in mice with diet-induced obesity, male C57BL/6J mice were fed on four different diets (i.e., A, normal diet (ND); B, high-fat diet (HFD); C, HFD with ABT-3 (10⁹ CFU/day); and D, HFD with L. plantarum FH185 (10⁹ CFU/day)) for 6 wk. According to the results of fecal pyrosequencing, the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes in groups C and D was lower than in the control groups at the phylum level. At the family level, Lactobacillaceae in groups C and D was observed to dominate, while Lachnospiraceae in groups A and B was observed to dominate. At the genus level, Lactobacillus in groups C and D was comparatively higher than in groups A and B. To examine the effects of strain supplementation on the reduction of adipocyte size, the left and right epididymal fat pads were quickly isolated after the animals were sacrificed, and the adipocyte sizes were measured. In groups A, C and D, the percentage of 2,000 m² of adipocyte was higher than in the other size of adipocyte, while the percentage of over 5,000 m² of adipocyte was highest in group B. The mean adipocyte size of group D was significantly larger than that of group A, but smaller than that of group B.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.819-833
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• 2005

하나의 instruction으로 여러 메모리 블록을 읽거나 쓰는 MLS(Multiple Load/store) 명령어를 사용하면 전체 코드에서 메모리 명령어의 수를 최소화해서 코드 사이즈를 축소할 수 있다. 이러한 장점 때문에 많은 마이크로 프로세서에서 이 명령어를 지원하고 있으나 현재까지 개발되어 있는 컴파일러들은 MLS 명령어의 장점을 효과적으로 이용하고 있지 못하고 있고 오직 제한적인 용도로 MLS 명령어를 사용하고 있다. 기존의 컴파일러에서 MLS 명령어를 효율적으로 지원하지 못하는 것은 일반적으로 MLS 명령어를 효과적으로 이용하기 위해서 해결해야 할 문제가 NP-hard의 범주에 속하기 때문이다. 이것은 stack frame에서 변수들에 대한 최적의 메모리 옵셋을 찾는 문제와 레지스터 할당에 관련된 복합적인 문제이다. 본 논문에서는 heuristic 기법을 효율적으로 이용하여 위에 언급된 문제를 polynomial time bound에 해결할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 The 8th Asian Symposium on Precision Forging ASPF
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• pp.47-50
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• 2003

Grain size of the $\alpha$ phase is computed during isothermal forging of the TC6 aerofoil blade, by combining FE with the Yada's model of grain size. The present results illustrate the grain size and distribution of the $\alpha$ phase during isothermal forging of the TC6 aerofoil blade' in detail. The computed results show that height reduction, deformation temperature, hammer velocity and friction have significant effect on distribution of the equivalent strain, and that height reduction, deformation temperature and hammer velocity have more significant effect on grain size of the $\alpha$ phase than friction between billet and die.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
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• pp.464-467
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• 2003

In this paper, to reduce the patch size of microstrip antenna, folded surface-type patch antenna is designed and fabricated. Size reduction could be achieved because of the downed resonant frequency by the extended current path passing along below the transformated patch surface. Comparison of the patch size at the 1.575 GHz between plane type(length 82 mm${\times}$width 90 mm) and "ㄷ"-shaped folded type is carried and comparision of frequency variation at the same patch size is carried. The result is like that the patch size was reduced than the plane type by 60 mm(73.17 %) at the same frequency. Therefore, it could be checked that "ㄷ"-shaped folded type antenna is advantageous than the plane type in size reduction.