• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.3 s.102
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• pp.116-128
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate Seon expressed in the costume of Chinese Song. For the purpose, this researcher classified types of Seon, found in the Chinese costume, in terms of composition method, decorative technique and used materials. In addition, the researcher attempted to analyze formative characteristics of Sean in accordance with the range and post of use, pattern and color combination. Seon expressed in the costume of Chinese Song can be classified into standard, decoration, application and Buseon in type. When the typical distribution of Seon expressed in the costume of Chinese Song, standard type was highest in percentage, especially different color type. Looking at the range of use, Seon was mainly used for outfits, especially Jikcheol(直?) and Hakchangeui for men and Baeja(背子) for women. Looking at the post of use, Seon was mainly used to edges of costume and sometimes also to seams. In regard to materials of Seon, they were selectively used depending on the existence or non-existence, size and brilliance or non-brilliance of pattern employed in the texture of Seon. The most commonly used pattern of Seon was single-type pattern, especially the pattern of plant. Pattern arrangement was most often filling in type. Concerning the color combination of Seon, men's dress most often used black-white combination, followed by different color combination while, women's dress most often employed complementary color combination, followed by different color combination.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.54.2-54.2
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• 2011

It is the conventional wisdom that the Poynting-Robertson effect is essentially the outcome of the interplay between absorption and reemission processes. For a better understanding of the motion of charged particles around a compact star with strong radiation, we reached an alternative interpretation for the Poynting-Robertson effect based on the covariant formalism and found that it is attributed to the combination of the aberration and the Lorentz transformation of the radiation stress-energy tensor. As a general relativistic application of the Poynting-Robertson effect, we studied the dynamics of test particles around the spinning relativistic star with strong radiation. We discovered that the combination of the angular momentum and the finite size of the star generates "radiation counter drag" which exerts on the test particle to enhance its specific angular momentum, contrary to the radiation drag. The balance of the radiation drag and the radiation counter drag renders the particle to hover around the spinning luminous star at the "suspension orbit". The radial position and the angular velocity of the particle on the "suspension orbit" are determined by the angular momentum, the luminosity, and the size of the central star only, and they are independent of the initial position and velocity of the particle.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.3-11
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• 2018

This study suggested practical considerations in case of planning Small-Sized Household Units of the Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment along with selecting particular Age-Apartment Complex to plan Small-Sized Household Units. Four parts of consideration; (1) Architectural planning aspects, (2) Resident aspects, (3) Structural aspects, and (4) Facility aspects were thoroughly examined to apply in the remodeling construction period. Proposals for Small-Sized Household Units, in this study, covered two different combinations. One was the combination of six equal units, the other was the combination of eleven different types of household units which reflected resident aspects in plan organizations. Plan organization proposal could be chosen and applied to Vertical Extended units by Local Government, Remodeling Association, or Constructor based on their potential residents' aspect, such as family size, life style, age, amount to income and etc. to fulfill their satisfaction. Furthermore, this study had great significance of the adequately reflecting demand on Small-Sized Household Units in Vertical Extension of Aged Apartment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.64 no.2
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• pp.70-83
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• 2014

This study was done to provide the basic data for improving the sizing system for infants and children's clothing. The 97 brands were surveyed through market research and on-line searching. Size and body measurements were analyzed according to the content of nominal size, type of market, national and foreign brands, and meaning of reference size. The results are as follows: 1. The meaning of nominal sizes was categorized as five cases: the size based on body measurements, the size based on age, the meaningless size, letter cord and combination of 2 out of 4 cases above. The nominal size based on height was most observed, and the meaningless nominal size was second. The meaningless nominal size can cause confusion when consumer buys clothing. 2. The department stores mainly used the nominal size based on body measurements, but the Internet shopping malls largely used the meaningless nominal size. 3. Both national brands and foreign brands mainly used the nominal size based on height. But national brands largely used the different nominal sizes. 4. 41 brands indicated body measurements as reference size and 26 brands indicated product measurements as reference size. Therefore consumers tended to confuse the body measurements with the product measurement.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.395-399
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• 2016

In the present case, the effect and toxicity of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy combined with surgery of mammary tumors in a dog were examined. An 8-year old spayed female Beagle presented with a mammary tumor. Physical examination, radiography, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), and laboratory examination were performed. Metastasis of the mammary tumor was confirmed by CT scan. Chemotherapy using a combination of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide was initiated following surgery. The first cycle of chemotherapy was planned to last for 6 weeks; it was planned that carboplatin would be intravenously administered for the first week (1 day) and cyclophosphamide would be intravenously administered for the next 3 weeks (22 days). Between the end of cycle 1 and the beginning of cycle 2, based on CT, it was confirmed that the number and size of tumors were unchanged and the tumors had not spread to other organs. However, at the end of cycle 2 and the beginning of cycle 3, CT revealed an increase in the number and size of mass in the lung. Chemotherapy was associated with adverse effects such as lethargy, anorexia, leukopenia, and hair loss. In conclusion, this case showed that a combination of carboplatin and cyclophosphamide suppressed the development of new neoplasms as well as metastasis for a certain period of time but did not improve the survival time. Although more cases are required, this chemotherapeutic procedure remains challenging.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

The rheological properties of highly concentrated Ag nano sol depending on particle size were studied. The Ag nano sol was prepared by reducing the Ag ion in aqueous solution. The size of Ag nano particle was controlled by two steps of nucleation and growth, and the thickness of adsorption layer was varied by molecular weight of polyelectrolytes. The polyelectrolytes acted as not only ionic complex agent in ionic state and but also dispersant after formation of Ag nano sol. The effective volume was controlled by combination of varying the molecular weight of polyelectrolytes and the size Ag nano sol. The particle size and the viscosity of nano sol were characterized by particle size analyzer, HR-TEM and cone & plate viscometer. It was found that the 10 nm and 40 nm-sized Ag nano sols were prepared by controlling the nucleation and growth steps, respectively. Finally, we could prepare highly concentrated Ag nano sol over 50 wt%.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2018

Purpose The introduction of bone scan has been reported as a useful tool in the diagnosis, treatment, and treatment response of skeletal disease. The purpose of this study is to improve the anatomical information and tolerance of the bone by combining bone scan and pelvic X-ray without additional radiation exposure. Materials and Methods From November 2015 to August 2016, 236 patients(64 men and 172 women, average age $50.96{\pm}15.39years$) take Bone scan and Pelvis AP(Anteroposterior) X-ray scan at the National Cancer Center. The scan equipment was a gamma camera, Symbia Ecam (SIEMENS, Germany), and a digital x-ray, DRS-800 (Listem, Korea). Osirix version 3.8.1 (Osirix, USA) and Stata/SE version 14.0 (StataCorp, USA) were used for image combination and analysis. The patient was intravenously injected with $^{99m}Tc-DPD$ (740 MBq), and the scan was performed 2 to 4 hours later. Gamma camera image acquisition were Matrix size $256{\times}1024$, Zoom 1.00, and scan speed 17 cm/min. The digital X-ray was made with a collimator size of $14^{{\prime}{\prime}}{\times}17^{{\prime}{\prime}}$, 77 kVp (60 to 97 kVp) and an average of 30 mAs (20 to 48). ASIS and pubic symphysis Select virtual points then Combine three virtual points and pelvic contour lines. The acquired images were evaluated by three radiologists who worked for more than 5 years in the nuclear medicine department. Results Of the total 236 patients, 216 (91.53%) were matched. The median and range (min~max) of the age were 67 (46~81) years old in the unmatched group and 52 (22~87) years old in the matched group, The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was performed to determine whether age was different between the two groups. As a result, the age difference between the two groups was statistically significant at p < 0.0001. Of the 64 men, 60 (93.75%) were match and of the 172 women, 156 (93.75%) were match. There was no statistically significant difference according to gender(p = 0.4542). Of the 54 patients without pelvic lesions, 54 (100.00%) were match, and 162 (89.01%) of 182 patients with pelvic lesions were match. There was a statistically significant difference according to the presence of pelvic lesions. Conclusion There are many variables in the combination of bone scan and pelvic X-ray imaging, and the patient's age and pelvic lesion may have some effect on the image combination. This study is expected to be useful for the diagnosis of pelvic osteosarcoma of children without radiation exposure. It is expected that this combination of images will help to develop the nuclear medicine image.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.908-914
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• 1996

A number of techniques have been studied for handling uncertainty in the development of expert systems. One of techniques adopted in many expert systems is the Dumpster-Shafer Evidence combination scheme. This has been the main focus among others due to is favorable features and computational complexity. In this paper, we develop and algorithm to deal with the exponential complexity inherent in Dempster-Shafer evidence combination. In the evidence combination process, we divide the frame of discernment into two groups, one for those common in both belief functions and the other for the rest. A property is found that in computing new belief function for the latter group, the result of evidence combination show linear change. The irrelevancy factor is derived and used to compute the change. The main idea of the method is to reduce the size of the frame of discernment and thus exponential complexity.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.323-328
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• 2015

Objective : Malignant gliomas are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system and the prognosis of patients with gliomas is poor. The combination of interferon-bata (IFN-${\beta}$) and temozolomide (TMZ) has shown significant additive antitumor effects in human glioma xenograft models. Considering that the poor survival of patients with human malignant gliomas relates partly to the inability to deliver therapeutic agents to the tumor, the tropism of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for malignant gliomas can be exploited to therapeutic advantages. We investigated the combination effects of TMZ and MSCs that secrete IFN-${\beta}$ on gliomas. Methods : We engineered human MSCs to secret mouse IFN-${\beta}$ (MSC-IFN-${\beta}$) via adenoviral transduction and confirmed their secretory capacity using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In vitro and in vivo experiments were performed to determine the effects of the combined TMZ and MSC-IFN-${\beta}$ treatment. Results : In vitro, the combination of MSC-IFN-${\beta}$ and TMZ showed significantly enhanced antitumor effects in GL26 mouse glioma cells. In vivo, the combined MSC-IFN-${\beta}$ and TMZ therapy significantly reduced the tumor size and improved the survival rates compared to each treatment alone. Conclusion : These results suggest that MSCs can be used as an effective delivery vehicle so that the combination of MSC-IFN-${\beta}$ and TMZ could be considered as a new option for the treatment of malignant gliomas.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2019

Obesity is frequently associated with metabolic disease. This study showed whether fenofibrate, a hypolipidemic agent, swimming and swimming combined with fenofibrate (: combination) regulate obesity, and whether combination is more effective than fenofibrate on regulation of obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice for 8 weeks. Both fenofibrate and swimming decreased obesity-associated factors such as body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipid levels and adipoctye size, compared with control mice. When mice were concomitantly treated with fenofibrate and swimming, combination reduced further the inhibitory effects on obesity-associated factors, compared with fenofibrate. Both fenofibrate, swimming and combination decreased serum glucose levels, compared with control mice. The evidence is presented herein that combination were effective to control obesity and serum glucose levels, suggesting that swimming combined with fenofibrate might contribute to inhibition of high-fat diet fed-induced metabolic syndrome.