• 로봇학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.332-338
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• 2017

As an interpretation of existing jamming effects, the main variables affecting the increase in stiffness due to jamming are known as system density, jamming density, pressure, and particulate temperature. The main variable, jamming density, is closely related to the distribution of particle size and contact properties such as particle shape and friction. However, the complexity of these variables makes it difficult to fully understand the mechanism of the jamming effect. In this paper, we focus on the jamming effects of particles that have more elastic properties than particles such as sand and coffee powder, which are commonly used as constituent particles of existing jamming, in order to reduce complicated factors such as temperature and concentrate on jamming effects based on elastic characteristics of particles. It was experimentally explored the possibility of increasing stiffness by mixing particles of different sizes rather than simply increasing the bending stiffness by controlling the particle size. Through simulations and experiments, we found a case where the stiffness of each particle size distribution is larger than the stiffness of each particle size.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.808-811
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• 2002

In thixoforming process, the size of Si particles is changed by many parameters of forming. Especially, reheating and heat treatment are very important parameters. It was found that the mechanical properties was significantly improved by the thixoforming process. In this study, to investigate the relation between the mechanical properties and Si particles, the experiment of semi-solid die casting has been performed. Large suspension part with A356 alloy was fabricated with controlled ram speed. The effect of the size and shape of silicon particles on microstructure of tensile test has been investigated.

• 대기
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.175-186
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• 2012

In this study, we investigate the effects of elliptical shape of Asian dust particles on the estimation of aerosol optical depth by implementing T-matrix method into WRF/Chem Dust Model. The phase function calculated by assuming elliptical particle shape near $110{\sim}160^{\circ}$ of scattering angle showed about 20 times larger than that calculated by assuming spherical particle shape. Significant difference of extinction efficiency was found with an increase of size parameter and aspect ratio. From the simulations of two Asian dust events occurred on 1 April 2007 and 16 March 2010, we found that the difference of extinction efficiency between elliptical and spherical particle shape was about 5~8%. The aerosol optical depth calculated by assuming elliptical particle shape with 1.6, 1.4 and 1.2 of aspect ratio was about $4.0{\pm}0.5%$, $2.0{\pm}0.2%$, and $1.0{\pm}0.1%$ larger than those estimated by assuming spherical particle shape.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.238-244
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• 2008

This study investigates on the improvement of inhalation effect of hood which attached new device named as "gas-guide-device" in local exhaust ventilation system for the effective elimination of harmful material and dust in manufacturing factory. The gas-guide-device having a diamond shape is composed of width (b) and two sides of a device (X, Y) and its size is selected the industrial hood under application in manufacturing factory after due consideration. In order to investigate the effect of gas-guide-device, numerical and experimental study is performed that the flow velocity is calculated and is measured by a commercial program "COMSOL $Multiphysics^{TM}$" and a hot wire type of anemometer, respectively. The numerical and experimental results are revealed is a similar pattern and flow velocity has improved to hood attached gas-guide-device. Also, the numerical method and result is also verified the dependance. Moreover, the optimum shape and size of gas-guide-device is revealed that the width (b) and the ratio of two sides of gas-guide-device (X, Y) has 125mm and 4 to 6.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.71-74
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• 2007

Substitution of the stacked antenna for the normally pressed antenna in the mobile phone was tried for the purpose of decreasing its size. However, reduced size resulted in the difficulties obtaining the targeted characteristics with the bandwidth over 70MHz. The cross-section of the vias in the low temperature co-firing ceramics process was studied to find out effects on the bandwidth characteristics. Circular and rectangular cross-section of the via beneath different types of antenna patterns were simulated. Better bandwidth characteristics were acquired for the larger diameter of the circular section and for the rectangular section as the cross-section area increased. From the viewpoint of the shape of the cross-section, rectangular area showed better characteristics than the circular area with the same longest length in the cross-section.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 2012

경량골재 콘크리트의 압축강도에 대한 크기 및 형상효과를 평가하기 위하여 9 배합의 실내 실험과 3 배합의 레미콘 배합을 수행하였다. 콘크리트 배합은 보통중량, 전경량 및 모래경량의 3그룹으로 분류되었다. 각 콘크리트 배합에서 원형 또는 사각형 단면을 갖는 시험체의 형상비는 1.0과 2.0이었다. 시험체의 단면 크기는 각 실내배합에서는 50~150mm, 각 레미콘 배합에서는 50~400mm 범위에 있었다. 실험 결과 경량골재 콘크리트의 균열진전과 국부 파괴영역은 보통중량 콘크리트와 상당히 달랐다. 경량골재 콘크리트에서 균열은 골재를 관통하였으며, 균열의 분포영역은 매우 국부적이었다. 이로 인해, 경량골재 콘크리트의 크기효과는 보통중량 콘크리트에 비해 더 크게 나타났으며, 이 현상은 형상비 1.0보다는 2.0인 시험체에서 더 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 김진근 등의 크기효과 예측모델은 경량골재 콘크리트에서 시험체 단면크기가 150mm 이상일 때 과대 평가하였다. 반면, 압축강도에 대한 시험체 형상의 영향을 보정하기 위해 ASTM 및 CEB-FIP에서 제시한 수정계수는 경량골재 콘크리트에서도 안전측에 있었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2019

CNT 유동층 반응기(내경 0.15 m, 높이 2.6 m) 프리보드 내 미세 CNT 입자(평균입도 $46{\mu}m$, 벌크밀도 $93.2kg/m^3$)의 높이 별 거동을 확인하기 위해 레이저 슬릿광 형상 측정법을 이용하여, CNT 응집체의 크기 및 형태를 측정하였다. 기체 유속 증가에 대해, 비산되는 CNT 응집체의 Feret 직경과 Heywood 직경이 증가하였다. 프리보드 내 높이가 증가할수록 평균 직경은 작아졌고, 응집체 내 CNT 입자수가 감소하였다. 기체 유속 증가에 대해, 응집체의 종횡비는 농후상에 가까울수록 증가하였으나, 높은 높이에서는 감소하였다. 그러나, 견고도는 큰 변화를 보이지 않았다. 응집체의 형상 분석 정보에 기반하여, 높이 별 CNT 입자의 응집과정이 서로 다름을 확인하였다. 유동층 프리보드 내 CNT 응집체의 Heywood 직경을 예측할 수 있는 상관관계식을 제안하였다.

• 공업화학
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.771-776
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• 1997

여러 형태의 탄산칼슘을 합성하였다. 이렇게 합성된 여러형태의 탄산칼슘을 혼합기에 넣어 PP와 혼합하여 PP/$CaCO_3$ 복합재료를 제조하였다. 제조된 복합재료를 입자의 형태에 따른 결정화온도, 용융열, 구정의 크기 그리고 기계적성질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 입자의 형태가 결정화온도와 용융열 그리고 구정의 크피에 많은 영향이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 특히, vaterite를 혼합하였을 경우 다른 입자에 비하여 구정의 크기는 적었으나 결정화도는 증가하였으며, 이로 인해 인장강도와 영율은 다른 입자에 비하여 높은 값을 나타내었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.157-169
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• 2013

Using a target detection task, this study compared the processing automaticity of phonemes and features in spoken syllable stimuli to determine the primitive representation in speech perception, phoneme or distinctive feature. For this, we modified the visual search task(Treisman et al., 1992) developed to investigate the processing of visual features(ex. color, shape or their conjunction) for auditory stimuli. In our task, the distinctive features(ex. aspiration or coronal) corresponded to visual primitive features(ex. color and shape), and the phonemes(ex. /$t^h$/) to visual conjunctive features(ex. colored shapes). The automaticity is measured by the set size effect that was the increasing amount of reaction time when the number of distracters increased. Three experiments were conducted. The laryngeal features(experiment 1), the manner features(experiment 2), and the place features(experiment 3) were compared with phonemes. The results showed that the distinctive features are consistently processed faster and automatically than the phonemes. Additionally there were differences in the processing automaticity among the classes of distinctive features. The laryngeal features are the most automatic, the manner features are moderately automatic and the place features are the least automatic. These results are consistent with the previous studies(Bae et al., 2002; Bae, 2010) that showed the perceptual hierarchy of distinctive features.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.441-447
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• 2003

When a SnO$_2$ thin film was deposited by thermal CVD, two different types of growth behavior that were dependent on the deposition temperature were observed. The film grown at 475$^{\circ}C$ had a wide grain size distribution and a faceted surface shape. On the other hand, the film grown at 5$25^{\circ}C$ had a relatively narrow grain size distribution and a rounded sulfate shape. The aspects of grain shape and growth behavior agree well with the theory of gram growth and a roughening transition. The charge tarrier density decreased with deposition time. According to photoluminescence measurements, the peak intensity of the spectra occurred at approximately 2.5 eV, which is related to oxygen vacancies, and decreased with increasing of deposition time. These measurement results suggest that the number of oxygen vacancies, which is related to the electrical conductivity, decrease with deposition time.