• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.156-162
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation related to postural stability depending on different head positions with whole body vibration (WBV) in standing. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this single-group, repeated-measures study in which the surface electromyography (EMG) data from upper trapezius, rectus abdominis, external oblique abdominis, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, medial gastrocnemius were collected over 3 different frequencies (0-10-20Hz) and 4 different head positions (neutral, flexion, extension, chin tuck) for each subject on WBV while standing. Results: The results of this study demonstrated that the EMG activity of all recorded muscles shows significant difference between three different frequencies and four head positions of WBV while standing (p<0.05). In the multiple comparison, significant differences could be observed for most of different frequency conditions except 0-10Hz of RA, 10-20Hz of ST. In contrast, no significant difference showed the comparison of the EMG activity depending on different head positions (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that different head positions on WBV do not activate muscles related to postural stability. However, higher frequency on WBV is highly effective to activate whole body muscles included postural muscles regardless of different head positions.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전기물성ㆍ응용부문C
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• 제48권10호
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• pp.681-686
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• 1999

In this study, a windmill type ultrasonic motor operated by single-phase AC electric field was fabricated, and then revolution characteristics and 3-dimensional vibration mode of the ultrasonic motor were investigated. Brass metal was pressed with umbrella-type using metal mold, then slot of 4 kind was processed at various thickness. It was found that the revolution speed of the ultrasonic motor increased with decreasing the thickness of elastic body. The revolution speed of the ultrasonic motor increased with increasing the slots of elastic body. When the characteristics was measured, applied voltage was changed from $10V_{max}\; to\; 100V_{max}$. Then, revolution was began from $30V_{max}$, if voltage was applied over $90V_{max}$ revolution speed was saturated, and not increased. The maximum revolution speed was 510[rpm] when using elastic body with 6 slots and thickness of 0.15mm. And 3-dimensional displacement mode was rotated clockwise direction.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.53-61
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• 2002

Purpose: This descriptive study was designed to investigate Body Mass Index(BMI), weight control behavior, and self-esteem in high school adolescents. Method: The convenience sample consisted of 129 high school females and 106 high school males. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire from November to December, 1999. BMI was calculated by using the subject's self-reported body weight and height to identify objective obesity. Self evaluation about subjective obesity was measured by a single item question. Preferred BMI was calculated by using the subject's elf-reported body weight and height which the subjects desired. The Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale was utilized to measure the level of self-esteem. Results: Results of the study revealed that high school females perceived themselves as more more obese than their the actual BMI, excessively participated in dieting behavior and exercises, and reported lower self-esteem than that of males. Conclusion: Based on this study, health care providers need to educate female adolescents about healthy behavior as well as the normal weight range in BMI.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.316-321
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• 2013

Purpose: The aimed of this study was to investigate muscle activation related to postural stability according to different frequency of whole body vibration during quiet standing, to identify the most effective training conditions that cause the highest neuromuscular responses, and to evaluate the difference of EMG activation according to the anatomical position of the muscle - proximal or distal from the vibration platform. Methods: Eighteen healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this single-group, repeated-measures study in which EMG data from upper trapezius, rectus abdominalis, external oblique abdominalis, elector spinae, gluteus maximus, rectus femoris, semitendinosus, and gastrocnemius were collected over different frequencies (0-5-10-15-20-25Hz) for each subject during quiet standing. Results: We observed a statistically significant difference in the mean values of %RVC of muscular activation according to different frequencies of whole body vibration during quiet standing in all muscles (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our results indicate that lower frequencies of vibration result in low muscular activation, and higher frequencies elicit high muscular activation. However, the most effective training condition that caused the highest activation was 20 Hz. In addition, the proximally located lower extremity muscles (GCM, RF, ST, GM) showed higher activation than the distally located trunk and neck muscles (ES, EO, RA, UT) together with increasing frequency.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2013

In Korea, only a few wooden pagodas are extant because some wooden pagodas were lost due to artificial environment like war. Fortunately, only Eight Depictions Hall(Palsangjeon) in Beobjusa temple and main hall of Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple are extant. Though main hall of Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple shows old style in construction and outstanding creativity, survey and investigation for the hall have been poor. Accordingly, this study investigated pillar part, bracket structure part, and roof part composing pagoda body section which actively reflects structure and design skill compared to floor or upper part. And for better understanding, in the part that is similar to pagoda body section of main hall or needs examples, wooden pagoda in China or Japan was referred. Through this investigation, it was known that unique skill applied to main hall of Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple is based on plane in one room ${\times}$ one room - Ssang-Bong Sa the main temple has common form of wooden pagoda in appearance.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.658-663
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• 2015

In the previous work, we have proposed an integrate-and-fire neuron circuit and synaptic device based on the floating body MOSFET [1-3]. Integrate-and-Fire(I&F) neuron circuit emulates the biological neuron characteristics such as integration, threshold triggering, output generation, refractory period using floating body MOSFET. The synaptic device has short-term and long-term memory in a single silicon device. In this paper, we connect the neuron circuit and the synaptic device using current mirror circuit for summation of post synaptic pulses. We emulate spike-timing-dependent-plasticity (STDP) characteristics of the synapse using feedback voltage without controller or clock. Using memory device in the logic circuit, we can emulate biological synapse and neuron with a small number of devices.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제54권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2014

Cordyceps is a fungus used as a traditional medicine in China, Japan, and Korea. Paecilomyces (P.) japonica is a new cordyceps that was recently cultivated on silkworm pupae in Korea. The present study evaluated the toxicological effects of P. japonica in rats. Forty rats were treated with oral doses of P. japonica (0, 20, 100, or 500 mg/kg/day) for 4 weeks. Twenty additional rats were treated with 0 or 500 mg/kg/day of P. japonica for 4 weeks and then maintained for 2 weeks without treatment. Clinical signs, body weight, food and water consumption, and organ weight as well as hematology, serum biochemistry, and histopathology data were examined. Body weight gain of the group treated with 500 mg/kg/day was significantly reduced. Microscopically, karyomegaly, single cell necrosis, and mitosis were observed in the renal tubular epithelium of all treated groups. In conclusion, P. japonica caused a reduction of body weight and renal injury in rats. The no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of P. japonica was less than 20 mg/kg/day.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.35-42
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• 2006

'Place' as the spacial concept became now key concept in the environments and architecture from the mid 20th century. The purpose of this study is to explain the placeness in Aldo Rossi's architecture according to space sequence. Aldo Rossi has attempted to apply the typological elements for the restoration of place in the cites and buildings which had ruined by modem architecture. Therefore It would be important for us to find out a method which making placeness in Aldo Rossi's architecture. Experiencing place could be examined by the method of space sequence. The experience of place is related to the experience of the human body in architecture space. The experience of place in space can make a unique placeness of architect. And, the experience of the place through the movement of the body and the vista, is the key elements of space sequence to explain the placeness in architecture. The results of this research are following. (1)Key space which related to movement of human body in Aldo Rossi's architecture make a set consisted of a goal space and the surrounding space. (2)The Arrange of Space and the formation of the boundary is more complex in the dispersed buildings than that of the single building. (3)The typological elements like a courtyard, a cylinder and the axis in the buildings made the goal space and helping people to find the orientation of human body.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.61-78
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• 1988

식이조성에 따른 카드뮴의 장관내 흡수에 미치는 영향을 규명할 목적으로 1988년 4월부터 5월까지 30일간 생쥐 90마리를 사육한 후 에테르 마취로 도살한 뒤 장기를 적출하여 무게를 측정한 후 습식 분해하여 원자흡광분광 광도계로 분석하였다. 다만 카드뮴은 고농도 1회 투여군 ($100{\mu}g$ 경구투여 )과 저농도 자유섭취군 (50ppm 함유음용수 자유섭취)으로 구분하여 각각 카세인, 칼슘 및 우지식이군별로 시험하였다. 생존율은 대조군 (기본사료+증류수)이 $100\%$이었고, IV군 (기본사료+Cd+Ca)의 고농도 1회 및 저농도 자유섭취군과 V군 (기본사료 + Cd + 우지)의 저농도 자유섭취군이 각각 $66.7\%$로 가장 낮았다. 최종 체중증가비는 모두 대조군의 $42.3\%$보다 낮았으며 고농도 1회 투여군에서는 V군이 $26.0\%$로 제일 낮았고 IV군이 $42.3\%$로 가장 높았으며 저농도 자유섭취군에서는 II군(기본사료+카드뮴)이 $11.6\%$로 가장 낮았고 IV군이 $24.0\%$로 제일 높았다. 고농도 1회 투여후 5일까지는 거의 체중증가가 없었으나 그 이후 회복되었고 저농도 자유섭취군은 만성적인 누적으로 체중이 증가하는 미진한 경향이었다. 장기별 무게비는 간장은 고농도 1회투여군과 저농도 자유섭취군 모두 II군이 가장 낮았으며 신장과 비장은 고농도 1회 투여군의 II군이 가장 높았고 저농도 자유섭취군의 II군이 가장 낮았다. 대변으로의 카드뮴 배설은 카드뮴 $100{\mu}g$ 1회 경구투여후 1내지 1내지 2일 사이에 거의 대부분 이루어졌다. 조직에 축적된 카드뮴 함량은 대조군보다 모두 유익하게 높게 나타났으며 간장, 신장 및 근육조직에서 식이별로는 고농도 1회 투여군과 저농도 자유섭취군 모두 II군이 가장 높게 저농도 자유섭취군 모두 II군이 가장 높게 나타났고 피부와 체모를 합한것에서는 고농도 1회 투여군의 II군과 저농도 자유섭취군의 V군이 가장 높은 함량을 보였다. 그리고 저농도 자유섭취군의 각 장기 및 조직의 카드뮴 함량이 고농도 1회 투여군보다 월등히 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 보아 카세인, 칼슘 및 우지첨가식이가 카드뮴의 장관내 흡수를 저지하는 효과가 다소 있음을 알 수 있으며 이중 칼슘식이가 가장 효과가 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.275-288
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• 1999

The purpose of this is providing a simple, relatively errorless body surface area calculation. Subjects were 10 married women and 10 singles women whose age was 20 to 29 years old. The Gypsum method has applied for the sampling of body surface. The Weight method has been used to measure body surface by means of transferring gypsum shape on uniform plane polypropylene films. In this study, compare analyzed errors between the traditional formulas for measuring body surface area and measuring data in this experiment. More than all, it has been to induce a regression equation for measuring body surface area, which is so simple to calculate with less errors, with variable factors as weight and height. The results of this experiment as follows : 1. In the traditional formulas, weight formula was shown high average error : Niya\`s height formula. which was modified K value as 0.62 in the height formula (S = KH) is shown lower average error than Lassabliere\`s Height formula. 2. In the weight-height formula (S=K √WH), it was shown high average error according to the increasing of K value. Kawanami\`s formula, which 5.378 as K value, was shown low average error both the singles and the married women. 3. Dubois weight-heingt formula (S=W/sup a/·H/sub b/·K) was shown low average error than the weight, height, weight-height (S=K√WH) formula. 4. The regression equations with variable factors as weight and height are 156.74W + 86.05H - 660.25 (Single women) and 136.02W + 90.57H - 6241.32 (Married women) the average error and absolute average error to the singles are 0.09%, 0.94% and resoectively -0.13%, 1.16% for the married women.