• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.21-34
• /
• 2015

Source term analysis should be carried out to prepare the decommissioning of the nuclear power plant. In the planning phase of decommissioning, the classification of decommissioning wastes and the cost evaluation are performed based on the results of source term analysis. In this study, the verification of MCNP/ORIGEN-2 model is carried out for preliminary source term calculation for Wolsung Unit 1. The inventories of actinide nuclides and fission products in fuel bundles with different burn-up were obtained by the depletion calculation of MCNPX code modelling the single channel. Two factors affecting the accuracy of source terms were investigated. First, the neutron spectrum effect on neutron induced activation calculation was reflected in one-group microscopic cross-sections of relevant radio-isotopes using the results of MCNP simulation, and the activation source terms calculated by ORIGEN-2 using the neutron spectrum corrected library were compared with the results of the original ORIGEN-2 library (CANDUNAU.LIB) in ORIGEN-2 code package. Second, operation history effect on activation calculation was also investigated. The source terms on both pressure tubes and calandria tubes replaced in 2010 and calandria tank were evaluated using MCNP/ORIGEN-2 with the neutron spectrum corrected library if the decommissioning wastes can be classified as a low level waste.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.79-90
• /
• 2017

Purpose - Cargo Distribution O2O Business Model is the form of business that connects the cargo and empty cargo-truck based on mobile online platform. In Korean cargo distribution market, FIN(Freight Information Network) is the only model that represents O2O Business Model. The purpose of this paper is investigating the recognition of driver who is the only source of income toward cargo distribution O2O Business Model, and based on the investigated recognition of trucker, suggesting strategic implication. Research design, data, and methodology - PESTLE methodology which is massive environment analysis, and 5 Forces Model when analyze the present and future of cargo distribution O2O business market of industrial structure analysis were used as investigation methodology. Also structured questionnaire was used for trucker's recognition investigation. Based on collected 196 structured effective questionnaires organized with 26 questions were analyzed using statistics package. Results - 51.3% of responded driver is non-differentiated, deprofessionalize form that transport all types of cargo. 95.4% recognize cargo distribution O2O Business Model, FIN is needed, especially during back-hall(94.7%). As a payment method, monthly due is preferred(73%), but it is also needed to pay annual due and pay whenever cargo and cargo-truck are connected(24.5%). Trucker prefer FIN operation corporation which has rich supply(85.2%), and is liberal in supply in any domestic area(75.5%). Conclusions - First, 91% was the member of FIN, and 95% of non-member recognized FIN is needed. 83% of them has the intent to be the member of FIN. Second, besides of monthly due as payment method of FIN, 25% has positive recognition toward new payment method. The new payment method means paying annual due and pay whenever cargo and cargo-truck are connected. Third, because of information imbalance about the cargo and cargo-truck among, operators whose business goal is FIN, it was investigated that transportation fee is low and commission charge of broker is high. The core of Korean Cargo Distribution O2O Business Model, FIN, is online platform that matches cargo and cargo-truck. Therefore, FIN operator should minimize the amount of single transportation of trucker. This study suggests the development of shipper using FIN, diversify distribution channel, suggesting backhaul toward trucker as solution to FIN operator.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2017

The applicability of refraction survey has been tested using a wave glider widely used in long-term ocean observations around the world. To record seismic refractions, a single channel streamer with metal weight and a seismic recording system were mounted on the wave glider. We used GPS precise time synchronization signal and radio frequency (RF) communication to synchronize shot and recorder triggers and to control acquired data quality in real time. When the wave glider is positioned close to the set point, a 2,000 J sparker is exploded along the designed track at 2 second intervals. Through the test survey, we were able to successfully acquire refractions from the subsurface.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.120-130
• /
• 2020

This paper solves the problem in underdetermined convolutive mixture by improving the disadvantages of the multichannel nonnegative matrix factorization technique widely used in blind source separation. In conventional researches based on Spatial Covariance Matrix (SCM), each element composed of values such as power gain of single channel and correlation tends to degrade the quality of the separated sources due to high variance. In this paper, level and frequency normalization is performed to effectively cluster the estimated sources. Therefore, we propose a novel SCM and an effective distance function for cluster pairs. In this paper, the proposed SCM is used for the initialization of the spatial model and used for hierarchical agglomerative clustering in the bottom-up approach. The proposed algorithm was experimented using the 'Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign 2008 development dataset'. As a result, the improvement in most of the performance indicators was confirmed by utilizing the 'Blind Source Separation Eval toolbox', an objective source separation quality verification tool, and especially the performance superiority of the typical SDR of 1 dB to 3.5 dB was verified.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.52 no.10
• /
• pp.139-147
• /
• 2015

Steady state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) has been actively studied because of its short training time, relatively higher signal-to-noise ratio, and higher information transfer rate. There are two popular analysis methods for SSVEP signals: power spectral density analysis (PSDA) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA). However, the PSDA is known to be vulnerable to noise due to the use of a single channel. Although conventional CCA is more accurate than PSDA, it may not be appropriate for the real-time SSVEP-based BCI system when it has short time window length because it uses sinusoidal signals as references. Therefore, the two methods are not efficient for the real-time BCI system that requires a short TW and a high recognition accuracy. To overcome this limitation of the conventional methods, this paper proposes a frequency recognition method with a combination of CCA and PSDA using the difference between powers of canonical variables obtained from the results of CCA. Experimental results show that the performance of the combination of CCA and PSDA is better than that of CCA for the case of a short TW.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.17 no.6
• /
• pp.69-78
• /
• 2017

Shannon of the 5G smartphone and Fourier of the signal processing meet in the sampling theorem (2 times the highest frequency 1). In this paper, the initial Shannon Theorem finds the Shannon capacity at the point-to-point, but the 5G shows on the Relay channel that the technology has evolved into Multi Point MIMO. Fourier transforms are signal processing with fixed parameters. We analyzed the performance by proposing a 2N-1 multivariate Fourier-Jacket transform in the multimedia age. In this study, the authors tackle this signal processing complexity issue by proposing a Jacket-based fast method for reducing the precoding/decoding complexity in terms of time computation. Jacket transforms have shown to find applications in signal processing and coding theory. Jacket transforms are defined to be $n{\times}n$ matrices $A=(a_{jk})$ over a field F with the property $AA^{\dot{+}}=nl_n$, where $A^{\dot{+}}$ is the transpose matrix of the element-wise inverse of A, that is, $A^{\dot{+}}=(a^{-1}_{kj})$, which generalise Hadamard transforms and centre weighted Hadamard transforms. In particular, exploiting the Jacket transform properties, the authors propose a new eigenvalue decomposition (EVD) method with application in precoding and decoding of distributive multi-input multi-output channels in relay-based DF cooperative wireless networks in which the transmission is based on using single-symbol decodable space-time block codes. The authors show that the proposed Jacket-based method of EVD has significant reduction in its computational time as compared to the conventional-based EVD method. Performance in terms of computational time reduction is evaluated quantitatively through mathematical analysis and numerical results.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.28-39
• /
• 2010

In this paper, a new method to estimate MU (motor unit) location in the short head of BIC (biceps brachii) muscle using surface EMG (electromyogram) is proposed. The SMUAP (single motor unit action potential) is generated from a MU located at certain depth from the skin surface. The depth is referred as MU location. For estimating muscle force precisely, the information of the MU location is required. The reference SMUAPs are simulated based on anatomical structure of human muscle, and compared with acquired real EMG signals using 3-channel surface EMG electrode. The proposed method was compared with the results of previous researchers and verified its accuracy by computer simulation. From the simulation result in case of the MU located in 8[mm], the average estimation error of proposed method was 0.01[mm]. But the average estimation error of Roeleveld's method was 2.33[mm] and Akazawa's method was 1.70[mm]. Therefore the proposed method was more accurate than the methods of previous researchers.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.60-67
• /
• 2008

A low-power 2.4GHz fractional-N frequency synthesizer has been designed for 2.4GHz ISM band applications such as Bluetooth, Zigbee, and WLAN. To achieve low-power characteristic, the design has been focused on the power optimization of power-hungry blocks such as VCO, prescaler, and ${\Sigma}-{\Delta}$ modulator. An NP-core type VCO is adopted to optimize both phase noise and power consumption. Dynamic D-F/Fs with no static DC current are employed in designing the low-power prescaler circuit. The ${\Sigma}-{\Delta}$ modulator is designed using a modulus mapping circuit for reducing hardware complexity and power consumption. The designed frequency synthesizer which was fabricated using a $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process consumes 7.9mA from a single 1.8V supply voltage. The experimental results show that a phase noise of -118dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset, the reference spur of -70dBc at 25MHz offset, and the channel switching time of $15{\mu}s$ over 25MHz transition have been achieved. The designed chip occupies an area of $1.16mm^2$ including pads where the core area is only $0.64mm^2$.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
• /
• v.39 no.4
• /
• pp.355-355
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we designed a FPU(floating point unit) that it is very important and requires of high density when digital audio is designed. Almost audio system must support the multi-channel and required for high quality. A floating point arithmetic function in MPEG-2 AAC that implemented by hardware is able to realtime decoding when DSP realization. The reason is that MPEG-2 AAC is compatible to the Audio field of MPEG-4 and afterwards. We designed a FPU by hardware to increase the speed of a floating point unit with much calculation part in the MPEG-2 AAC Decoder. A FPU is composed of a multiplier and an adder. A multiplier used the Radix-4 Booth algorithm and an adder adopted 1's complement method for speed up. A form of a floating point unit has 8bit of exponent part and 24bit of mantissa. It's compatible with the IEEE single precision format and adopted a pipeline architecture to increase the speed of a processor. All of sub blocks are based on ISO/IEC 13818-7 standard. The algorithm is tested by C language and the design does by use of VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language). The maximum operation speed is 23.2MHz and the stable operation speed is 19MHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.28 no.10
• /
• pp.769-778
• /
• 2017

In this paper, a self-interference signal cancellation(SIC) circult for In-band Full-Duplex has been developed and tested in RF/analog region. By use of this SIC circuit, a FM two-way radio has been developed working at FRS(Family Radio Service) band. The two-way radio device is transmitting the FM modulated signal and demodulating the wanted FM signal at the same time. A circulator is used to enable a single antenna to transmit and receive simuultaenously. The receiver circuit needs to cancel out the self-interference signal due to the transmit signal. A vector modulator(VM) is used to control the phase and magnitude of the esitmated signal. And in-phase and quadrature correlators are used to figure out the optimal coefficients of the VM to remove the self-interference signal according to the change of channel environment. In this work, SA58646 has been used as the FM transceiver, and the system is tested with a frequency of 465 MHz and a bandwidth of 12.5 kHz FM signal. The output power is 17.2 dBm at the antenna port, and the self intererence signal level is measured -49.2 dBm at the receiver end. Therefore the SIC level is measured by 66.4 dB.