• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전자공학회 2006년도 하계종합학술대회
• /
• pp.241-242
• /
• 2006

MPEG Surround is an audio coding technology that represents multi-channel audio signal with downmixed audio signal(s) and very low bitrate side information based on Binaural Cue Coding. The side information consists of Inter-Channel Level Difference, Inter-Channel Correlation, and payloads. These two parameters are correspondent to the well-known spatial parameters in psycho-acoustics, Inter-aural Level Difference (ILD) and Inter-Aural Cross Correlation (IACC). Though ICLD is to provide perceptually equivalent ILD to the listener, however, the ILD of the original multi-channel audio signal and that of the MPEG Surround encoded signal was different. The difference between two ILD values is defined as ILD Distortion (ILDD). This paper provides how ILDD can be applied to enhance sound quality in MPEG Surround and how much ILDD is decreased.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.27-35
• /
• 2021

NAND flash memory-based SSD needs an internal software, Flash Translation Layer(FTL) to provide traditional block device interface to the host because of its physical constraints, such as erase-before-write and large erase block. However, because useful host-side information cannot be delivered to FTL through the narrow block device interface, SSDs suffer from a variety of problems such as increasing garbage collection overhead, large tail-latency, and unpredictable I/O latency. Otherwise, the new type of SSD, open-channel SSD exposes the internal structure of SSD to the host so that underlying NAND flash memory can be managed directly by the host-level FTL. Especially, I/O data classification by using host-side information can achieve the reduction of garbage collection overhead. In this paper, we propose a new scheme to reduce garbage collection overhead of open-channel SSD by separating the journal from other file data for the journaling filesystem. Because journal has different lifespan with other file data, the Write Amplification Factor (WAF) caused by garbage collection can be reduced. The proposed scheme is implemented by modifying the host-level FTL of Linux and evaluated with both Fio and Filebench. According to the experiment results, the proposed scheme improves I/O performance by 46%~50% while reducing the WAF of open-channel SSDs by more than 33% compared to the previous one.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.135-144
• /
• 2022

An antidiabetic drug, rosiglitazone is a member of the drug class of thiazolidinedione. Although restrictions on use due to the possibility of heart toxicity have been removed, it is still a drug that is concerned about side effects on the heart. We here examined, using Chinese hamster ovary cells, the action of rosiglitazone on Kv1.5 channels, which is a major determinant of the duration of cardiac action potential. Rosiglitazone rapidly and reversibly inhibited Kv1.5 currents in a concentrationdependent manner (IC₅₀ = 18.9 μM) and accelerated the decay of Kv1.5 currents without modifying the activation kinetics. In addition, the deactivation of Kv1.5 current, assayed with tail current, was slowed by the drug. All of the results as well as the usedependence of the rosiglitazone-mediated blockade indicate that rosiglitazone acts on Kv1.5 channels as an open channel blocker. This study suggests that the cardiac side effects of rosiglitazone might be mediated in part by suppression of Kv1.5 channels, and therefore, raises a concern of using the drug for diabetic therapeutics.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제2권5호
• /
• pp.549-553
• /
• 1998

Using the planar lipid bilayer method, we investigated the effect of d-tubocurarine (dTC) on the extracellular side of large-conductance $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+$ channel from rat brain. When the initial open probability (Po) of the channel was relatively high, dTC decreased channel activity in a concentration dependent manner. In contrast, when the initial Po was lower, sub-micro molar dTC increased channel activity by destabilizing the closed states of the channel. Further addition of dTC up to micro molar range decreased channel activity. This dual effect of dTC implicates that there exist at least two different binding sites for dTC.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
• /
• 제3권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2003

Highly reproducible side-wall process for the fabrication of the fine gate length as small as 40nm was developed. This process was utilized to fabricate 40nm InGaAs HEMTs with the 65% strained channel. With the usage of the dual $SiO_2$ and $SiN_x$ dielectric layers and the proper selection of the etching gas, the final gate length (Lg) was insensitive to the process conditions such as the dielectric over-etching time. From the microwave measurement up to 40GHz, extrapolated fT and fmax as high as 371 and 345 GHz were obtained, respectively. We believe that the developed side-wall process would be directly applicable to finer gate fabrication, if the initial line length is lessened below the l00nm range.

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2020

This paper investigates the influence of the Circulating Water Channel (CWC) side wall and support struts on the hydrodynamic coefficient prediction for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) experiments. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) method has been used to model the CWC tests. The hydrodynamic coefficients estimated by CFD are compared with the prediction of experiments to verify the accuracy of simulations. In order to study the effect of side wall on the hydrodynamic characteristics of the AUV in full scale captive model tests, this paper uses the CWC non-dimensional width parameters to quantify the correlation between the CWC width and hydrodynamic coefficients of the chosen model. The result shows that the hydrodynamic coefficients tend to be constant with the CWC width parameters increasing. Moreover, the side wall has a greater effect than the struts.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물물리학회 1996년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
• /
• pp.36-36
• /
• 1996

The activities of Maxi-K channels were recorded using inside-out patches. The application of 30 nM of non-specific G protein activator, GTP $\gamma$S, to the intracellular side of the channels increases the channel activities about 3-fold, indicating that there exist some G proteins within the patch membranes to regulate the channel activities. (omitted)

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
• /
• 제47권6호
• /
• pp.66-74
• /
• 2010

최근 부호화기의 성능 및 전력이 제한된 환경을 위한 비디오 부호화 기술로 분산 비디오 부호화 기술 (DVC : Distributed Video Coding)이 각광받고 있으며, Wyner-Ziv (WZ) 부호화 기술은 이의 대표적인 기술이다. WZ 부호화기는 기존 인트라 부호화 기술과 채널 부호를 사용하여 각각 키 (key)프레임과 WZ 프레임을 독립적으로 부호화한다. WZ 복호화기는 프레임 간 시간적 유사도를 기반으로, 복호화 된 키 프레임으로부터 보조 정보 (Side Information)를 생성한다. 보조 정보는 가상의 채널 잡음이 존재하는 WZ 프레임으로 간주되고, 가상의 채널 잡음은 채널 부호 복호화 과정을 통해 제거된다. 따라서 WZ 부호화 기술의 성능은 채널 부호의 성능에 크게 좌우된다. 현존하는 채널 부호 중 LPDC 채널 부호와 Turbo 채널 부호는 강력한 에러 정정 능력을 가지고 있으며, 확률적인 계산을 기반으로 반복적인 복호화 알고리즘을 수행하는 것이 특징이다. 하지만 반복적인 복호화 과정은 상당히 소모적인 과정으로 WZ 복호화기의 복잡도를 증가시킨다. 실제 WZ 부호화 기술에 LDPCA 채널 부호를 사용한 경우, WZ 복호화기 전체 복잡도에서 채널 복호화 과정이 차지하는 비율은 평균 60%에 이른다. 채널 복호화 과정 복잡도의 감소를 위해 채널 부호 분야에서 제안되었던 HDA (Hard Decision Aided) 방법을 LDPCA 채널 부호에 적용할 경우, 채널 복호화 과정의 복잡도는 상당히 줄어든다. 하지만 HDA 방법 적용을 위해 설정할 경계치에 따라 율 왜곡 측면에서 상당한 성능 저하가 있을 수 있으며. 적정 경계치는 영상마다 각각 다르다. 이에 본 논문에서는 영상의 특성에 따라 경계치가 설정되는 적응적 HDA 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 적정 율 왜곡 성능을 유지하며, 채널 복호화 과정 및 WZ 복호화 과정에서 각각 약 62%, 32%의 시간 절감 성능을 보인다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제40권3호
• /
• pp.277-286
• /
• 2007

사다리꼴단면을 가진 광정횡월류위어에서의 흐름특성을 3차원 수치모의를 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구결과， 본류 수로의 푸르드수가 증가함에 따라 월류유량비와 횡월류 유량계수는 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 그리고 횡월류 유량이 증가하면서 월류부 하류 수로의 주흐름구간은 축소되며，횡윌류위어의 대안 측에 형성되는 재순환영역의 크기는 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 횡월류위어 측에서의 주흐름방향 수위분포는 위어 시점부에서 급격히 하강하여 점차 증가하다 위어 종점부에서 급격히 상승했다 하강하는 양상을 보이는데, 위어 종점부에서 수위가 급히 상승하는 원인은 위어의 종점부가 흐름의 장애물로 작용하기 때문이다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정밀공학회 2004년도 추계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.1462-1465
• /
• 2004

A new method to fabricate metal electrodes on side wall of the microchannel is presented. Coulter counter allows to count the number of cell passing through the microchannel by detecting impedance variation between two electrodes. The relative position of two electrodes is important for sensitivity of impedance measurement. 100nm thick Al electrodes are deposited on the channel side wall by means of shadow evaporation.