• 제목/요약/키워드: Shandong

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중국에서 알기생봉 Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae)의 꽃매미 Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) 알에 대한 기생율 (Parasitism Rate of Egg Parasitoid Anastatus orientalis (Hymenoptera: Eupelmidae) on Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) in China)

  • 최만영;;;;;김정환;변영웅
    • 한국응용곤충학회지
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    • 제53권2호
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    • pp.135-139
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    • 2014
  • 꽃매미(Lycorma delicatula)의 천적인 벼룩좀벌 일종(Anastatus orientalis Yang et Gibson(Hymenoptera : Eupelmidae))의 자연 상태에서 기생율을 조사한 결과: (1) 산동성 Yantai 에서 가장 높은 69.0%의 꽃매미 난괴가 기생 당하였고; (2) 최고 기생율은 33.0%로 북경시 하이디엔(Haidian) 지역에서 관찰되었고; (3) 기생봉의 알은 산시성의 양링(Yangling)에서 가장 빨리 부화하였으며, 천진시의 옌타이(Yantai)와 광앙(Guangang) 지역, 하북성의 친황다오(Qinhuangdao), 하이디엔(Haidian)에서 약간의 차이를 보였으며; (4) 성비는 채집된 지역에 따라 1.3에서 1.9로 다양하였고; (5) 꽃매미 난괴에 대한 기생율은 기주식물인 Populus sp., Salix sp. Toona sinensis에서 유의할 만한 차이가 관찰되지 않았으며, 최고기생율은 T. sinensis에서 64.3%로 나타났고, Ailanthus altissima에서는 27.4%로 가장 낮았다. (6) 꽃매미 알에 대해서도 꽃매미 알이 발견된 기주식물별로 차이가 없었고, 평균 30.0%의 기생율을 나타냈다.

한국어의 양태 표현 교육 연구 : 한국어 '-(으)ㄹ 수 있다'와 중국어 '능(能)'의 대조를 중심으로 (A Study on the Teaching and Learning of Korean Modality Expressions)

  • 강비
    • 한국교육논총
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    • 제40권1호
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    • pp.17-42
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    • 2019
  • 양태는 화자의 심리적 태도이다. 언어마다 사용된 문장은 양태를 포함한다고 할 수 있다. 전통적으로 양태는 인식양태와 의무양태로 분류할 수 있다. 본 연구는 한국어 양태 이론을 개관하고 이를 토대로 양태의 개념과 하위분류를 선정하였다. 아울러 본격적인 양태 표현의 의미, 기능 대조를 위해 한국어와 중국어의 양태 실현 양상을 밝혔다. 또한, 한국어의 양태 표현 '-(으)ㄹ 수 있다'와 이에 대응되는 중국어의 양태 조동사 '능(能)'을 통사적, 의미적, 화용적 측면에서 대조 분석하고 이를 바탕으로 양태 표현의 효과적인 교수·학습 방안을 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 한국어 양태 표현은 화자의 주관적 태도를 나타내는 문법 요소로서 한국어 교재에서 매우 중요하게 다루고 있으며 많은 문법 항목이 이 양태에 속한다. 한국어의 양태 표현은 유사점이 많고 의미와 기능이 다양하기 때문에 중국인 학습자들이 학습했더라도 사용하기 어려운 문법이다. 따라서 본고는 대조 분석을 통해 중국인 학습자를 위한 효과적인 교수·학습 방안을 제시하고, 이를 활용한 한국어 양태 표현의 실제 교수·학습 모형을 구안하였다. 따라서 한국어 교육에서 양태 표현의 문법 교육 내용을 구성하는 데 도움이 될 것으로 기대한다.

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Molecular Cloning and Function Analysis of an Anthocyanidin Synthase Gene from Ginkgo biloba, and Its Expression in Abiotic Stress Responses

  • Xu, Feng;Cheng, Hua;Cai, Rong;Li, Lin Ling;Chang, Jie;Zhu, Jun;Zhang, Feng Xia;Chen, Liu Ji;Wang, Yan;Cheng, Shu Han;Cheng, Shui Yuan
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • 제26권6호
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    • pp.536-547
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    • 2008
  • Anthocyanidin synthase (ANS, leucoanthocyanidin oxygenase), a 2-oxoglutarate iron-dependent oxygenase, catalyzed the penultimate step in the biosynthesis of the anthocyanin class of flavonoids, from the colorless leucoanthocyanidins to the colored anthocyanidins. The full-length cDNA and genomic DNA sequences of ANS gene (designated as GbANS) were isolated from Ginkgo biloba for the first time. The full-length cDNA of GbANS contained a 1062-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a 354-amino-acid protein. The genomic DNA analysis showed that GbANS gene had three exons and two introns. The deduced GbANS protein showed high identities to other plant ANSs. The conserved amino acids (H-X-D) ligating ferrous iron and residues (R-X-S) participating in 2-oxoglutarate binding were found in GbANS at the similar positions like other ANSs. Southern blot analysis indicated that GbANS belonged to a multi-gene family. The expression analysis by real-time PCR showed that GbANS expressed in a tissue-specific manner in G. biloba. GbANS was also found to be up-regulated by all of the six tested abiotic stresses, UV-B, abscisic acid, sucrose, salicylic acid, cold and ethylene, consistent with the promoter region analysis of GbANS. The recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli strain with pET-28a vector. The in vitro enzyme activity assay by HPLC indicated that recombinant GbANS protein could catalyze the formation the cyanidin from leucocyanidin and conversion of dihydroquercetin to quercetin, suggesting GbANS is a bifunctional enzyme within the anthocyanidin and flavonol biosynthetic pathway.

Association Between the GSTP1 Codon 105 Polymorphism and Gastric Cancer Risk: an Updated Meta-analysis

  • Bao, Li-Dao;Niu, Jian-Xiang;Song, Hui;Wang, Yi;Ma, Rui-Lian;Ren, Xian-Hua;Wu, Xin-Lin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권8호
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    • pp.3687-3693
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    • 2012
  • Objective: The current meta-analysis was performed to address a more accurate estimation of the association between glutathione S-transferase P1 (GSTP1) codon 105 polymorphism and risk of gastric cancer (GC), which has been widely reported with conflicting results. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify all the relevant studies. Fixed or random effect models were selected based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was estimated using Begg's funnel plots and Egger's regression test. Results: A total of 20 studies containing 2,821 GC cases and 6,240 controls were finally included in the analyses. Overall, no significant association between GSTP1 polymorphism and GC risk was observed in worldwide populations. However, subgroup analysis stratified by ethnicity showed that GSTP1 polymorphism was significantly associated with increased risk of GC in Asians (G vs. A, OR = 1.273, 95%CI=1.011-1.605; GG vs. AA, OR=2.103, 95%CI=1.197-3.387; GG vs. AA+AG, OR =2.103, 95%CI=1.186-3.414). In contrast, no significant association was found in Caucasians in any genetic models, except for with AG vs. AA (OR=0.791, 95%CI=0.669-0.936). Furthermore, the GSTP1 polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with GC in patients with H. pylori infection and in those with a cardiac GC. Subgroup analysis stratified by Lauren's classification and smoking status showed no significant association with any genetic model. No studies were found to significantly influence the pooled effects in each genetic mode, and no potential publication bias was detected. Conclusion: This meta-analysis suggested that the GSTP1 polymorphism might be associated with increased risk of GC in Asians, while GSTP1 heterozygote genotype seemed to be associated with reduced risk of GC. Since potential confounders could not be ruled out completely, further studies are needed to confirm these results.

An Updated Meta-analysis and System Review:is Gemcitabine+Fluoropyrimidine in Combination a Better Therapy Versus Gemcitabine Alone for Advanced and Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer?

  • Tu, Chao;Zheng, Feng;Wang, Jin-Yu;Li, Yuan-Yuan;Qian, Ke-Qing
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제16권14호
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    • pp.5681-5686
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    • 2015
  • Background: Pancreatic cancer ranks fourth in deaths caused by cancers throughout the world. Gemcitabine chemotherapy is the primary method of treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer, and in asco2014, it is still firstline chemotherapy. Howeve,r gemcitabine+fluorouracil regimens are also licensed and widely used worldwide. Clinical trials are the best way to evaluate drug efficacy. In this study, we performed a systematic review and a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to assess whether gemcitabine+fluoropyrimidine combination therapy improves the prognosis of unresectable pancreatic cancer compared with gemcitabine treatment alone. Materials and Methods: A quantitative up-to-date meta-analysis was undertaken to investigate the efficacy of gemcitabine-based combination treatment compared with gemcitabine monotherapy for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic cancer. Inclusion was limited to high-quality randomized clinical trials. Results: A total of 12 studies were included in the present analysis, with a total of 3,038 patients recruited. The studies were divided into three subgroups including 5-FU / CAP / S-1 combined with gemcitabine. For the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS), gemcitabine-based combination therapy demonstrated significantly better outcome (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.95) than gemcitabine monotherapy. The analysis of progression free survival (PFS) also provided a significant result for the combined therapy in a total of 8 trials (2,130 patients) (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.86). With subgroup analysis according to the method of dosing delivery, we found that in the injection group with 3 trials (889 patients), a negative result was found (HR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.77-1.12); while a positive result was observed in the oral group with 9 trials (2,149 patients) (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.80-0.95). Conclusions: Gemcitabine combination therapy provides a modest improvement of survival, but is associated with more toxicity compared with gemcitabine monotherapy.

Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Awareness, Acceptability, and Decision-Making Factors among Chinese College Students

  • Wang, Shao-Ming;Zhang, Shao-Kai;Pan, Xiong-Fei;Ren, Ze-Fang;Yang, Chun-Xia;Wang, Zeng-Zhen;Gao, Xiao-Hong;Li, Man;Zheng, Quan-Qing;Ma, Wei;Zhao, Fang-Hui;Qiao, You-Lin;Sivasubramaniam, Priya
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제15권7호
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    • pp.3239-3245
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    • 2014
  • Background: College students are recommended as the target groups for catch-up human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination. Systematical exploration of awareness, acceptability, and decision-making factors of HPV vaccination among Chinese college students has been limited. Materials and Methods: A multi-center survey was conducted in mainland China between November 2011 and May 2012. College students aged 18-22 years were stratified by their grade, gender, and major for sampling. Socio-demographic and HPV-related information such as knowledge, perceptions, acceptability, and attitudes were collected through a questionnaire. Results: A total of 3,497 undergraduates completed the questionnaire, among which 1,686 were males. The acceptability of the HPV vaccine was high (70.8%). Undergraduates from high-level universities, at lower grade, or with greater prior knowledge of HPV vaccines showed higher acceptability of HPV vaccination ($p_{trend}$ <0.001). Additionally, undergraduates with vaccination experience outside the National Expanded Program on Immunization (OR=1.29; 95%CI: 1.10-1.51) or fear of HPV-related diseases (OR=2.79; 95%CI: 2.28-3.41) were more willing to accept HPV vaccination. General knowledge of HPV vaccine was low among undergraduates, and safety was a major concern (71.05%). The majority of students wished to pay less than 300RMB for HPV vaccine and chose the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention as the most appropriate venue for vaccination. Conclusions: Although most undergraduates demonstrate positive attitudes towards HPV vaccination, challenges pertaining to introduction exist in China. Corresponding proactive education and governmental subsidy to do so are urgently needed by this age-group population. Suggestions and potential strategies indicated may help shape the future HPV vaccination program in China.

Effect of Thyroid Hormones on the Redox Balance of Broiler Chickens

  • Lin, H.;Decuypere, E.;Buyse, J.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제21권6호
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    • pp.794-800
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    • 2008
  • In the present study, two trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of hyper- and hypothyroid status on the redox balance of broiler chickens. In Trial 1, 3 groups of broiler chickens were randomly subjected to one of the three treatments: subcutaneous administration of triiodothyronine (T3, $150{\mu}g/kg$ BW), methimazole (MMI, 150 mg/kg BW), or saline. The blood, liver and heart were sampled at 3 h after injection. In Trial 2, three groups of 20 broiler chickens were randomly fed with one of the three diets: control, dietary supplementation of T3 (1.5 mg/kg diet) or MMI (1 g/kg diet) for 7 days. In trial 1, the plasma concentrations of T3 and T3 to thyronine ratio (T3/T4) were significantly increased by T3 injection. Plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) tended to be increased (p = 0.067) by both T3 and MMI treatments while the ferric reduced/antioxidant capacity (FRAP) was increased only by MMI treatment. Acute T3 treatment had no significant effect on the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the concentrations of FRAP and TBARS in either liver or heart tissue. In contrast, the hepatic activities of SOD were decreased (p<0.05) while the cardiac levels of FRAP were significantly increased (p<0.0001) by MMI treatment. In chronic treatments, the rectal temperature of chickens was significantly decreased (p<0.05) by MMI treatment. The circulating T3 levels were significantly increased (p<0.05) by long-term T3 treatment, and showed a trend to decrease in MMI treatment. The plasma concentrations of TBARS were significantly (p<0.05) increased by MMI treatment. All the redox parameters measured in either liver or heart were not significantly altered by either long-term T3 or MMI treatment except that the hepatic SOD activities were significantly augmented by T3 treatment. The result showed that neither acute nor long-term elevation of circulating T3 levels induced lipid peroxidation in broiler chickens. The enhanced enzymatic antioxidant system (SOD in cardiac tissue) may be involved in the protection of the bird to increased oxidative challenge. The responses of redox balance to changed thyroid state seem to be tissue specific.

A Multi-center Survey of HPV Knowledge and Attitudes Toward HPV Vaccination among Women, Government Officials, and Medical Personnel in China

  • Zhao, Fang-Hui;Tiggelaar, Sarah M.;Hu, Shang-Ying;Zhao, Na;Hong, Ying;Niyazi, Mayinuer;Gao, Xiao-Hong;Ju, Li-Rong;Zhang, Li-Qin;Feng, Xiang-Xian;Duan, Xian-Zhi;Song, Xiu-Ling;Wang, Jing;Yang, Yun;Li, Chang-Qin;Liu, Jia-Hua;Liu, Ji-Hong;Lu, Yu-Bo;Li, Li;Zhou, Qi;Liu, Jin-Feng;Xu, Li-Na;Qiao, You-Lin
    • Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.2369-2378
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    • 2012
  • Objectives: To assess knowledge of HPV and attitudes towards HPV vaccination among the general female population, government officials, and healthcare providers in China to assist the development of an effective national HPV vaccination program. Methods: A cross-sectional epidemiologic survey was conducted across 21 urban and rural sites in China using a short questionnaire. 763 government officials, 760 healthcare providers, and 11,681 women aged 15-59 years were included in the final analysis. Data were analyzed using standard descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Knowledge of HPV among the general female population was low; only 24% had heard of HPV. Less than 20% of healthcare providers recognized sexually na$\ddot{i}$ve women as the most appropriate population for HPV vaccination. There was high acceptance of the HPV vaccine for all categories of respondents. Only 6% of women were willing to pay more than US $300 for the vaccine. Conclusions: Aggressive education is necessary to increase knowledge of HPV and its vaccine. Further proof of vaccine safety and efficacy and government subsidies combined with increased awareness could facilitate development and implementation of HPV vaccination in China.

한류 이미지가 한국교육상품의 구매의도에 미치는 영향 -중국대학생들의 몰입도의 조절효과를 중심으로- (Effects of Korean Wave Image Influences on the Purchase Intention of Korean Educational Product -Focus on the Controlling Effects of Engagement in Chinese University Students-)

  • 김성필;김송죽;이민순
    • 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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    • 제13권2호
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    • pp.460-474
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 중국에서 한류의 이미지가 국가이미지와 한국교육상품 구매의도에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 검증하고 한류이미지가 한국교육상품 구매의도에 영향을 가질 때 몰입도의 조절효과를 실증하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위해, 중국 산동성 소재의 대학교에서 한류에 대해 인지하고 있는 중국 국적의 대학생을 대상으로 설문을 실시하여 총 315개의 설문지를 본 연구에 사용하였다. 분석결과, 한류의 인지적이미지가 한류의 정서적 이미지, 국가이미지 및 교육상품 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한, 한류의 정서적 이미지는 국가이미지 및 교육상품 구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 특히, 인지적이미지는 정서적이미지 보다 국가이미지에 미치는 영향이 높았다. 이러한 결과는 한류를 적극적으로 활용하여 국가이미지향상과 더불어 한국교육산업의 대중국으로의 활로를 모색해야 한다는 마케팅적 시사점을 제시하고 있다. 중국 내에서의 한류의 이미지를 활성화하기 위해서는 정부적 차원에서의 전 방위적인 한국드라마 등과 같은 문화콘텐츠 육성정책이 긍정적으로 검토되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

어린이 영양지수(NQ-C)를 이용한 중국 일부 어린이의 식행동 실태 평가 (Assessment of dietary behavior of Chinese children using nutrition quotient for children)

  • 황예순;김혜영
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.342-350
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구는 한국영양학회 한국암웨이에서 2012년에 개발한 어린이 영양지수 (NQ-C, Nutrition Quotient for Children) 설문지를 이용하여 중국 산동성과 강수성 지역 초등학교 5, 6학년어린이 336명 (남학생: 166명, 여학생: 170명)의 식 행동을 살펴보고자 수행하였고, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다.1) 어린이의 평균 영양 지수 (NQ) 점수는 백점 만점에 69.5점으로 양호한 수준이었고, 성별에 따른 차이는 없었다. 개별영역별로는 균형점수 58.8점, 절제점수 84.9점, 다양점수 63.6점, 규칙점수 76.1점, 실천점수 73.6점으로 나타났다. 영역별 진단기준치와 비교해볼 때, 어린이들의 평균균형, 절제, 규칙, 실천 점수는 기준치에 비해 양호한 편이었으나, 다양 점수는 진단기준치에 미치지 못하였다. 2) 어린이 영양지수의 최상위 등급은 13.7%, 상위등급은 23.5%, 중위 등급은 50.3%, 하위는 9.5%, 최하위 등급은 3.0%로 나타나서 최상위와 상위 등급의 비율이 기대치인 10%와 15%를 넘었고, 반면 하위와 최하위 등급의 비율은 기대치보다 더 적어서 바람직한 모습을 보였으며, 남녀 간의 유의차는 없었다. 3) 아버지의 학력은 어린이의 균형 점수, 규칙 점수와 상관성이 있었고, NQ 점수와도 유의적인 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 어머니의 학력도 아버지와 비슷하게 균형 점수, 규칙 점수와 양의 상관관계를 보였고, 어머니가 취업을 한 경우 어린이의 규칙점수가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 4) 조사대상자의 1일 운동 시간이 증가할수록 NQ 점수가 유의적으로 높았고, 하루에 1시간 이상 운동을 하는 학생들은 운동을 하지 않는 학생들보다 균형, 다양, 규칙, 실천 영역의 점수가 유의적으로 높았다. 본 연구의 결과를 종합해 볼 때, 중국 중소도시 어린이의 영양지수 평균 점수는 69.5점으로 양호하였고, 균형, 절제, 규칙, 실천 점수는 양호하지만, 다양성 점수는 개선이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 한국에서 개발된 어린이 영양지수(NQ-C) 설문지는 비슷한 생활 패턴을 가진 중국 초등학생 의 식행동 실태 평가에 활용이 가능한 것으로 사료되며, 조사대상 지역에 따라 영양지수 점수와 영역별 점수가 다르게 나타나므로, NQ-C를 활용한 영양상태 평가 후에 각 지역에 맞는 영양교육 프로그램을 개발하는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다.