• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.179-189
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• 2023

Purpose: This scoping review investigated the content and quality of YouTube videos on women's health. Methods: A literature search of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, ERIC, and RISS databases was performed using the keywords "('youtube'/exp OR youtube OR 'social media'/exp OR 'social media' OR (('social'/exp OR social) AND ('media'/exp OR media))) AND ('female health care' OR (('female'/exp OR female) AND ('health'/exp OR health) AND ('care'/exp OR care)))" from February 21 to 27, 2023. Peer-reviewed analytic studies in English or Korean that focused on women's health using YouTube were included. Results: The review identified 21 articles that covered various themes related to women's health, such as breast cancer, urinary disease, sexual health, pelvic organ prolapse, the human papillomavirus vaccine, Papanikolaou smears, contraception, women's health information during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, obstetric epidural anesthesia, and placenta accreta. However, the overall quality of the content was low, inaccurate, unreliable, and misleading. Conclusion: This scoping review demonstrated that YouTube videos on women's health covered diverse topics, but the quality of the content needed improvement. More reliable and high-quality videos produced by academic institutes and healthcare professionals specializing in women's health are needed for social media to be usable as a reliable source of women's health information. The high number of views and shares received by the videos underscores the importance of providing accurate and reliable information on women's health.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.97-103
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• 1999

The enzyme steroid $5{\alpha}-reductase$ is responsible for the conversion of testosterone into the most potent androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In man, this steroid acts on a variety of androgen-responsive target tissues to mediate such diverse endocrine processes as male sexual differentiation in the fetus and prostatic growth in men. Androgen levels in the prostate may influence carcinogenesis in this organ. The use of a $5{\alpha}-reductase$ inhibitor, finasteride, in the chemoprevention of prostate cancer is being evaluated in a clinical trial and have been used successfully for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Therefore, for the discovery of $5{\alpha}-reductase$ type 2 inhibitors, we have evaluated the inhibitory effects of solvent fractionated extracts of natural products on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ type 2 activity. We have tested approximately 80 kinds of natural products after partition into n-hexane, ethyl acetate and aqueous layers from 100% methanol extracts of plants. The ethyl acetate fractions of Perilla sikokiana $(seed,\;IC_{50}\;:\;6.2\;ug/ml)$, Sophora flavescens $(root,\;IC_{50}\;:\;8.9\;ug/ml)$, and Angelica tenuissima $(root,\;IC_{50}\;:\;11.7\;ug/ml)$ revealed inhibitory effects on $5{\alpha}-reductase$ 2 activity in LNCaP cells. The effective ethyl acetate fractions of Perilla sikokiana, Sophora flavescens, Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, and Angelica tenuissima were subfractionated by column chromatography and tested. The subfractions $F4\;(IC_{50}\;:\;1.1\;ug/ml),\;F5\;(IC_{50}\;:\;2.0\;ug/ml),\;and\;F6\;(IC_{50}\;:\;5.8\;ug/ml)$ of the ethyl acetate fraction of Perilla sikokiana and the subfraction $F8\;(IC_{50}\;:\;5.3\;ug/ml)$ of the ethyl acetate fraction of Sophora flavescens displayed greater inhibition of $5{\alpha}-reductase$ type 2 than did finasteride in LNCaP cells. These active fractions are under the process of further sequential fractionation to find the effective pure compounds against $5{\alpha}-reductase$ 2 activity.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

우리나라 고유종인 각시붕어 Rhodeus uyekii의 이용을 위한 연구의 일환으로 동속의 유사종으로 알려진 떡납줄갱이 R. notatus와 상호 교잡을 실시하였다. 이들 두 종은 난의 형태와 크기에 있어 뚜렷한 차이를 보여 잘 구분되었으며, 초기 자어의 난황 형태에 있어서도 각시붕어는 콩깍지모양인 반면 떡납줄갱이는 닻 형이어서 잘 구분되었다. 한편 종간 상호 교잡은 수정율과 부화율에 있어서 정상 교배군과 큰 차이가 없을 정도로 자유로워 UN형이 부화율 71.6%이었으며, NU형이 부화율 97.5%에 달했다. 교잡체의 부화 자어 형태는 UN형에 있어서 극 소수이지만 UU형이 출현하여 주목되었으나 대부분 NN형이 우세한 중간형태이었고, NU형에 있어서는 NN형이 전혀 출현하지 않았고 모두 UU형이 우세한 중간형태로 부계 형질이 우선하는 것으로 사료되었다. 이들 교잡체는 현재 사육중으로 추후 외부형태, 성별 구분, 생식소 기능, 핵형 등을 분석할 예정이다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2000

Jiu Qi(九氣) was shown at Ju Tong Lun(擧痛論) in Shao Wen(素問) Huang Ti Nei Ching(黃帝內經), and is nine important factors that affect the function of human body. Jiu Qi concludes endogenous, exogenous, non-endo-exogenous factors. I do the bibliographical study on the Jiu Qi, the results were as follows; 1. The Qi of Jiu Qi has two opposite meanings. one is genuine vital energy(正氣), and the other is the factors causing abnormal state in vital energy. Jiu Qi is nine factors concluding coldness-heat(exogenous factors). six emotional factors(endogenous factor), overworking(non -endo-exogenous factor). 2. Anger may lead to abnormal rising of vital energy. Anger causes Qi of the liver to go perversely upward, and perverted flow of exuberant Qi of the liver lead to dysfunction of the spleen, so resulted in hematemesis, diarrhea, indigestion. 3. Joy can promote the harmony of vital energy and blood, so do the circulation of nutrient and defensive energy in physiological state. But an excessive joy may lead to the sluggishness of vital energy. 4. The lung keeps the pathway of air unconstructed, disseminates vital energy, cleanses the inspired air and keeps vital energy flowing downward. Sorrow affects on the function of the lung and the heart, so could result in obstruction of the circulation of nutrient and defensive energy. An excessive sorrow after stagnation may lead to the consumption of vital energy. 5. Fear makes vital energy and essence of the kidney sink to inward and downside, makes Yang-Qi can't go upward, so causes obstruction of triple wanner. An excessive fear can obstructs the ascending of Yang-Qi, so may lead to the abnormal falling of vital energy. 6. Coldness makes the sweat pore be contracted, so obstructs the circulation of triple warmer, causes sluggishness of defensive energy or Qi of the internal organ. 7. Heat makes the sweat pore be open, much amount of sweat is excreted with Yang-Qi, defensive energy, vital energy. Heat may consume vital energy. 8. Sudden fright affects on spirits of the heart and liver, causes disorder of the mental faculties and separation of blood and vital energy. Fright may lead to disorder of Qi. 9. Overwork concludes overfatigue and exhaustion caused by intemperance in sexual life. Overwork renders vital energy consumed, and hence results in lassitude and listlessness. 10. Thinking affects on the function of the heart and the spleen. Over thinking may lead to depression of vital energy. Through the bibliographical study on Jiu Qi, I got smallest amount of it, and this must be more investigated correlating with clinical study.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.540-547
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• 2009

There needs disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Then traditional Chinese medicine applies various medical diagnostic equipments used in western medicine to diagnosing sub-healthy state. But such data are not originated from inherent oriental medicine, and not obtained easily in ordinary clinical practice. This paper is to provide synopsis of the ante-disease diagno-therapeutics partly and to show predictable data based on the facial shapes and signs, especially of gall bladder's versus bladder's body and masculine versus feminine shape. Ante-disease means not only the complete healthy state, but also the state unseen any symptoms in macrographically in the course of outbreak of disease. It contains two stages, first one is the former state of disease and second one is untransmitted state of disease. The patterns of ante-disease consist of latent disease, pre-disease, transmission type like senescent syndrome, abnormal reactive syndrome(變證), syndrome of transmission and transmutation. The classification with gall bladder and bladder type manifests the differences of shape, color and size of each organ in comparison of the universal and standard figures of the human being. On the other hand, the classification with masculine and feminine shape contrasts the innate sexual difference and the shape, characteristics originated from in itself. These two classification theories have their own pathologic types and syndrome types with each disease so that disease-predictable data can be constructed based on such a relationship. In addition, this diagnostic method by facial shapes and signs is able to be applied to whole stages from prenatal to present state of disease even if the cause and inducement are not clear. Ante-disease diagno-theraputic system by Gall Bladder's versus Bladder's Body and Masculine versus Feminine Shape is getting more important in the chronic and internal disease in comparison of the acute and traumatic disease. So this study is able to make up for the limit of diagnosis on ante-disease in the field of oriental medicine clinic.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2002

우리나라 환자의 안구 결막낭에 기생하는 동양안충은 T. callipaeda로 보고 되어 있다. 그러나 종 동정을 위한 분류학적 특징과 미세구조적 특징의 기술이 미비하여, 저자 등은 우리나라 환자의 결막낭에서 적출한 11마리의 동양안충을 주사전자현미경으로 관찰하고, T. callipaeda 의 충체 표피의 미세구조적 특징으로 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. T. callipaeda는 충체 표피가 각질줄무늬로 구성되어 있으며, 각질줄무늬는 충체의 구기부와 미부에는 약 $1.8{\mu}m$ 크기이며, 충체의 중앙 부위에는 $4.0{\sim}4.5{\mu}m$이다. 따라서 충체 표피 1mm에 각질줄무늬는 평균 400개로 구성되어 있었다. 자충의 충체 미단부에는 1쌍의 쌍선이 잘 발달되어 있으며, 웅충의 충체 미단부에는 쌍선이 감각유두와 유사한 형태로 관찰되었다. 충체의 구기부와 미단부에는 감각유두가 잘 발달되어 있으며, 구기부에는 구순부위에 쌍기와 감각유두가 다수 발달되어 있다. 웅충의 충체 미단부의 감각유두는 규칙적으로 분포하고 외부생식기를 중심으로 구기부 쪽으로 $7{\sim}8$쌍과 충체의 미단부로 5쌍이 발달하여 이들 감각유두의 분포가 T. callipaeda의 미세구조적 특징으로 확인되었다. 5쌍의 충체 미단부 감각유두는 분포 위치에 따라 anterior ventral postcloacal papillae, middle ventral postcloacal papillae, subventral postcloacal papillae 그리고 lateral papillae (phasmid)로 구성되어 있다. 따라서 동양안충은 주사전자현미경으로 각질줄무늬, 쌍기, 쌍선, 감각유두의 미세구조적 특징으로 종 동정이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.121-129
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• 2013

최근 다중검출기 CT의 보편화 된 사용으로 환자의 피폭선량이 증가하고 있다. 따라서 광자극발광선량계를 이용해 촬영 목적 부위와 주변 결정장기에 대한 환자의 피폭선량을 측정하고 그에 따른 생물학적 효과를 예측하여 저감화 방안을 제시하고자 하였다. ICRP에서 권고한 표준안을 대상으로 만들어진 인체 모형 표준 팬텀에 교정상수를 부여받은 OSD 선량계를 측정하고자 하는 좌 우 수정체, 갑상선, 촬영의 중심점, 생식선에 부착하여 각 검사 부위별 노출 조건과 동일한 상태에서 환자의 피폭 선량을 모사하였다. OSL 선량계의 평균 교정상수는 $1.0058{\pm}0.0074$이었으며 검사 부위별 주변 결정장기의 등가선량은 좌 우측 수정체의 경우 직접 피폭이 약 50mGy로 최대였으며 간접 피폭되는 경우 0.24mGy, 원거리에서는 0.005mGy미만의 기준 준위 이하로 측정되었다. 갑상선의 경우 두부 검사에서 10.89mGy로 최대였으며 흉부에서 7.75mGy, 복부 및 요추부, 골반부에서는 기준 미만이었다. 생식선의 경우 골반검사에서 21.98mGy로 최대였으며 간접 피폭되는 검사에서 기준 준위 미만에서 6.92mGy까지 피폭되었다. CT 검사에서 DRL에 대한 저감화 방법은 국제기구에서 권고하고 있는 방사선 방어 원칙에 대한 정당한 해석과 제도적 뒷받침이 필요하다. 따라서 환자의 피폭을 최소화하기 위해서는 정당성을 충족하여야 하며 환자의 피폭선량에 미치는 영향들을 체계화하고 조직의 불필요한 피폭을 최소화 하여야 한다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-24
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to define the content of requisite human structure and function knowledge needed for clinical knowledge of nursing practice. Subjects of human structure and function were divided into 10 units, and each unit was further divided into 21 subunits, resulting in a total of 90 items. Contents of knowledge of human structure and function were constructed from syllabus of basic nursing subjects in 4 college of nursing, and textbooks published by nurse scholars prepared with basic nursing sciences. The degree of need of 90 items was measured with a 4 point scale. The subjects of this study were college graduated 136 nurses from seven university hospitals in Seoul and three university hospitals located in Chonnam Province, Kyungbook Province, and Inchon. They have been working at internal medicine ward, surgical ward, intensive care unit, obstetrics and gynecology ward, pediatrics ward, opthalmology ward, ear, nose, and throat ward, emergency room, rehabilitation ward, cancer ward, hospice ward, and their working period was mostly under 5 years. The results were as follows: 1. The highest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice were electrolyte balance, blood clotting mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, hematopoietic function, body fluid balance, function of plasma, and anatomical terminology in the order of importance. The lowest scored items of human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice was sexual factors of genetic mutation. 2. The highest order of need according to unit was membrane transport in the living unit, anatomical terminology in movement and exercise unit, mechanism of hormone function in regulation and integration unit, component and function of blood in oxygenation function unit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive and energy metabolism unit, temperature regulation in temperature regulation unit electrolyte balance in body fluid and electrolyte unit, concept of immunity in body resistance unit, and genetics terminology in genetics unit. The highest order of importance according to subunit was membrane transportation in cell subunit, classification of tissues in tissue unit, function of skin and skin in skin subunit, anatomical derivatives of the skeleton subunit, classification of joints in joint subunit, an effect of exercise on muscles in muscle subunit, function of brain in nervous system subunit, special sense in sensory subunit mechanism of hormone function in endocrine subunit, structure and function of female reproductive system in reproductive system unit, structure and function of blood in blood unit, structure of heart, electrical and mechanical function in cardiovascular system unit, structure of respiratory system in respiratory system subunit, structure and function of digestive system in digestive system subunit, hormonal regulation of metabolism in nutrition and metabolism subunit, function of kidney in urologic system subunit, electolyte balance in body fluid, electolyte and acid-base balance subunit. 3. The common content of human structure and function knowledge need for all clinical areas in nursing was structure and function of blood, hematopoietic function, function of plasm, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, body fluid, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance. However, the degree of need of each human structure and function knowledge was different depending on clinical areas. 4. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as skin and derivatives of the skin, growth and development of bone, classification of joint, classification of muscle, structure of muscle, function of muscle, function of spinal cord, peripheral nerve, structure and function of pancrease, component and function of blood, function of plasma, structure and function of blood, hemodynamics, respiratory dynamics, gas transport, regulation of respiration, chemical digestion of foods, absorption of foods, characteristics of nutrients, metabolism and hormonal regulation, body energy balance were demonstrated according to the duration of work. 5. Significant differences in human structure and function knowledge necessary for nursing practice such as classification of tissue, classification of muscles, function of muscles, muscle metabolism, classification of skeletal muscles, classification of nervous system, neurotransmitters, mechanism of hormone function, pituitary and pituitary hormone, structure and function of male reproductive organ, structure and function of female reproductive organ, component and function of blood, function of plasma, coagulation mechanism and anticoagulation mechanism, gas exchange, gas transport, regulation of respiration, characteristics of nutrients, energy balance, function of kidney, concept of immunity, classification and function of immunity were shown according to the work area. Based on these findings, all the 90 items constructed by Korean Academic Society of Basic Nursing Science should be included as contents of human structure and function knowledge.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.111-131
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• 2002

본 총설은 1980년대부터 최근까지 국내외 학술잡지나 심포지움 등에 발표된 인삼의 주요 임상효능 연구결과를 요약 고찰하고, 그 임상 적응증과 안전성 등에 대한 검토를 통해 금후 인삼의 임상적 활용성 제고와 인삼의 진정한 약용가치 평가를 위한 임상연구의 발전에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 당뇨병을 비롯한 동맥경화성 질환, 고혈압, 악성질환, 성기능 장애 등의 만성질환에 대한 그 동안의 연구결과는 인삼의 치료효과보다는 예방 및 회복제로서의 효용성을 보여 주었다. 특히 이들 질환의 각종 자각적 장해증상과 장기 약물치료의 부작용으로 인한 QOL의 악화에 에 대한 개선효과가 관찰되었다. 그러나 인삼의 효과는 일반적으로 mild 하여 일차적 치료보다는 관행적 약물요법과 병용할 때 보조요법제로서 또는 부작용을 보다 적게 하는 효과가 기대된다. 또한 주요 강장효능과 관련하여 작업수행능력에 미치는 임상연구 결과는 인삼복용이 각종 스트레스 상태하의 신체적 조건에 대한 적응능력을 개선시켜 육체적 정신적 기능저하를 회복시키는 효과를 보였다. 이러한 임상시험에서 얻어진 결과가 그대로 인삼의 적응증(indication)이라고 단정할 수는 없으며, 그 효능의 과학적 증거들에 대해서는 아직도 논란이 많고, 임상실험의 유효성 평가와 관련된 방법론적 문제점도 많이 지적되고 있다. 보다 확실한 적응증 제시를 위해서는 표준화된 인삼시료를 이용하여 보다 체계적인 시험설계에 의한 객관적 효능평가가 필요하다. 한편 인삼(제품)복용에 의한 부작용(adverse effects)의 발생 가능성에 대한 사례보고들도 대부분 인삼의 과량복용이나 품질관리 미흡에서 기인되는 것으로 여겨지고 있다. 최근 해외 시장에서 유통되는 인삼제품 품질검사에서 사포닌 성분의 불검출 또는 함량 미달과 유해성분의 오염가능성 등 부정적 견해들이 다수 보고되었다. 그러나 표준화된 인삼제품의 추천 복용량을 사용한 대부분의 임상실험에서는 거의 유의할만한 부작용은 인정되지 않았다. 금후 연구와 관련하여, 품질표준의 지표성분으로 간주되는 진세노사이드의 절대함량과 그 성분조성 차이에 따른 임상효과의 차별성이 있는지에 대한 검토와, 특히 최근 실험적으로 밝혀지고 있는 사포닌 성분의 장내 세균에 의한 생물전환체의 인체 실험을 통한 효과 검정이 필요하다. 나아가서는 적정 복용량의 설정과 이와 관련되는 생체내 동태 및 생체이용율(bioavilability)에 관한 정보가 거의 없으므로 이것도 금후 검토해야 할 과제로 사료된다. 인삼은 전통약물로서 오랜 역사성과 그동안의 연구결과에 의한 과학성을 가지고 있으므로 건강유지와 병의 예방 및 회복촉진을 위한 보조요법제 또는 기능성 식품으로써의 유용성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 인삼의 활용성 증대를 위해서는 보다 과학적인 임상평가에 의한 안전성 및 유효성 입증과 제품의 엄격한 품질관리의 필요성이 더욱 강조되어야 할 것이다.