• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.169-188
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• 2008

Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri find in women's caring/domestic labor a potential for producing affects, relationships, and forms of communication and cooperation in the family and in the community. Caring/domestic labor in their view is biopolitical in that it directly produces social relationship and forms of life. In this way, they contributed in deconstructing the fixed idea that women's caring/domestic labors are confined to the private domain rather than public one. The literary representations of women's caring/ domestic labor, however, have tended to emphasize its repetitive and confining attributes to private domains and the accompanying physical and mental alienation. Doris Lessing's "To Room Nineteen" and James Joyce's "Eveline" are the examples. "To Room Nineteen," an indirect manifestation of Doris Lessing's position as a Communist, criticizes the sexual distinction of domestic labor under Capitalistic ethic and describes the possible extinction of women's subjects who internalize the capitalistic ideology of bourgeois middle class nuclear family. "Eveline," the fourth work of Joyce's Dubliners, is another example to show the negative result of internalization of Catholic orthodox in which women are obligated to care and sacrifice specially through domestic and caring labor.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.430-448
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• 2011

This study analyzes the stereotyped femininity with a focus on body codes, which has been continuously expressed in fashion illustrations from the late $19^{th}$ century to the year 2010, and examines the changes in its meaning. Stereotyped femininity was reorganized by the changes in female sex role effected by social changes, as well as by the body discourse and feminism in the late $20^{th}$ century, These socio-cultural backgrounds led to the change in the meaning of stereotyped women expressed in fashion illustrations. The stereotyped women in fashion illustrations are characterized by gender-oriented body, and the typical image of women was reproduced with the marks of poses and looks that feature passiveness and subordination. Then, the gender-oriented body since 1990's shifted to active meaning that positively revealed sexual desire. The space positioned by women is also the symbol of gender. In line with changes over time, the backgrounds in fashion illustrations have changed from private space such as home and nature to public space such as city, which reflects diversification and expansion of space for women. This study has identified the changes in meaning, based on the analysis of the characteristics of stereotyped women expressed in fashion illustrations. Above all, women who were objectified as a subject by dominant discourse have established the concept of active body as an entity. In addition, the symbol of typical femininity is "slim" and "beauty", which reflects the change from the emphasis on childbirth-related femininity to self-control and conquer. On the other hand, the typical features expressed through body have reproduced dichotomous structure, but the emergence of body and background deviated from gender has reorganized the symbolic order of gender.

• Architectural research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

The physical environment can dramatically affect students' feeling and their behavior, educational attainment, and the way in which we do school activities. Unlimited access to campus areas without appropriate securities have reported an increase of crime in school area and safety issues has encouraged school facility planners to install securities devices at every corner of buildings. However, it is still questionable whether this approach is enough to protect students and staffs from the victimization of crime, including thefts, burglaries and sexual offences. There has been continued doubt about the safety of educational facilities where individual college students are studying and enjoying extra-curricular activities. Therefore, the purpose of this study is intended to investigate the effects of perception of safety by students on the level of academic performance at public outdoor environment of university campus. An extensive literature noted that the central element of modern school design principle mainly holds the theory of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) and the concept of defensible space. The second generation of CPTED also focused on social soft issues as well as situational factors, which extends beyond mere physical design to include social factors. The correlation analysis found that the effect of sense of safety does appear to be statistically significant on the facilitation of academic achievement. However, the analysis of Chi-square concluded that the perception of safety was not related to demographic and socio-economic profiles of the group except for gender. Further, stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the most prime predictor for academic achievement were 'safe public outdoor space/paths' at university campus environment, implying careful design of public open space and sidewalks based on the guideline of CPTED. The study also demonstrated that as the level of positive perception of safety rose, the overall academic achievement also responded to the specified rate (${\beta}=.99$). Finally, the findings reinforce an evidence that high-quality school environments are a positive factor in student academic performance.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.7
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

Background: School is a primary health education setting for adolescents and the continuous support should be provided to renew school health education curriculum correspondent to cultural changes in Korean society. Objectives: This study was conducted to identify the principals and teachers' health education needs for their students and to analyze their conceptual map for health education curriculum at school. Methods: The sample size of the preliminary study was 321 of the teachers in elementary, middle, and high school, and that of the main study was 355 middle school principals and teachers over the country. The self-administered mailing survey was conducted to collect the available health education topics in the preliminary study, to identify the factor structure of the health education topics and to analyze the conceptual properties on health education with exploratory factor analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis in SPSS 12.0. Results: A total of 21 health education topics were collected from the preliminary survey and 31 topics were, comprehensively, generated for the main survey. In exploratory factor analysis, seven factors were generated in 1.0 or greater Eigen value standard. The seven factors were 'life health promotion,' 'disease prevention and drug control,' 'bulling and aggression prevention,' 'injury and sexual harassment prevention,' human-efficacy and regulation,' 'health protection for adolescence,' and 'alcohol and tobacco control.' The educational need scores were the highest in 'human-efficacy and regulation' and 'injury and sexual harassment prevention.' The two-dimensional cooperates were generated for the 31 health education topics and the two dimensional properties which divided the conceptual space were 'health-safety' for one and 'public/environmental-individual/personal' for the other. That is, middle school principals and teachers primarily, understand the health education curriculum in the sense of 'health vs. safety' and 'public/environmental vs individual/personal.' Conclusions: Health education curriculum and textbook should be developed based on teachers' needs and conditions for health education in school fields. The field-based health education programs or textbook would make more possible problem-solving health education for youth in real school fields.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.760-775
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• 2014

In the era of 2.0 web, blog has become the media that men can express themselves with fashion more actively and independently, as paying much attention to their personal appearance and cultivating an upscale lifestyle. They often create their fashion images in the virtual space where enables a free and creative operations of self-expression. The study aims to identify the types of men's ego-images represented on the personal fashion blogs based on the framework of analysis from the previous research (Suh, 2014), to build the base data for analyzing men's fashion style in $21^{st}$21st century that reflects changes in men's sexual images, and to verify the framework as comparing with the previous case study about the women blogs (Suh, 2014). The case studies conducted 5 men's personal blogs such as bryanboy, iamgala, little fashionisto, katelovesme, and stylentonic. The study results almost same types of women's ego-images as following. The imaginary ego-image is classified as narcissism, regression, identification, and virtuality, the social ego-image as symbolism of roles and others'desire, the real ego as primary instinct, practical reality, object a, jouissance and sexual perversion. The personal style of men shown on the fashion blogs appears as a significant factor to analyze male customers in the growing men's beauty and fashion market.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.870-879
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• 1999

The reality of violence involving youth has recently increased and has become a serious social problem. The study was done to identity violence related feetors including types of assault, victim status and a violence preventive plan. The subjects were students in boy's high schools in the Jinju area and data were collected through a questionnaire. The research was done to demonstrate the seriousness of school violence and to determine the origins of the problems present measures to eradicate school violence. 1. The types of assault included slander, violent language to classmates, destroying school property, stealing money by beating and violent conduct, sexual harrassment or sexual violence. About 19% of the high school students had experience as violent assaulters. The reasons for such assault were abuse by the victim, discontent at home & school and for amusement with friends without any reason. 2. With respect to the status of damage by violence most cases took place within the school which is considered to be safe for students. Violence such as slander, abuse, violence language, disregarding or excluding took place the most at school and in case of the assaulter it was a college student or a student in the senior grad. 3. As for measure to prevent violence identified by the students, the need to provide space for youth leisure activity was listed as important along with the need for guidance for the future which took into account suitability related to the student's ability and the need to get rid of education mainly for entrance exams. Endeavors to prevent violence must be persistent in all aspect, so that such inhuman like violence will not appear and the negative elements raised by youth will be solved one by one.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.284-305
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• 1997

A Literatural study on the etiological factors, classification, prescription of hemorrhoids and hemorrhoids complicated by anal fistula following results were obtained. 1. The cause of hemorrhoids are long time sit, long time gate, overfatigue, overeating, imbalance of stool( constipation or diarrhea), pregnant fertility(overfatigue after childbirth, insufficiency of middle warmer energy), uncontrol sexual excess, pathgenic factors of wetness, heat, wind, dry, genetic cause, excess of anxiety, pile up of heat poison, weakness of entrails and viscera. The cause of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are attack of external wind, heatness, dry, fire, wetness(pathgenic factors), inapporiate treatment and chronic disease, greasy diet, excess of anxiety, constipation, uncontrol sexual excess, obstacle of circulation of vital energy and blood on anal site. 2. Classification of hemorrhoids are female hemorrhoids, male hemorrhoids, pulse hemorrhoids, intestines hemorrhoids, vital energy hemorrhoids, wine hemorrhoids, blood hemonhoids, flowing hemorrhoids. Classification with other method are external hemorrhoids, internal hemorrhoids, mixed hemorrhoids, excrescence hemorrhoids, nipple homorrhoids. External hemorrhoids is classified of varicosis of hemorrhoidal vein, connective tissue form, thrombus form. Classification of hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are simple lower hemorrhoid, lower mixed hemorrhoid, deep hemorrhoid, outer of one hole hemorrhoid, a horseshoe hemorrhoids. Once more classificated of four are space of sphincter muscle form, penetration sphincter muscle form, upper of sphincter muscle form, outer of sphincter muscle form. 3. Therapy method of hermorrhoid and hemorrhoid complicated by anal fistula are internal method, fumigation method method, ointment, method of close with medicine, necrotizing method, hot medicated compress( gxternal method), injection, insertion, bind, (operation) and acupuncture therapy (the others method) 4. Herb medicine for many used of internal method are Scutellaria baikalensis George(黃芩), Coptis japonia Makino(黃連), Rehmania giutinosa Liboschitz ex Fischer & Meyer(生地黃), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque(枳殼), Sanguisorba officinalis Linne(地楡), Sophora japonica L.(槐花), Cnidium officinale Makino (川芎), Astragalus membranaceus Bunge(황기), Angelica gigas Nakai (當歸). 5. Herb medicine for many used of fumigation are Schlechtendalia Chinesis J. Bell (五倍子), Artemisia Vulgaris L. var indica Maxim(艾葉), Poncirus trifoliata Refinesque (枳殼), Nepeta japonica Maximowicy(荊芥), And herb medicine for many used of ointment are Calomelas(輕粉), Alum(白礬), Boswellia carterii Birdwood(乳香), Os Draconis Fossilia Ossis Mastodi(龍骨).

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.5-12
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest fundamental data for design and planning of university dormitory through the survey of facility condition and resident's satisfaction. The scope of this research is limited to the period from late 1980's to early 2000's. The University Dormitories in Jeollanam-do and Jeollabuk-do are selected as subject. The result of this study is as follow. 1) Even though dormitory's total area is increased than the past, user's satisfaction is still in low level. It's necessary for user to fit a space to life pattern and the difference of human. 2) As a result of comparing of the sexual difference, most men are more active than women in using facility and practice 3) Not only a part of facility but also a part of operation is important element in satisfaction.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.71-79
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• 2021

One of the social aspects that changes as the use of the Internet becomes widespread is communication in online space. In the past, only one-on-one conversations were possible remotely, except when they were physically in the same space, but nowadays, technology has been developed to enable communication with a large number of people remotely through bulletin boards, communities, and social network services. Due to the development of such information and communication networks, life becomes more convenient, and at the same time, the damage caused by rapid information exchange is also constantly increasing. Recently, cyber crimes such as sending sexual messages or personal attacks to certain people with recognition on the Internet, such as not only entertainers but also influencers, have occurred, and some of those exposed to these cybercrime have committed suicide. In this paper, in order to reduce the damage caused by malicious comments, research a method for improving the performance of discriminate malicious comments through feature extraction based on parts-of-speech.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.739-754
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• 2006

Glamour, which stands for attractive physical feature with certain mystique, has been recognized by its superficiality and ephemerality in recent postmodernist aesthetics. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive literature of glamour and to contemplate glamour look, thereby to establish the styles of glamour expressed in fashion. For such purposes, this thesis first provides the study on the glamour in design studies, film studies and feminist theories, and to inquire aesthetic values of glamour look, which has been reflected in fashion. The glamour expressed in the fashion design can be classified into the following six aesthetic values: luxury, excess, masquerade, appropriation, sensuality and decadence. (1) Luxury is an expression of expensiveness, ostentatiousness which can be achieved only after putting in extensive an elaborate handworks. (2) Excess is an expression of bigness, scalelessness or extreme abundance. (3) Masquerade, that is a technique of identity which deal with clothing as a metaphor, is an expression of mysterious attractiveness and theatricality. (4) Appropriation is an expression by way of taking something from different time and space. (5) Sensuality is an expression of indulgence of sexual pleasures. Lastly, (6) decadence implies eroticized violence and demoralization.