• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.469-475
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• 2013

In mammals, puberty is a process of acquiring reproductive competence, triggering by activation of hypothalamic kisspeptin (KiSS)-gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal circuit. During peripubertal period, not only the external genitalia but the internal reproductive organs have to be matured in response to the hormonal signals from hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G) axis. In the present study, we evaluated the maturation of male rat accessory sex organs during the peripubertal period using tissue weight measurement, histological analysis and RT-PCR assay. Male rats were sacrificed at 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, and 70 postnatal days (PND). The rat accessory sex organs exhibited differential growth patterns compared to those of non-reproductive organs. The growth rate of the accessory sex organs were much higher than the those of non-reproductive organs. Also, the growth spurts occurred differentially even among the accessory sex organs; the order of prepubertal organ growth spurts is testis = epididymis > seminal vesicle = prostate. Histological study revealed that the presence of sperms in seminiferous tubules and epididymal ducts at day 50, indicating the puberty onset. The number of duct and the volume of duct in epididymis and prostate were inversely correlated during the experimental period. Our RT-PCR revealed that the levels of hypothalamic GnRH transcript were increased significantly on PND 40, suggesting the activation of hypothalamic GnRH pulse-generator before puberty onset. Studies on the peripubertal male accessory sex organs will provide useful references on the growth regulation mechanism which is differentially regulated during the period in androgen-sensitive organs. The detailed references will render easier development of endocrine disruption assay.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.119-134
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to find out the need for sex education of middle school students and their parents. For the data collection, the survey was conducted during the period from September 10 to September 20, 1989 by using prepared questionnaire. A questionnaire was given to 592 students of 1st, 2nd and 3rd grade from four middle schools and to 408 their parents in Suwon City. The major results are summarized as follow; 1. Among the 25 questions were asked about knowledge of sex, the structure of reproductive organs, physical change during puberty, menstruation, Sexually stimulation and family plan were answered correctly by over 50% of the students. The higher the grade, the more the knowledge of sex. There was no significant difference between this knowledge and with eider sister or brother. Among the 20 questions were asked about knowledge of sex, sexually stimulation, pregnancy, emission, induced abortion and sexually transmitted disease were answered correctly by over 50% of the parents. 2. 30 questions were asked about attitude of sex, 47.7% of the students and 53.4% of the parents answered 'positive'. There was no significant difference between grade and sex of students. A significant difference '.vas not also found between years and education level of parents. 3. In case of students, experience of sex education was showed the structure of reproductive organs, physical change during puberty, temper during puberty, menstruation, emission more. In the event of parents, experience of sex education was showed the structure of reproductive organs, temper during puberty, menstruation, emission, relationship with apposite sex more. Most students felt that sex education should begin from the first grade of middle school and the first grade of high school strongly. In parents was showed the need for sex education from the primary school and the first grade of middle school highly. Namely, students and parents felt that sex education should begin from puberty. To help good developments and growth of middle school students with rapid change should be educated sex eduction properly for the occasion.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.8-13
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• 2001

This study was carried out effect of red ginseng extract(1.0g/kg) on organotin compounds (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) which poisons against some organs like thyroid gland, liver, kindey, testis, ovary, serum immuinty and sex hormone activity of rats were examinned by gastric tubing for 3 weeks. The weight of each organ in TBTO treated group were significantly increased other organs which excepted kinedy in males and only liver in females.(p<0.05, p<0.01). In case of Immunity activity of each sex, IgM level was small change comparsion with that of control group in all sex. but IgG level was significantly decreased females rather than males comparsion with that of control group.(p<0.05, p<0.01) In case of sex hormone activity, the testosterone activity of males and the estradiol activity of females were significantly decreased rather than the control group. on the other hand, red singsong treated group was only significantly increased estradiol activity.( p<0.05, p<0.01)

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1998

Arisaema robustum, which has the ability to change sex, was studied in a temperate broadleaf forest of Sanseong-ri, Joongbu-myeon, Gwangju-gun, Kyonggi Province, Korea. \ulcornerThe study, carried out from 1993 to 1997, focused on population dynamics energy budget among organs, size distribution, mortality, the relationships between sex and size, seed production and germination rate. In terms of energy budget among the organs, the ratio of aboveground to belowground biomass was 36.6 : 63.4 in non-female plants, and 81.4 : 18.6 in female plants. Also, in female plants, the ration of leaf to sexual organ biomass was 39.5 : 41.9. Therefore, the belowground ratio of female plants was lower than that of non-female plants. Plants were classified into 8 levels relative to the amount of leaf area by $100cm^2$. The rates of the smallest and the largest classes were 49% and 1%, respectively, and population distribution by size was relatively stable. The mortality averaged 13.1% per year and decreased in inverse proportion to leaf size (6.6% in the smallest and 0.0% in the largest size classes). Leaf areas were $64.1{\pm}48.5cm^2$ in non-flowering plants, $232.1{\pm}123.9cm^2$ in males and $444.8{\pm}153.9cm^2$ in females. The increase rates of leaf area per year varied from 1.9% in plants changing from female tomale, to 152.4% in plants changing from non-flowering to female. But plants which remained female for 2 years showed a decrease of 34.7%. >From this result, it is thought that the female plants invest more energy to reproduction than to vegetative organs. The correlation coefficient (CC) value between plant size and the number of seeds produced (0.55) was larger than the CC value between plant size and total seed weight (0.73). That is, the larger the plant size, the heavier the seed produced. The germination rate increased along with seed weight, and it was 95% in plants which were over 60mg fresh weight/seed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2006

The purpose of this study finds out the effect of red ginseng extract (1.0g/kg) on TBTO (10, 20, and 40mg/kg) which poisons against some organs like thyroids gland, liver, kidney, testis, ovary, sex hormone activity of rats are examined by gastric tubing for 3 weeks. The weight of each organ in treated group were increased, especially liver in female and those of testis in males were significantly increased at 10, 20 and 40mg/kg (P<0.05, P<0.01). In case of sex hormone activity of each sex, the estradiol activity of female and testosterone activity of males were significantly decreased rather than the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01) According to between the TBTO treated group and 10+ rGe group of the testosterone activity each sex were significantly increased (P<0.01).

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to provide substantial foundation to establish effective sex education plan for female college students. For this purpose, we compared female college students with health related majors and the ones with non-health related majors in knowledge in sex, attitude toward sex, and sexual experience. We took the form of self-recording to survey 269 single female college students. The result is as follows. For knowledge in sex, including reproductive organs, contraception, delivery, sexual disease, and sexual intercourse, students with health-related majors(20.59) gained higher scores than students with non-health related majors(16.82). Scores for attitude toward sex indicated 2.43 for the health related majors and 2.35 for the non-health related majors. Attitude toward pre-marital sex, sex admissibility, and abortion showed especially distinct result between the two groups. Whether a student has ever engaged in sexual intercourse served as a significant variable to determine knowledge in sex overall, and the indexes such as sexual pleasure, chasteness, marital values, and attitude towards sex indicated significant differences. The result may be interpreted that the students with sexual experience tend to show more open attitude toward sex. The result indicated that contraception, pregnancy, and delivery were the parts that the participants most wanted to be educated on. Knowledge in sex is both positively correlated with attitude toward sex and sexual behavior. Also, the result indicates that knowledge in sex, both subjective and objective, significantly affects sexual behavior.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.127-144
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• 2009

본 연구는 중학생의 성교육을 효과적으로 수행하기 위해서 성교육 및 성폭력 프로그램을 개발하고 그 효과성을 검증하고자 하는 것이었다. 총 10회기의 성교육 프로그램을 개발하였고 연구대상은 중학교 2학년으로 선정하였으며, 사전사후 분석을 통해서 효과성을 검증하였다. 그 결과는 첫째, 성교육 영역은 인간과 성심리, 신체발달과 성건강, 사회적 환경과 양성평등, 결혼과 건강한 가족 4가지였으며, 10회기로 내용을 편성하였다. 구체적인 내용은 우정과 사랑, 부모됨, 성욕조절, 성병, 피임, 성 지식, 양성평등, 가정폭력, 의사소통 등을 포함하고 있다. 둘째, 프로그램 실시 결과 각 해당 영역에서 성지식 습득정도가 교육실시 전보다 정확해졌으며 새로운 습득한 성지식이 많았다. 성태도의 변화는 교육 전에 비해 양성평등적 태도로 달라졌으며, 성에 대한 책임의식이나 적극적인 태도로 변화가 나타나서 성교육의 효과를 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 성교육운영에 대해서 응답자들은 도움이 되었으며 비교적 만족한다고 응답하였으며, 현재 학교에서 이루어지는 성교육운영 전반의 개선이 필요하다고 인식하고 있었다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.48-58
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• 1990

본 조사는 인문계 여고생 2학년에게 연구자가 정규적으로 주 l시간 총 24시간에 걸쳐 성교육을 지침서에 의거, 실시하고 1학년과 교육을 주지 않은 2학년 여고생과 비교하여 성에 대한 지식 및 태도에 준 효과를 설문지를 배부 후 회수하여 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 대상은 경남지역 1개교 542명을 교육군으로, 1학년 164명 그리고 비교육군 2학년 972명을 대상으로 하였으며 설문기간은 1988년 12월 21일 부터 23일 까지 3일간 이었다. 대상 여학생의 70.8%는 부모와 성문제를 상담하지 않았으며. 98.5%가 성교육이 필요하다고 응답하였다. 적절한 성교육 시기로 전체의 56.0%가 중학교라고 응답했으며 성지식의 출처로 선생님으로부터가 교육군의 30.1%인데 비해 비교육군은 19.1%로 양군간 유의한 차를 보였다(P<0.01). 성에 관련된 인간의 해부 생리 및 2차 성징, 성병, 피임 및 임신 생리 등의 지식의 정도를 1학년의 평균치를 기준으로 보았을 때 교육군은 평균치 이상인 여고생이 100.0%이었고 비교육군에 비해 (54.3%, 76.3%, 75.1%) 유의하게 높은 비율이었다(P<0.01). 성에 대한 긍정적 태도, 혼전 성관계와 인공유산에 대한 바른태도 및 가족계획 슬로건에 대한 긍정적 태도는 교육군과 비교육군간 찬성유무 및 생각해 본 일이 없다는 무관심 유무에서 유의한 차를 나타냈다(P<0.05, P<0.01). 고등학교 시절의 이성교제, 이성교제에 대한 지식, 친구, 부모, 선생님과의 자유로운 대화에 대한 찬성율이 교육군과 비교육군간 유의한 차(P<0.05, P<0.01)가 있었으며 생각해 본 일이 없다는 항목은 비교육군이 교육군보다 유의하게 높았다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.86-94
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• 2003

The effect of four sub-lethal concentrations(400, 800, 1,200 and 1,600 ${\mu}g/ml$) of three amino acids such as isoluecine, aspartic acid and phenylalanine on vegetative growth and sexual and asexual reproduction of Achlya racemosa, A. proliferoides and Saprolegnia furcata was investigated. The density of vegetative growth and diameters of vegetative colonies of species of the Oomycetes fungi decreased with rising the concentration of the applied amino acid. Vegetative hyphae of treated fungi almost appeared branched in case of S. furcata, thick in case of A. racemosa and distorted in case of A. proliferoides as compared with control. The different treatments with amino acids depressed both sporangial formation and discharge, which were dependent on the tested species of zoosporic fungi, the amino acid and its dosage. Phenylalanine was the most effective amino acid in inhibiting sporulation and S. furcata was the most sensitive fungal species. Aspartic acid and isoleucine stimulated germination of discharged spores through the formation of germlings. Gemmae formation by the three fungi was reduced at the low concentrations of amino acids and nearly missed at high concentrations. Sex organs(oogonia and antheridia) were affected partly; rudiment oogonia were observed at low concentrations(400 and 800 ${\mu}g/ml$) and disappeared at higher concentrations, whereas antheridial branch formation was stimulated as the fungi were treated with isoleucine and to some extent phenylalanine.

• 한국식물병리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국식물병리학회 2003년도 정기총회 및 추계학술발표회
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• pp.128.3-129
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• 2003

A leaf blight disease caused by a species of Phytophthora has been observed on castor bean plants growing near dwelling houses in Manchon-dong, Daegu since 1993. The first isolate that we have kept was producing papillate, ovoid-obpyriform to obpyriform sporangia with on a simple sympodial sporangiophore from diseased tissue placed on water agar plates. The pure isolate, however, did not sporulate on agar media, and rarely even in water, but produced mycelial swellings and chlamydospores in water. Sporangia measured 26.1-77.4 ${\times}$ 23.2-44.0$\mu\textrm{m}$. Chlamydospores were either terminal or intercalary, and measured 24-29.4$\mu\textrm{m}$ in diameter. Sex organs were not formed in a single culture. In 2003, another pure isolate was isolated from castor bean plants with similar symptoms at the same place. The second isolate was distinct from the first one in that the second isolate was readily and abundantly sporulating on V8 juice agar plates. Sporangia of the second isolate were papillate, ovoid and caduceus with a pedicel. Sporangia measured 19.5-48.8 x 17.6-34.3$\mu\textrm{m}$ with 3.7$\mu\textrm{m}$ high papilla and 4.1$\mu\textrm{m}$ long pedicel. No sex organs were formed in a single isolate culture. Both isolates were pathogenic on castor bean plants. Results of the efforts to identify the two species of Phytophthora will be discussed.