• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.48-60
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relational between elderly women＇s sex-role attitude and their marital satisfaction. For this purpose, a questionnaire was surveyed 186 elderly women living in Kwangiu and Chonnam. The collected data were analyzed by using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, ANOVA and stepwise regression analysis. The results of this research were as follows ; First The total points of the elderly women＇s sex-role attitude score was 16.4, which was represented mixed trends of traditional and modem. And the total points of the elderly women＇s marital satisfaction score was 31.6, which was higher than the median 30. Second, Elderly women＇s sex-role attitude score was meaningfully different according to education level, health state, economic state. And elderly women＇s marital satisfaction score was meaningfully different according to social activity, economic state, health state, education level, age. Third, As the results of regression analysis, it was shown that the highest influencing variable on their marital satisfaction was the social activity, economic state, education level. All of them explained 19% of their marital satisfaction. (Korean J Human Ecology 1(2):48-60, 1998)

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.175-182
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• 2006

The difference of sex has been an object of interest and argument in medical, psychological, social, and cognitive science fields. This study started from the question of to what extent does the difference of sex have effect on successful interior design. In strive of resolving this, an experimentation of preference in terms of cafe interior design was performed with methods of human sensibility ergonomics. As the result, the difference of sex in preference regarding calf interior design could be observed. Males have main interest in the intensity of luminance, i.e. the brightness, whereas females attach importance to both qualify of light and color. In addition, there is a tendency for males to see cafe as a public place while females recognize cafe as a place for entertainment. Taking the result of this study into consideration can lead to successful gender specific cafe interior design.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.97-111
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• 2004

This study examines the different degrees of sexual awareness shown among high school girls in urban and rural areas. The analysis was carried out by dividing these students into urban and rural groups. A questionnaire of 51 questions based on previous studies and a review of the literature was prepared for students in the two groups after two preliminary surveys, a reliability test, and correlation. There were 721 copies of the questionnaire in total which were distributed to students of 2 urban and 4 rural girls' high schools. The analysis of the results was carried out using by means of SPSS 10.0, and it became clear that girl's students' viewpoints toward sex, the actual circumstances of their acquaintance of the opposite sex, the access to information about sex, the content of current sex education at school and the ideal type of sex education, tended to show differences between the two groups. This study showed that the standardized and uniform content and methods of current sex education in public schools does not work properly. Sex education at schools in South Korea has reached a limit of their effectiveness to a point where research into more effective sex education is required.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.775-782
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to Sex Role Stereotype of the viewpoint of 20's$\sim$30's womens. The investigators surveyed 284 women who aged twenties and thirties in pusan. For data analysis, we used Chi-Square Test, Factor Analysis, Reliability Analysis, T-test and ANOVA along with SPSS 12.0 package. The results of this study were as follow: First, the result of sex role stereotype according to vital statistics was difference all of variable accept for age. Androgyny type and man type highly showed in most variable. That was showed the change of Sex Role Stereotype. Second, the result of the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to Sex Role Stereotype of the viewpoint of 20's$\sim$30's womens were identified as 'pursuit of sense', 'pursuit of fashion', 'pursuit of individuality', 'secession of sex role', 'feminity'. Third, the result of the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to The vital statistics was difference with all of variable except for educational level. Forth, the factor of feminization in men's fashion according to sex role stereotype was difference with all of factor except for pursuit of sense'. Specially, 'pursuit of fashion' and 'pursuit of individuality' were important understanded the factor of feminization in men's fashion in Androgyny type.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.78-88
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• 2016

Purpose: To identify the clinical characteristics of SRY-negative male patients and genes related to male sex reversal, we performed a retrospective study using cases of 46,XX testicular disorders of sex development with a review of the literature. Materials and Methods:SRY-negative cases of 46,XX testicular disorders of sex development referred for cytogenetic analysis from 1983 to 2013 were examined using clinical findings, seminal analyses, basal hormone profiles, conventional cytogenetic analysis and polymerase chain reaction. Results: Chromosome analysis of cultured peripheral blood cells of 8,386 individuals found 19 cases (0.23%) with 46,XX testicular disorders of sex development. The SRY gene was confirmed to be absent in three of these 19 cases (15.8%). Conclusion: We report three rare cases of SRY-negative 46,XX testicular disorders of sex development. Genes on autosomes and the X chromosome that may have a role in sex determination were deduced through a literature review. These genes, through differences in gene dosage variation, may have a role in sex reversal in the absence of SRY.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.358-365
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between various aspects of multiple body image and clothing behavior i.e. individuality/self expression, body improvement, social approval, sex appeal. The data were collected from 498 female university students in Seoul and Kyong Ki Province and analyzed using factor analysis, Pearsons correlations, reliability test, analysis of variance, and multiple regression analysis. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Four dimensions of multiple body image were identified : appearance, body attractiveness, degree of fitness and atheletic skill. 2) Perception on appearance and fitness aspect of multiple body image has a positive correlation with all aspects of clothing behavior i.e. individuality/self expression, body improvement, social approval and sex appeal of clothing behavior. Body attractiveness and atheletic skill of multiple body image also had a positive correlation with individuality/self expression, and sex appeal.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.65-96
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• 1997

The main purpose of this study is to explore the determinants of sex ratio imbalance at birth in Taegu which has experienced the extremely imbalanced sex ratio at birth since mid-1980s. This paper attempts to compare the determinants of sex ratio imbalance at birth, such as sex discrimination against women, son preference, prenatal sex identification followes by sex-selective induced abortions, among married women aged 25 to 44 in Taegu with those in Bay area, California in USA. The research is based on the survey data which were conducted in Taegu, Repulic of Korea and Bay area, California in USA. The findings of this analysis suggest that married women in Taegu are more likely to feel sex discrimination against women than married women in Bay area. Furthermore, the percentage of married women's effort for son bearing before pregnancy is much higher than that of married women in Bay area. We also have found that the percentage of sex-selective induced abortion in Taegu is six times higher than that of married women in Bay area. According to the logistic regression analysis, the determinants of sex-selective induced abortion among married women in Taegu are discrimination against women, son preference, prenatal sex identification. On the other hand, age is the only variable which has an important impact on sex-selective induced abortion among married women in Bay area. From the findings of this study, we can conclude that son preference based on Cofucianism is the most important impact on sex ratio imbalance at birth in Taegu where son preference is much stronger than other regions in Korea. The phenomenon of extremely imbalanced sex ratio at birth in Taegu is the result of combination of these factors, such as strong son preference, seeking to have at least one son within small family size, and prenatal sex identification followed by sex-selective induced abortion.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.124-137
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to identify the need for sex education in middle school students Research subjects were 194 students who attended at I seminary in B city. The period of data collection was from July to August, 2001. Research instrument was composed of 61 structured items 17 items related to demographics and sex, 44 items related to the need of sex education. Data were collected through the self-report method by the researcher and one trained assistant. The instrument developed by the researchers was employed to measure the need of sex education and it's Cronbach's $\alpha$ = 0.9349 in this research. Data were analyzed by frequency, percentage factor analysis and t-test using SPSS WIN Program. The findings of this study are summarized as follows : 1. The highest score among characteristics of sex was 'less interest about sex(42.6%)', 39.0% of subjects got information about sex from friends or elders. 52.3% of subjects consulted friends or elders about sex problems. The number of sex education lessons was 1-2 times in school during last semester (61.0%). Education by the school nurse was 35.9% to students. 43.1% of subjects announced moderate satisfaction on sex education. 2. The mean score of the need for sex education was $2.88{\pm}0.47$ (lowest value 1, highest 4). The most wanted sex education factor was 'chastity and sexual responsibility($3.33{\pm}0.67$)' and followed by 'family and marriage ($3.26{\pm}0.62$)' and 'considerations of sex($3.07{\pm}0.69$)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education factor is 'physiological characteristics of male ($2.47{\pm}0.72$)', followed by 'sexual behavior ($2.49{\pm}0.75$)'. The most wanted sex education item was 'the meaning of family ($3.54{\pm}0.75$)' and followed by 'the cautions to prevention from sexual abuse ($3.49{\pm}0.78$)' and sexual activity and responsibility($3.43{\pm}0.77$)'. Meanwhile, the lowest wanted sex education item is 'masturbation ($2.16{\pm}0.97$)', followed by 'circumcision($2.32{\pm}0.97$)'. 3. There is no significant difference between boys and girls in mean score about the need for sex education(t=-.715, p=.476). Sex education factor that girl-students wanted was 'physiological characteristics of female'. Sex education factor that boy-students wanted was 'family and marriage'. Sex education items that girl-students wanted were 'cautions during menstruation', the relation of ovulation and pregnancy', caution to prevention from sexual abuse' and sexual behavior and responsibility'. Sex education items that boy-students wanted were 'the meaning of family', 'the importance of marriage', 'male's sex organs', 'a wet dream', 'the method to resolve sexual curiosity', 'sexual intercourse' and 'the connection with the other sex'. In conclusion, the mean score of the need for sex education is medium. The route to attain knowledge about sex and sexual problem is through consulting friends and elders. Therefore, it is necessary to give sex education that is suitable to the subject's needs and methods. Also, it is necessary to give differently strong point about sex education between female and male students.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.82-97
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) the developmental level of children's concept of gender by age and sex. (2) children's sex-specific behaviors by age and sex, and (3) children's sex-specific behaviors by developmental level of gender constancy. The subjects were 164 children (forty 3-year-olds, forty-three 5-year-olds, forty 7-year-olds and forty-one 9-year olds) with nearly equal numbers of boys and girls. They were selected from two kindergartens and one elementary school. A quasi experiment was carried out with the procedures described by Slaby and Frey (1976) to measure children's developmental level of the concept of gender constancy. Two experiments were carried out to observe children's sex-specific behaviors: one for children's toy choice behavior and the other for children's interaction with their peers. Statistical methods adopted for data analysis were frequencies. percentiles, mean. and $X^2$. It was found that children's sex-specific behaviors were different according to their developmental level of gender constancy. Children's developmental level of gender constancy was significantly different according to their age, but there was no difference according to their sex. Children's toy-choice behavior was significantly different according to their age and sex. Children's sex-specific behaviors were significantly different according to their concept of gender constancy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.367-379
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• 1993

The objectives of this study were to classify the contents of clothing image preferences of Korean and American students, and to examine how clothing image preferences vary according to sex role identity, sex, and culture. A woman's clothing image preference inventory and the Bem Sex Role Inventory were administered to 127 Korean students and 116 American students. Sex role idendity was classified into androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated type. 1. Four segments of woman's clothing image preference derived by factor analysis : F. 1 'splendid-plain' ; F. 2 'feminine-masculine' ; F. 3 'casual-formal' ; F. 4 'classic-contemporary'. 2. Americans prefered splendid image more than did Koreans. Androgynous-typed males liked splendid image most among American male subjects. 3. There was interaction effect between sex and culture on feminine-masculine image preference. In Korean students, males liked feminine image much more than did females. Masculine-typed females liked masculine image most among American female subjects. 4. Koreans prefered casual image more than did Americans. 5. There was interaction effect between sex role identity, sex, and culture($4{\times}2{\times}2$) on classic-contemporary image preference. Feminine-typed females liked classic image most among Korean female subjects. 6. Korean males especially prefered luxurious image least. Korean females contemporary most, American males sexy most, American females fashionable most among four subject groups. That is, differences on clothing image preferences were found according to sex role identity, sex, and culture.