• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.642-653
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, fecal microbiota, fecal score, and nutrient digestibility in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 200 weaning pigs with an average body weight (BW) of 7.64±0.741 kg were allotted to five treatment groups and were divided based on sex and initial BW in four replicates with ten pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 6 weeks. A total of 15 barrows were used to evaluate the nutrient digestibility by the total collection method. The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase, and fecal samples were collected at the end of the experiment. Results: The addition of β-glucan with vitamin E to weaning pig feed increased BW, average daily gain, and average daily feed intake. A significant decrease in yeast and mold and Proteobacteria and a tendency for Lactobacillus to increase compared to the control was shown when 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E were added. The fecal score in weaning pigs was lower in the treatments supplemented with 0.1% or 0.2% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E compared to the control. In addition, vitamin E was better supplied to weaning pigs by increasing the concentration of α-tocopherol in the blood of weaning pigs when 0.02% vitamin E was supplemented. However, there was no significant difference in either the immune response or nutrient digestibility. Conclusion: Inclusion of 0.1% β-Glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in a weaning pig's diet were beneficial to the growth performance of weaning pigs by improving intestinal microbiota and reducing the incidence of diarrhea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1228-1240
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• 2023

Objective: This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on growth performance, blood profiles, diarrhea incidence, nutrient digestibility, and odor emission in weaning pigs. Methods: A total of 240 weaning ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) pigs (8.25±0.050 kg body weight [BW]) were assigned to six treatments based on sex and initial BW, with five replicates of eight pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. Experimental diets with different crude protein levels for early and late weaning phases were as follows: i) CP16, corn-soybean-based diet containing 16%/15% CP; ii) CP17, corn-soybean-based diet containing 17%/16% CP; iii) CP18, corn-soybean-based diet containing 18%/17% CP; iv) CP19, corn-soybean-based diet containing 19%/18% CP; v) CP20, corn-soybean-based diet containing 20%/19% CP; and vi) CP21, corn-soybean-based diet containing 21%/20% CP. Results: In the early weaning period, average daily feed intake increased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.05). During the entire experimental period, average daily gain and the gain to feed ratio decreased when the dietary CP level increased (linear, p<0.01). Additionally, a decrease in dietary CP level resulted in a linear increase in final BW (linear, p<0.05). In the early and late weaning periods, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). There were no significant differences in creatinine, glucose, total protein, triglyceride or insulin-like factor-1 levels over the experimental period. The concentrations of immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG were not significantly affected by dietary CP levels during the experimental period. In the early weaning period, fecal and urine N decreased when the dietary CP level decreased (linear, p<0.01). No differences in nutrient digestibility among the treatments during the early weaning period were found. Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, the diarrhea incidence decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Throughout the whole experimental period, when the dietary CP level decreased in the weaning pig diet, ammonia, amines and hydrogen sulfide decreased linearly (linear, p<0.01). Conclusion: Reducing dietary CP could decrease diarrhea incidence, the concentration of BUN in serum and odor emission in manure. Furthermore, it could improve N excretion in feces and urine and growth performance in weaning pigs.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.929-942
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of β-glucan with vitamin E supplementation on the growth performance, blood profiles, immune response, pork quality, pork flavor, and economic benefit in growing and finishing pigs. Methods: A total of 140 growing pigs ([Yorkshire×Landrace]×Duroc) were assigned to five treatments considering sex and initial body weight (BW) in 4 replications with 7 pigs per pen in a randomized complete block design. The experimental diets included a corn-soybean meal-based basal diet with or without 0.05% or 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E. The pigs were fed the diets for 12 weeks (phase I, 0 to 3; phase II, 3 to 6; phase III, 6 to 9; phase IV, 9 to 12). The BW and feed intake were measured at the end of each phase. Blood samples were collected at the end of each phase. Four pigs from each treatment were selected and slaughtered for meat quality. Economic benefit was calculated considering the total feed intake and feed price. Pork flavor was analyzed through inosine monophosphate analysis. Results: The average daily gain and feed efficiency were improved compared to the control when β-glucan or vitamin E was added. Supplementing 0.05% β-glucan significantly increased the lymphocyte concentration compared to the addition of 0.1% β-glucan and the content of vitamin E in the blood increased when 0.02% vitamin E was added. The treatment with 0.1% β-glucan and 0.02% vitamin E showed the most economic effect because it had the shortest days to market weight and the lowest total feed cost. The addition of β-glucan or vitamin E had a positive role in improving the flavor of pork when considering that the content of inosine monophosphate was increased. However, carcass traits and meat quality were not affected by β-glucan or vitamin E. Conclusion: The addition of 0.1% β-glucan with 0.02% vitamin E in growing and finishing pig diets showed great growth performance and economic effects by supplying vitamin E efficiently and by improving the health condition of pigs due to β-glucan.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.499-505
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• 2022

This study aims to provide basic data for the development of educational programs for effective gender equality education in elementary schools by confirming the consciousness of gender equality in the 5th and 6th graders of elementary school. In this study, 5th and 6th graders attending three elementary schools located in G and A cities explained the research and collected data using questionnaires from 190 people who wished to participate in the research. Frequency analysis and percentage were used for general characteristics of subjects, and t-test and ANOVA were used for differences in gender equality awareness according to subjects' sex, grade, and number of siblings. Consciousness of gender equality showed an average of 3.47 points out of 4, with an average of 3.51 points in the social and cultural life area, 3.49 points in the home life area, 3.47 points in the school life area, and 3.38 points in the vocation life area. Various activities should be conducted to raise students' consciousness of gender equality, and families, schools, and society should jointly strive to create a gender-equal cultural climate. Future study is needed to identify the factors affecting the gender equality awareness of elementary school students.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.416-423
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• 2022

This study was a secondary data analysis study to determine the relationship between mental health counseling and the current prevalence of depression in the Korean adult population. Data were extracted from raw data of the 7th 3rd year (2018) of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The subjects of this study were 6,238 adults aged 19 years or older who participated in the NHANES conducted from January to December 2018. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis and logistic regression analysis of the complex sample by the SPSS/WIN 27.0 version program. The mental health counseling statistically significant associated with variables such as sex, marital status, economic activities, and family income level, respectively (p<0.05). The prevalence of depression statistically significant associated with age group (p<0.0001). The odds-ratio of current prevalence of depression was 5.09 times (OR, 5.085; p<0.0001) lower in subjects who had undergone mental health counseling for the past year compared to subjects who did not. These findings could be useful as evidence-based data for the prevention and management of depression by predicting the vulnerable factors for mental health in the Korean adult population.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.393-399
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on school records of family environment, learner's attitude, school life, seat position in college students. The questionnaire surveyed for family environment, learner's attitude, school life by 121 students, and conformed the school records after consent and institutional review board. Mean age was 21.7-year, and men 54.5% and women 45.5% for sex. Learner's attitude and school life are significantly positively correlated for school records(p<0.001), and school life satisfaction and learner's attitude are significantly positively correlated for family environment(p<0.001). It showed significantly correlation between school life and learner's attitude(r=0.437, p<0.001). Seat position is significantly higher in men more than women(3.40 vs. 3.89, p=0.004), as well as in grader. Between school records ≥ 90% and <90% group showed statistically difference in school life (4.35 vs. 4.11, p=0.045) or learner's attitude(3.75 vs. 3.37, p=0.004), seat position(3.89 vs. 3.45, p=0.007). Therefor, school records are effected significantly by learner's attitude and school life, seat position in college students.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.26-35
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• 2010

Objective : The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of the acute stroke patient who take Gwakhyangjeonggisan, and provide the basis of Gwakhyangjeonggisan prescription Method : We studied hospitalized patients within 4 weeks after their ictus who were admitted at Kyunghee University Oriental Medical Center, Kyunghee University East-West Neo Medical Center, Kyungwon University Oriental Medical Center, Semyung University Oriental Medical Center from February 2010 to July 2010 We compared the general characteristics of acute stroke patient according to herb medicine Result : The patient who take Gwakhyangjeonggisan show significant difference for sex, family history of Stroke, Face color, Tongue color, Pulse condition, HDL Cholesterol, Fastfood eating, Waist circumference. Conclusion : The above result show that Gwakhyangjeonggisan can be prescribed to stroke patient whose complaining gastrointestinal symptoms, & Oriental Medical Diagnosis is Cold & Deficiency type. Further studies will be needed to better understand the difference between Gwakhyangjeonggisan group and Other herb medicine among acute stroke patients.

• The Journal of the Society of Stroke on Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2005

1. Purpose : The purpose of this study was done to compare the sex, past history, hematologic relationship between the Cerebral infarction patients and the Cerebral hemorrhage patients. 2. Methods : We selected the two study groups. The one is 20 Cerebral infarction patients and the other 20 Cerebral hemorrhage patients with confirmed by Brain CT or MRI. We made an investigation into past history. We examined and made a comparative study of CBC, LFT, Na, K, Cl in the both group. 3. Result & Conclusion : In the Cerebral hemorrhage group, there were many patients with Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus than the Cerebral infarction group. In the Cerebral infarction group, there were many patients with abnormal RBC count with no significant. Also, ESR is higher than the other group. Between the Cerebral infarction and the other group, we discovered significant cases with abnormal triglyceride, ALP in the Cerebral infarction group(p<0.05). Abnormal triglyceride is known one of important risk factor of Cerebral infarction, but this study was significant in the Cerebral hemorrhage group. Also, ALP was significant in the Cerebral hemorrhage group. Therefore more extensive research is needed.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.5
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• pp.619-633
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• 2016

In March 26th, 2016, two major sport organizations of South Korea, Korean Olympic Committee and the Korean Council of Sports for All, have merged with the ultimate goal of improving health and wellness among Korean people through sport and physical activity participation. Integration of sport system intended to shift the paradigm from "old" to "new", and can be a catalyzer to promote Korea as a developed nation with the delivery of quality sport. This study critically reviewed the Canadian Sport for Life-Long-Term Athlete Development (CS4L-LTAD) which serves as a platform to integrate and operate sport organizations in Canada, and discussed the feasibility and adaptability of CS4L-LTAD in the Korean context. This study also introduced Integrated Model for Korea Sport System developed based on the CS4L-LTAD framework, and addressed key strategies that will drive to the successful implementation of the model. The Integrated Model for Korea Sport System offers ways to improve the quality of sport and physical activity for all Koreans by linking sport, recreation, physical education, and health, and by aligning programs and services across different settings: school, elite, and community sports. The recent restructure and redesign of Korea sport system will play vital roles in promoting the overall welfare of all Koreans, regardless of one's sex, age, disability, and sociodemographic status by providing inclusive, ethical, and holistic framework that is appropriate for the Korea sport system.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.465-472
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to analyze the amount of physical activity and body composition and to investigate physical activity according to cancer type, sex, and age among colorectal and gastric cancer survivors. A total of 354 participants who were colorectal (n=185) and gastric (n=169) cancer survivors had completed all treatment less than 4 years ago at Y university hospital between June 2014 and April 2015. The Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) was used to measure time and intensity of physical activity according to the different types of activity. The colorectal cancer survivors were significantly higher in body mass index, waist circumference, percent body fat, blood pressure, and the prevalence of diabetes compared to gastric cancer survivors. In addition, the results showed that only 26.5% of colorectal cancer survivors met American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) guidelines (at least of 150 min of moderate intensity of higher physical activity per week) for physical activity, compared with 41.4% of gastric cancer survivors. Additionally, only 13.6% of colorectal and gastric cancer survivors met strength exercise guidelines. The male cancer survivors were significantly higher in moderate physical activity, participation in resistance exercise, and sedentary behaviors compared to female cancer survivors. In additions, less than 65 years cancer survivors were higher in strenuous intensity exercise and moderate physical activity compared to more than 65 years cancer survivors. The alternative for promoting physical activity participation rates of colorectal and gastric cancer survivors should be presented.